Aboozar Vafaei; Kamran Dolatyarian
Abstract
Extended AbstractIntroduction Due to its particular natural, economic and social situation, Kashan as a second-rate city confronts a variety of problems such as horizontal and scattered expansion, unbalanced development of the city in different directions, the spread of marginalization and unauthorized ...
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Extended AbstractIntroduction Due to its particular natural, economic and social situation, Kashan as a second-rate city confronts a variety of problems such as horizontal and scattered expansion, unbalanced development of the city in different directions, the spread of marginalization and unauthorized constructions. These problems have become the basis for major changes in land use and land use incompatibility. Land use evaluation of Kashan city shows that this city has been encountering uneven growth in recent years and many of the surrounding areas that used to be agricultural lands, have gone to urban infrastructure and structures, especially the residential and industrial ones. Since one of the purposes of urban land use plan is the appropriate location of land uses in conjunction with the separation of incompatible uses from each other, accordingly, the current research aims to present applicable solutions for the optimal location detection and distribution of uses throughout the city and to separate incompatible uses from each other in order to achieve the major goal of urban planning, i.e., ensuring people's welfare by creating a better, healthier, more effective and pleasant environment by applying the spatial analysis tools of the geographic information system, while answering the following questions;What is the per-capita status of existing uses in Kashan with standard per capita in urban plans?What is the status of existing uses in Kashan regarding the compatibility index? Research MethodRegarding purpose, the type of research is applied and in terms of its method it is analytical-comparative; explicitly, the literature and sources have been initially examined and the theoretical framework of the subject has been compiled. Then the base map of urban land uses was prepared and reorganized in GIS environment. Subsequently, through surveys of the amounts of surfaces, the per capita for all types of uses was determined and annexed to the information of the base map in the form of separate layers in order to provide the basis for its use in the GIS environment. Afterwards, the evaluation of urban uses was proceeded regarding per capita standards and compatibility index by applying quantitative and qualitative method. Accordingly, the amount of land required by each use in the current situation was initially calculated and determined by specifying the ratio of shortages through the per capita standard and eventually, the location of each use in relation to neighboring users was analyzed in terms of compatibility index via GIS software using the overlap model (IO) and spatial analysis. The Geographical Area of the ResearchKashan city is the geographical area of the research that is currently the second most populous and industrial city after Isfahan city in the province. Results and DiscussionSince examining the compatibility of different uses of the city is the most significant element in evaluating urban land use, therefore this research has proceeded to explain the degree of compatibility and non-disruption of one use to carry out the activities of other uses using the compatibility index. Accordingly, the degree of compatibility of city uses in relation to neighboring uses was primarily drawn using the convenient table of mutual compatibility matrix, then the quality of city uses was investigated through field studies in terms of compatibility according to the amenable fields in explaining compatibility such as land size, slope, accessibility, urban facilities and equipment, air quality, sound, light and smell. ConclusionIn this research, the uses were examined and evaluated at both quantitative and qualitative levels. In the quantitative section, the current situation of the levels and per capita uses throughout the city was discussed with the standard per capita in urban plans. Consequently, statistical calculations showed that except for tourism and religious uses, other uses are encountering a deficiency of level. In the qualitative part, the degree of compatibility of land uses was investigated using the compatibility index through acquiescent components in the explanation of compatibility such as land size, slope, accessibility, urban facilities and equipment, air quality, sound, light and smell, through field studies in the form of mutual compatibility matrix. Finally, the location of each user in relation to neighboring users was analyzed in terms of compatibility index via GIS software applying the overlap model (IO) and spatial analysis. The results of the compatibility percentage of uses with neighboring use in Kashan show that residential use of more than 40 percent, educational use with more than 37 percent, administrative use with 36 percent, medical use with 27 percent and sports use with 19 percent in stand in relatively incompatible to completely incompatible conditions with their neighboring uses, and on the other hand, tourism use with more than 90%, religious and cultural use with more than 85%, and commercial use with more than 80% are in entirely compatible and relatively compatible conditions with their neighboring uses and take the least incompatibility with other uses.
Asyeh Namazi; Sayed Ahmad Hosseini; Sohrab Amirian
Abstract
Extended AbstractIntroductionAs a land use specially designed for physical activity, recreation and leisure, sports facilities are considered to be a public space vital for the society, improving health and well-being of the community. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the pattern of distribution, ...
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Extended AbstractIntroductionAs a land use specially designed for physical activity, recreation and leisure, sports facilities are considered to be a public space vital for the society, improving health and well-being of the community. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the pattern of distribution, easy access to these land uses, and spatial organization of these facilities in accordance with the pattern of road networks. Accordingly, the pattern in which sport facilities are distributed across urban areas can have a direct impact on the desired operational efficiency of the city. Therefore, optimal site selection and easy access to sports facilities are of great importance for a healthy city and a healthy community. A huge difference between per capita sports areas and the standard per capita or imbalanced distribution of sports facilities in the region may result in reduced interest in physical activities and threaten the health of individual and society. Accordingly, the present study has evaluated per capita sports spaces in Kashan, and the spatial distribution of these facilities. The average time required for accessing these spaces has also been measured in accordance with the local road network and the total area each facility serves. Finally, an optimal model has been proposed for sports related land use in Kashan. Materials & MethodsThe present descriptive-analytical study is applied in nature and uses ArcGIS and SuperDecisions software to analyze its descriptive and spatial data. To provide an optimal model, 11 indicators including area each land use serves, its quality, urban land use, population density, health centers, educational centers, distance from faults, distance from urban waterways, fuel centers, distance from industries, parks and green spaces were identified based on expert opinions. The importance of each indicator was also determined based on expert opinions using the ANP model, and weighted linear combination was used to combine the previously mentioned indicators in GIS. A brief summary of the models used are presented in the following section. Results and discussionThe nearest neighbor algorithm is used to evaluate the spatial distribution regardless of the total area of each sports facility. Results indicate the presence of a completely clustered distribution (P = 0.000 and Z = -3.368) at the level of 99%. Finally, the relative weight of each criteria is combined with the relative weight of each option obtained from ANP model using the weighted combination in GIS to reach an optimal model for site selection. The resulting value actually indicates the necessity of new sports facilities. In other words, higher values show higher priority and as it is shown, about 40% of the total area of Kashan is potentially appropriate for new sports facilities while about 60% of the city area is not suitable for such facilities. ConclusionOptimal site selection maximizes the efficiency of sports facilities and improves the quality of services for those using the areas. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the area each sports center is serving and provide an optimal model for site selection in Kashan. In 2016, Kashan had a population of about 304 thousand people and about 202 thousand meters of sports related land use. Thus, there was a 0.67 square meters per capita sports related land use in Kashan. Finally, 11 indicators were combined using the weighted combination to reach an optimal model. Results showed that about 40% of the total area of Kashan is potentially appropriate (relatively appropriate and completely appropriate) for new sports centers while about 60% of this urban area is not suitable for construction of such facilities. Moreover, results proves the efficiency of spatial statistics used to evaluate spatial distribution of land uses. As it is shown in the present study, GIS can provide an optimal model for site selection using practical indicators and appropriate data analysis methods. In general, results indicate that sports facilities in Kashan are not generally in a good condition in terms of per capita and distribution pattern which confirms the fact that these issues were not considered important in the process of site selection.
bahare hajizade vadeghani; jahanbakhsh balist; saeed karimi
Abstract
Extended Abstract Introduction Paying attention to sustainable urban physical development in urban development programs indicates the importance of this issue in strengthening the cultural, social and physical aspects of the city. Developers in developing countries have deeply realized that infrastructure ...
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Extended Abstract Introduction Paying attention to sustainable urban physical development in urban development programs indicates the importance of this issue in strengthening the cultural, social and physical aspects of the city. Developers in developing countries have deeply realized that infrastructure services and facilities have also played a major role in improving the development of urban and rural areas in these countries, and emphasizes this. Finding out that improving the access of urban and rural communities to basic services is an important tool in accelerating regional development, and accepts that location-based services, in addition to impacting costs in Efficiency and utilization and their quality are also effective. A lot of research has been done in the field of location, including the study of Sin et al. (2002) aimed at evaluating urban land use structures with an eye to sustainable development. Simpleiara et al. (2004) examined the dynamics and modeling of urban expansion with the help of GIS in the city of Manglor, India, and predicted the type of future expansion of the city. Vanakata Subways (2007) completed the article entitled "Analysis of Places for Urban Development using GIS" (Chang, 2008) using GIS and Land Multi-Fuzzy Decision-Making Model Has identified susceptible people for the establishment of an urban forest in Harlingen. The importance and necessity of this research in the lack of methods are suitable models for locating human settlements. In decision-making for the development of human settlements, all the criteria and parameters required and involved in structured and structured models should be considered in the form of up-to-date models. The purpose of the research is to develop a suitable model for determining the appropriate sites for the development of human settlements. In this research, we have been asked to answer the following question. Is the city of Kashan capable of urban development and, if so, what is its potential and in what districts? Materials and methods The city of Kashan with an area of 20,000 square kilometers (2100 hectares) and a population of 500,000, facing the mountains on one side with its back to the desert on the other side, is located in the central region of Iran. The geographical coordinates of Kashan with an altitude of 945 meters above the sea level are 51 degrees and 27 minutes East longitude and 33 degrees and 59 minutes North latitude. In this research, at first, data were collected and the criteria were defined and weighted by FANP. Then, using the Arc Gis software, the criterion map was created and standardized. To create the final map, the layers were combined and overlaid by the weighted linear combination method and Gamma function in fuzzy logic. Finally, the attraction map of Kashan City for urban development was created and analyzed. The GIS-based linear weighting method (WLC) includes the following steps: 1. Defining a set of evaluation criteria and options 2. Standardize the mapping layer of each level 3. Define the weight for each criterion: meaning that a relative weight is assigned directly to each criterion map. 4. Generating the layers of standardized layer with weight: This means that we multiply the standardized layers of the weight in the respective weights. 5. Add the final score to each option using the "Gamma" for the layout of the standard weighted map. 6. Sorting options based on ratings (the best option is the option with the highest score). Result and discussion To determine the weight and prioritization of the FUZZY ANP software criteria, the purpose of the research which is suitable for urban development, is at the highest level of decision-making, and at the next level, the criteria Includes (environmental, socioeconomic and physical), and at the last level are the following criteria which are mentioned in the article 13 at the beginning of the article, and according to experts, regarding the recognition of the region the weight loss study is carried out for each of the following criteria. After weighting and performing calculations in the software, the final weight is obtained. In urban development, the highest weights are taken to the slope index and the lowest weight is considered as the index of slope (Table 2). After fuzzying and multiplying the weights by the fuzzy layers, the GAMA operator with three suffixes (0.9, 0.5, 0.1), is applied to the fuzzy layers which is shown in Fig. 7. The 0.9 gamma fuzzy operator shows the most compatible among the urban areas of Kashan with appropriate lands for urban development. Therefore, a 0.9 gamma is referred to as the final layer of appropriate land for urban use. The second coexistence method is, using the WLC linear gravity combination. In this section, all cabinet layers were classified instead of fuzzy layers, and their class values were determined. Then, in the RASTER CALCULATOR, the classified layers were multiplied by the weight of the FANP, and finally, the total layers were plotted, as shown in Fig. 8. Conclusion Based on the results of this research and the previous studies, the optimal result is the time taken by the 0.5 gamma operator, in which case its function is a combination of two operators Sam and Product. According to the final map obtained from the WLC method, urban development is more possible in the southwestern part of the city of Kashan. In the fuzzy method, the results indicate that the current location of Kashan city and its southern regions have good potential. The results of the linear weight combination method are similar to the fuzzy combination method of the current location of Kashan and its southern and southwestern regions. About 15% of the total area of the city of Kashan is suitable for urban development. Therefore, according to the obtained results, the aforementioned model including two methods and the use of the decision-making techniques, can be used as an appropriate model for studying the power of other similar regions (central regions of Iran). The development of the cities of Kashan and Qasr is more oriented towards the south and southwest.
