Spatial planning with regard to military defense
Ali Mohammadpour; Mohammadreza Eghbal; Afshar Hatami
Abstract
Extended AbstractIntroductionIn today's world, advances in science and technology have led to the emergence of the information revolution and advanced cognitive tools. Space satellites are capable of capturing the entire surface of the earth in great detail. At the same time, the development of electronic ...
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Extended AbstractIntroductionIn today's world, advances in science and technology have led to the emergence of the information revolution and advanced cognitive tools. Space satellites are capable of capturing the entire surface of the earth in great detail. At the same time, the development of electronic warfare, including long-range and guided missiles of mass destruction, remote-controlled weapons and war robots, has posed serious threats to the security and survival of societies. For this purpose, defense-security planning has been designed as an effective solution against the existing threats. The purpose of this study is to organize the defense and security of Khuzestan provinces in order to identify threats and use potential defense and security capabilities. In explaining the relationship between land management and defense-security indicators, the important issue is that in the planning projects that have been discussed so far in the country, only demographic, economic, political, cultural, physical issues are considered and the issue of defense and national security and less considered areas. Is located; Therefore, the relationship between land use planning and defense-security indicators can be examined from different perspectives.MaterialsThe research materials included basic maps obtained from the surveying organization as well as the geographical organization, including maps of critical, critical and important points. In addition, geological maps and other thematic maps have been used.MethodsThis research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The study area was Khuzestan provinces and the research period was 2016 to 2021. The statistical population of the study was the population of Khuzestan provinces according to the population and housing census data of the Statistics Center in 2016. There was no sample size in this study. The method of data collection was using documentation and survey. Research data for economic and social sectors were obtained from the Statistics Center. Data analysis techniques included frequency tables, descriptive graphs, spatial analysis methods, and spatial statistics techniques.Results & DiscussionIn this study, indicators were studied that can be considered as a representative for a large number of micro and macro indicators. According to these indicators, a picture of the security, defense and defense situation in Khuzestan provinces was shown. It is noteworthy that security cannot be achieved only with the tools of war and the use of military forces, and the threat is not only the existence of a foreign enemy. Rather, any tension that affects the comfort and well-being of the people is considered an insecure element and action must be taken to resolve it. Also, defense is not only the use of weapons and military forces, but also defense mechanisms must be prepared to deal with any insecure elements. Many sabotages in the country can happen without the attack of the enemy forces. In the field of defense planning, there is a need that any action and action for development and planning, must be accompanied by the principles of defense and the correct location of vital, sensitive and important elements. Also, the defense-security planning model showed that defense, security and defense planning pursue three main goals, namely deterrence, capability and self-sufficiency or self-reliance. According to the objectives of the powerful, safe and stable land as the three main arms in defense-security planning. A safe land is a security arrangement and a framework for understanding all the factors that disrupt order and security in the region. Powerful land indicates defense planning, which seeks to provide mechanisms to understand the maximum possible defense of the land and the region. Sustainable land targets defense planning. In this type of arrangement, the main purpose of camouflage is to hide and reduce the effects of possible attacks.ConclusionIn the provinces of Khuzestan and Bushehr, it was found that in addition to military threats, there are other factors that have a civilian aspect; Therefore, in order to establish security and maintain stability in the provinces in question, it is necessary to consider various instances of security, defense and passive defense with a systemic view. Some of these factors have a natural aspect and others have a human aspect including social, cultural, economic, military, technological and political. Therefore, defense-security planning analyzes can consider the most important and effective scientific solutions to deal with military and civilian threats and to establish order and security.
Geographic Information System (GIS)
Omid Faraji; Alireza Gharaghozlou; Hosein Aghamohammadi Zanjirabad; Zahra Azizi; Alireza Vafaeinejad
Abstract
Extended Abstract:Introduction:Undoubtedly, the main motivation of all planning is to achieve sustainable development, regional balance, proper distribution of activities and maximum use of environmental capabilities in the process of regional development. Land is a limited and vulnerable resource, but ...
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Extended Abstract:Introduction:Undoubtedly, the main motivation of all planning is to achieve sustainable development, regional balance, proper distribution of activities and maximum use of environmental capabilities in the process of regional development. Land is a limited and vulnerable resource, but many of its benefits, if not to be abused, are eternal and renewable. In the planning system, the dimension of space is very important and the principles of spatial planning include the principles of sustainability, integrity and comprehensiveness.Developed countries and developing countries both need skills and guidelines in the field of spatial information, methods, frameworks, tools and templates that can use spatial information in timely and accessible decision-making and move forward and to be supportive to sustainable development goals.The purpose of this study is to investigate the applications and political and economic effects as well as the feasibility of using modern technologies such as: Internet of Things - Cloud Computing and Edge Computing - Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning - Data Mining and Spatial Behavior Mining with the help of Virtual Reality and monitoring Spatial-Temporal changes, all of which are essential to Digital Twin, focusing on land management and sustainable development.Materials & Methods:This article is based on studying the findings and trends implemented in the three leading areas of land administration: The United States, Australia and the European Union and trying to localize those trends in our country.In this research, the comparative study method has been used, which shows a gap of at least ten years between the current situation of spatial information management in our country and what is happening in the leading countries in this field. The study areas include: architecture and structure-political and governance approach-emerging technologies-software- rules and restrictions.The enabler tools used in this research are the complete familiarity with architecture, software, technologies and current instructions in the field of geospatial sciences in the country, and on the other hand, the study of more than eighty articles and more than ten books in the field of the latest global achievements and the review of all reliable portals of the geospatial information and finally a comparative comparison of these two concepts and drawing a road map.Preparation of 2D and 3D cadastral maps of all geographic entities and assignment of legal and ownership information to these entities and then 3D visualization of these combined spatial data in a suitable portal for the preparation of functional spatial analysis are discussed in detail in the implementation method of this research.Results & Discussion:Utilizing the knowledge and technology in creating a Digital Twin platform and adding its powerful tools to the country's national geospatial information infrastructure will lead to maximum productivity and the growth of the economy and social equality, and its highest feedback is the realization of sustainable development in the country.As the Gartner Institute's technology evaluation indexes as well as the CAGR index and the economic impact evaluation reports of the leading countries show, the acquisition of the Digital Twin technology will greatly contribute to the prosperity of the country's economy.In this research, an attempt has been made to mention all the technical and management tools necessary to achieve this infrastructure, and also a prioritization has been done according to the time of achieving the goals.Conclusion:The results of this research show that filling the gap between the current state of the country's spatial information management and the desired state requires investment, culture and serious efforts of those involved in this field, and on the other hand, a positive point can be mentioned that with following the paths taken by developed countries, it is possible to achieve an optimal model and a clear and error-free path to achieve these goals.The localization of global instructions and the development of a conceptual model of action to resolve the existing technology gap will pave the way for the establishment of new technologies in the country, and with the maturity of the technical and operational branches of these models, we will come closer to the realization of sustainable development in the country.On the other hand, without cooperation and coordination between all the governmental bodies involved in the country's geomatic sciences, in addition to the private sector and the society, it seems unlikely to achieve this great achievement, because the creation of such a powerful infrastructure requires a harmonious and coherent national movement.It is hoped that this article will make a small achievement to the formation of strategic thinking in the management of spatial information sciences in the country and provide a complete picture of the dark corners of the development path as well as helping the decision makers in our beloved country.
Aboozar Vafaei; Kamran Dolatyarian
Abstract
Extended AbstractIntroduction Due to its particular natural, economic and social situation, Kashan as a second-rate city confronts a variety of problems such as horizontal and scattered expansion, unbalanced development of the city in different directions, the spread of marginalization and unauthorized ...
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Extended AbstractIntroduction Due to its particular natural, economic and social situation, Kashan as a second-rate city confronts a variety of problems such as horizontal and scattered expansion, unbalanced development of the city in different directions, the spread of marginalization and unauthorized constructions. These problems have become the basis for major changes in land use and land use incompatibility. Land use evaluation of Kashan city shows that this city has been encountering uneven growth in recent years and many of the surrounding areas that used to be agricultural lands, have gone to urban infrastructure and structures, especially the residential and industrial ones. Since one of the purposes of urban land use plan is the appropriate location of land uses in conjunction with the separation of incompatible uses from each other, accordingly, the current research aims to present applicable solutions for the optimal location detection and distribution of uses throughout the city and to separate incompatible uses from each other in order to achieve the major goal of urban planning, i.e., ensuring people's welfare by creating a better, healthier, more effective and pleasant environment by applying the spatial analysis tools of the geographic information system, while answering the following questions;What is the per-capita status of existing uses in Kashan with standard per capita in urban plans?What is the status of existing uses in Kashan regarding the compatibility index? Research MethodRegarding purpose, the type of research is applied and in terms of its method it is analytical-comparative; explicitly, the literature and sources have been initially examined and the theoretical framework of the subject has been compiled. Then the base map of urban land uses was prepared and reorganized in GIS environment. Subsequently, through surveys of the amounts of surfaces, the per capita for all types of uses was determined and annexed to the information of the base map in the form of separate layers in order to provide the basis for its use in the GIS environment. Afterwards, the evaluation of urban uses was proceeded regarding per capita standards and compatibility index by applying quantitative and qualitative method. Accordingly, the amount of land required by each use in the current situation was initially calculated and determined by specifying the ratio of shortages through the per capita standard and eventually, the location of each use in relation to neighboring users was analyzed in terms of compatibility index via GIS software using the overlap model (IO) and spatial analysis. The Geographical Area of the ResearchKashan city is the geographical area of the research that is currently the second most populous and industrial city after Isfahan city in the province. Results and DiscussionSince examining the compatibility of different uses of the city is the most significant element in evaluating urban land use, therefore this research has proceeded to explain the degree of compatibility and non-disruption of one use to carry out the activities of other uses using the compatibility index. Accordingly, the degree of compatibility of city uses in relation to neighboring uses was primarily drawn using the convenient table of mutual compatibility matrix, then the quality of city uses was investigated through field studies in terms of compatibility according to the amenable fields in explaining compatibility such as land size, slope, accessibility, urban facilities and equipment, air quality, sound, light and smell. ConclusionIn this research, the uses were examined and evaluated at both quantitative and qualitative levels. In the quantitative section, the current situation of the levels and per capita uses throughout the city was discussed with the standard per capita in urban plans. Consequently, statistical calculations showed that except for tourism and religious uses, other uses are encountering a deficiency of level. In the qualitative part, the degree of compatibility of land uses was investigated using the compatibility index through acquiescent components in the explanation of compatibility such as land size, slope, accessibility, urban facilities and equipment, air quality, sound, light and smell, through field studies in the form of mutual compatibility matrix. Finally, the location of each user in relation to neighboring users was analyzed in terms of compatibility index via GIS software applying the overlap model (IO) and spatial analysis. The results of the compatibility percentage of uses with neighboring use in Kashan show that residential use of more than 40 percent, educational use with more than 37 percent, administrative use with 36 percent, medical use with 27 percent and sports use with 19 percent in stand in relatively incompatible to completely incompatible conditions with their neighboring uses, and on the other hand, tourism use with more than 90%, religious and cultural use with more than 85%, and commercial use with more than 80% are in entirely compatible and relatively compatible conditions with their neighboring uses and take the least incompatibility with other uses.
Abbas Tajaddini; Zahra Sabzi; Ladan Zarif
Abstract
Extended Abstract Introduction Determining the landfill site for municipal waste is an important issue in the urban planning process due to its great impact on the economy, ecology and environment of each region. In the process of site locating, it is tried to consider areas with the least risks to the ...
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Extended Abstract Introduction Determining the landfill site for municipal waste is an important issue in the urban planning process due to its great impact on the economy, ecology and environment of each region. In the process of site locating, it is tried to consider areas with the least risks to the environment and human health and conservation. During the recent three decades, the production of municipal solid wastes has increased considerably, beside that their specifications has been changed meaningfully due to the change in people’s life style, progress of industrialization and world economies. Still, one of the best methods of waste disposal is waste dumping or burying. Optimized selection of landfill sites may minimize any negative environmental or financial effect. Searching various places to locate landfills requires choosing an appropriate method. Therefore, applying mathematical methods and determining the influence of different criteria the selection of a suitable place can be very useful. This subject was examined here for the city of Karaj, which is one of the Iran’s megacities with a fast and uncontrolled population growth and increase in waste production. Materials & MethodsIn this research, the indicators and effective criteria in locating the landfill of Karaj city were identified, evaluated and prioritized with a sustainable development approach using GIS and Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The research data were collected through literature review, internet searching, and technical survey. Using fuzzy logic and decision making techniques based on expert opinions, it was tried to limit the gap in the research field. The current research is descriptive-survey, and functional. To carry out the research, at first, the major influencing criteria were identified. The criteria were categorized into five major groups of geotechnical, environmental, municipal developing, socio economic, and hydrological items. Afterwards, an initial survey was utilized to control the items, and then, a pairwise comparison questionnaire was designed to collect the expert opinions. The research population was 30 experts, adopted from academia, industry, and environmental engineering sector, that 27 of them were selected randomly to answer the questions. It was adequate according to the Cochran’s formula. To ensure the data collected were acceptable, the validity and reliability of the questions were examined sufficiently. Due to its simplicity and accuracy, the triangular fuzzy number was adopted to assess the descriptive variables. In continue, and based on the GIS analysis method, extra specifications of the potential landfill sites proposed were further examined. It was accomplished through categorizing the information layers, then by weighting the potential landfill sites according to the total scores obtained. The information layers included: geotechnical effect, ground slope, land use, permeability, being subjected to flood, water quality, water level, distance from the city, and distance from power transmission lines. Based on the influence level of these layers upon the landfill sites, they were categorized into four classes of highly suitable, suitable, relatively suitable, and unsuitable. For overall ranking, the score of each landfill site in each information layer was calculated by multiplying each layer score by its weight. After completion of this computation phase, all available information layers obtained their own scores, demonstrating their suitability level to be a landfill site. Using the ArcView software, the simple additive weighting method was utilised for site locating. Results & DiscussionThe results showed that the urban development criteria with a weight of 0.270 was the most important criterion in locating municipal waste landfill, followed by the environmental criterion with a weight of 0.226. Accordingly, the socio-economic criterion with a weight of 0.152 was placed in the last rank. Moreover, in the geological group, the fault index weighted 0.261 and the climatic conditions index weighted 0.236. In the environmental group, the surface water distance index weighted 0.201, and the landfill odor index weighted 0.172. In addition, in the urban development group, the land use index with a weight of 0.283 and the access to equipment and facilities with a weight of 0.258 were the most influencing items. The Inconsistency Ratio of pairwise comparison matrix (I.R) for all matrices was less than 0.1, which confirmed the compatibility of the components. Conclusion In the complementary analysis, using the Fuzzy TOPSIS technique and the Geographic Information System (GIS) and utilizing the simple incremental weighting method (SAW), it was determined that Nazarabad site and Halqe Dare new-site are the most suitable options for constructing a new landfill site.
mohammad kazem shams pouya; Jamileh Tavakolinia; Mozaffar Sarrafi; Zohreh Fanni
Abstract
Extended Abstract The concepts of land and land use planning and its objectives have changed over time. These changes include: Changes in the socioeconomic concept, the evolution of the concept of land, physical and new priorities in land use per capita. In addition, seeking to promote the environmental ...
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Extended Abstract The concepts of land and land use planning and its objectives have changed over time. These changes include: Changes in the socioeconomic concept, the evolution of the concept of land, physical and new priorities in land use per capita. In addition, seeking to promote the environmental movement in the 1980s led to the global popularity of the concept of sustainable development, qualitative changes in approaches and methods of planning and urban design. Since then, urbanization goals have changed from physical and functional issues towards the sustainable urban development. In fact, equitable access to land is one of the components of sustainable development. The true role of land and its importance in sustainable development is properly understood when its prerequisites are taken into consideration. One of the most important of these prerequisites can be pointed to good land governance. Alongside this revival of land issues in development policy discourse, is the emergence of a distinct pole in governance discourse, namely, ‘land governance’. The term and notion of ‘land governance’ has gained currency within the mainstream agencies in recent years, and generally means the most efficient way of administration of land issues, such as cadastres, land titling, and so on. Land governance encompasses a range of issues and subjects that the laws and policies of urban land is one of those cases. So, the urban land laws and policies from the perspective of good governance approach Provides good understanding of the policies and rules and patterns of urban land issues. Materials & Methods The main method of this study was a descriptive-analytical approach that has been carried out using a literature review in library data. This research is both fundamental and practical. The main goal of this study is to determine the characteristics and consequences of good and poor governance and the interpretation of laws and policies from the perspective of good land governance model and determining the obstacles to fulfill the requirements of good land governance in Tehran Metropolis. Results & Discussion In the Third Development Plan (1962-1967), the master plan for Tehran Metropolis was prepared. Such plans led to long-term government intervention in the land market. It should be noted that the criterion of 300 meters for land separation in the first comprehensive plan of Tehran was far beyond the average residential land area in the status quo (about 100 meters) and was beyond the capacity of low-income groups.This pattern was repeated in subsequent programs and led to projections of lower income groups to the suburban areas. Whereas good land governance requires knowledge and beyond citizen participation and interest groups in the preparation and implementation of development programs and urban land policies, effectiveness and efficiency is one of the most important criteria for good land governance that must be based on accurate and perfect laws and regulations. In Tehran Metropolis, the lack of adequate and affordable housing, especially for low-income groups led to poor governance of land and housing. Also, given that decision-making process is centralized, the local land management has not been achieved. Conclusion The results showed that, zoning laws, land separation regulations, and housing planning flaws led to speculation of land and housing in Tehran metropolis and ignored low-income groups in urban plans and increased urban sprawl and expansion of the unregulated constructions as a result of poor land governance. Also, it is necessary to mention that the land acquisition and construction by various institutions without permission, the institutional irregularities, centralized decision-making process and the lack of formation of local land management, lack of transparency and unclear land property situation within and outside the cities, all of which are in contradiction with the principles of good land governance. Good land governance is based on transparency of ownership, land tenure security and transparency and so on. This is a very basic issue that also continues. Therefore, the need to revise the governance structure along with subsidiarity and providing the context of popular participation, and institutions such as councils by state are the essential issues. In the end, it must be emphasized that the realization of local land management also depends on good land governance.
Mir Najaf Mousavi; Maral Rahimi
Abstract
Abstract[1]
Sustainable development in a country can be realized by taking into account the ecological potential, human resources, technology and financial resources belonging to that country and performing such development will only be sustainable in the mentioned environment. Therefore, the ...
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Abstract[1]
Sustainable development in a country can be realized by taking into account the ecological potential, human resources, technology and financial resources belonging to that country and performing such development will only be sustainable in the mentioned environment. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to explain the role of demographic components in realizing the dimensions of sustainable development of the border regions of West Azarbaijan Province, thus, the statistical population of the research has been formed by 9 border cities of the West Azarbaijan Province in the year 1390 (2011).This research was conducted using "analytical - descriptive" method and quantitative models. Research data was collected using a library (documentary) method. In this regard, the demographic analysis of the cities of West Azarbaijan Province during the years 1355-1390 was first studied, then, ranking of the cities of the province in terms of different indexes of sustainable development in 2011 was performed using the VIKOR model (in the Excel software environment) and their ratings by taking advantage of hierarchical cluster analysis method using SPSS 16 software. The results of the calculations indicate that the ranking of cities in different parts is different, and ultimately, the cities of Urmia and Showt were known as being the most developed and the most deprived cities respectively.The coefficient of variation (CV) was used to investigate the extent of inequalities among cities. The application of this model showed that among the various indices, the highest level of inequality has been in economic indicators and the least inequality has been in environmental indicators.Based on the results of structural equation modeling using LISREL software, demographic components have had the most positive impacts on the economic dimension of sustainable development. Testing the hypotheses revealed that all of the demographic components under study, have been effective on the realization of the dimensions of sustainable development.
[1] - به دلیل کیفیت نامناسب متن چکیده مبسوط انگلیسیِ ارائه شده توسط نویسنده مسئول مقاله، نشریه به ناچار اقدام به ترجمه مجدد متن چکیده فارسی و انتشار آن به جای چکیده مبسوط انگلیسی نموده است.
Reza Mansouri; Ezzatollah Ghanavati; Mohammad Reza Servati
Abstract
The vast country of Iran has diverse geographical conditions with 11 out of 13 known climates in theworld. This hasresulted in many environmental,ecotourist, recreational, and economic capabilities. The tourist infrastructure of any region is the nature of that area and as one of its parts,geotourism ...
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The vast country of Iran has diverse geographical conditions with 11 out of 13 known climates in theworld. This hasresulted in many environmental,ecotourist, recreational, and economic capabilities. The tourist infrastructure of any region is the nature of that area and as one of its parts,geotourism has in recent years, experienced a dramatic and significant upsurge in the world and has had a great influence on regional development. Geomorphological and geological visit is one of the main aspects of Geotourism. Ilam province with a surface area of 19,086 KM2ranges from 31 deg. 58 min. to 34 deg. 15 min. North Latitude from the Equator and 45 deg. 24 min. to 48 deg. 10 min. East Longitude from the Greenwich. The province is considered as one of the most prone areas for development of geotourism with its geotourist, geomorphological and geological attractions such as caves, mountains, rivers, waterfalls and springs. In this regard, attention to the natural capacities, conservation, presentation and utilization of geotourism attractions can play an important role in the sustainable development of the province,while it can be effective in solving problems such as unemployment and creation of employment in the province.This research studies the characteristics of Ilam province in a library, field, descriptive - analytical method and by using maps and satellite images,
Saeid Maleki; Reza Ahmadi; Sajad Monfared; Mohammad Matougi
Abstract
Many developing countries are over-concentrated in a few urban areas. Such a situation leads to many problems. In this countries, the quality of people's is experiencing huge regional inequalities which are increasing rapidly in many cases. Environmental problems are one of the most fundamental issues ...
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Many developing countries are over-concentrated in a few urban areas. Such a situation leads to many problems. In this countries, the quality of people's is experiencing huge regional inequalities which are increasing rapidly in many cases. Environmental problems are one of the most fundamental issues in modern cities and are the result of conflict and confrontation with the natural environment. The result of this process will be the imbalance and incompatibility between man and nature and the collapse of the ecosystem relationship. The purpose of this research is to identify the variables of sustainable environmental development and assessment of sustainability in the cities of Khuzestan province. This is an applied and descriptive- analytical method research. The results of the research show that the cities of Izeh, Dezful, Andimeshk,Lali and MasjedSoleiman are at a higher level than other cities in terms of environmental development in khuzestan province. Also, the results of statistical tests indicate the superiority of the North of province to its south in terms of environmental development. However, there is no sensible difference between the east and west of the province despite the relative superiority of the east of the province to the west. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient show that there is no meaningfulcorrelation between environmental development and population size of the cities and their Urbanization rate. This means that, there is no meaningful relationship between population size and urbanization rate with environmental development.
Shima Sadat Tabatabaei
Volume 22, Issue 88 , January 2014, , Pages 69-74
Abstract
Growth and development of urbanism along with world-wide industrial development and expansion, induced urban authorities of industrial societies to change their attitudes fundamentally. The present research seeks to perform a descriptive-analytic investigation on the environmental situations and urban ...
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Growth and development of urbanism along with world-wide industrial development and expansion, induced urban authorities of industrial societies to change their attitudes fundamentally. The present research seeks to perform a descriptive-analytic investigation on the environmental situations and urban management in Tehran during three historical periods. This goal is reached by identifying strengths and weaknesses in SWOT framework. Results indicate that social policies in Tehran are not completely in line with environmental policies, and this leads to the postponement of environmental sustainability in Tehran.
Esmail Nasiri
Volume 22, Issue 88 , January 2014, , Pages 92-99
Abstract
Basically, solid waste management system is one of the most important items in controlling production, saving, consuming, and also in waste collecting and disposal. The main goal of urban solid waste management is to create an effective and sanitary collecting system which responds to citizens’ ...
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Basically, solid waste management system is one of the most important items in controlling production, saving, consuming, and also in waste collecting and disposal. The main goal of urban solid waste management is to create an effective and sanitary collecting system which responds to citizens’ needs. On the other hand and due to the importance of sustainable development in urban societies, solid waste management is now one of the latest sciences which can decrease the influences and damages caused by consumerism to a considerable degree. Abundance of solid waste is the inevitable result of development and consumption, while lack of management is one of the most important factors in creating environmental pollutions. In addition to the costs of burying wastes, costs of collecting waste have also increased and most of waste management costs are related to collecting urban solid wastes. There are different plans for collecting urban waste, based on the type, composition and amount of produced waste, social and cultural features and urban priorities. According to the World commission of Environment and Development, sustainable development satisfies the present generation’s needs, without damaging the future generation’s capability in satisfying their needs. Not only physical resources, but also human resources must be maintained in development. Sustainable development begins with people and their cooperation; which are crucial in maintaining sustainability in economic, social, ecological and political stages of development.
Zahra Mohammadi; Hamidreza Eftekhari
Volume 22, Issue 86 , June 2013, , Pages 43-54
Abstract
A new phenomenon is that ICT which influenced in different areas of human life. In the course of evolution and population increase and become more complex. Also problems of human and his environment became more complex too. In response to these needs and problems that concepts such as welfare and Safety, ...
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A new phenomenon is that ICT which influenced in different areas of human life. In the course of evolution and population increase and become more complex. Also problems of human and his environment became more complex too. In response to these needs and problems that concepts such as welfare and Safety, Comfort, environmental protection and ecology highlighted the development of tools and different methods used to achieve them. In this Paper, at first we consider the definition of ICT and its concrete manifestation of the electronic city, the concept of sustainable development and the basic principles of that is checked, then the development of the most important will address the sustainable population, the number of components in this regard relating to information and communication technologies Such as Internet penetration Telephone, mobile phone in city Bandar Torkaman, province )Gorgan( and countries are compared. The most Commonly used statistic in the world which use the Internet is also provided. This study documents the methodology and results show that the features and tools related ICT in the country and especially in the provincial capitals and cities with deficiencies and problems we face, The youth are the most Internet users in the country that the Way Who are interested in, Show that internet Availability is necessary for them.
Asghar Zarrabi; Maryam Rezaei
Volume 22, SEPEHR , April 2013, , Pages 13-17
Abstract
In recent years, rapid development of urbanism and dramatic increase in urban population have resulted in numerous problems like devastating urban environment, lack of appropriate access to public urban services, incompatibility of urban land uses, lack of social justice, etc. Thus, the necessity of ...
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In recent years, rapid development of urbanism and dramatic increase in urban population have resulted in numerous problems like devastating urban environment, lack of appropriate access to public urban services, incompatibility of urban land uses, lack of social justice, etc. Thus, the necessity of urban planning and management were introduced. So that, new patterns of planning, different social, economic, ecologic and management aspects are reviewed and sustainable development strategies for decreasing problems are proposed. The present article seeks to investigate the importance and role of development in decreasing urban problems, appropriate application of social justice resources and consequently improving the quality of urban life. The study is applied in nature, documentary investigation and standard ranking methods are used.
Finally, it is concluded that applying sustainable development prevents environmental devastation, social injustice, destroying and changing land uses, incompatibility with other land uses. This will in turn provide the necessary context for appropriate urban development and citizen comfort. Planning based on the urban environment is the first step for the implementation of this goal.
Darab Fattahpour
Volume 22, SEPEHR , April 2013, , Pages 47-50
Abstract
Specific geographic conditions, climatic diversity and special topographic and geomorphic situation of Iran shows unique potentials for ecotourism which is mainly based on the natural extent of geographic areas in western parts of Iran. Yet, tourism and especially nature tourism (eco-tourism) has not ...
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Specific geographic conditions, climatic diversity and special topographic and geomorphic situation of Iran shows unique potentials for ecotourism which is mainly based on the natural extent of geographic areas in western parts of Iran. Yet, tourism and especially nature tourism (eco-tourism) has not been well-developed in this country which shows diverse potentials for the development of ecotourism. Therefore, it is beneficial to consider this issue at local and national level and provide the possibility of changing the poor and isolated areas of western Iran which act as the traditional supporter of their surrounding area.
Mohammad Khoshniyyat
Volume 22, SEPEHR , April 2013, , Pages 102-109
Abstract
Human beings have always sought to find ways for coping with their routine life issues and predict future plans which guarantee their future and enable them to exploit surrounding space in the best possible way. Therefore, they innovated and created new things to accomplish their goals and realize their ...
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Human beings have always sought to find ways for coping with their routine life issues and predict future plans which guarantee their future and enable them to exploit surrounding space in the best possible way. Therefore, they innovated and created new things to accomplish their goals and realize their fantasies.
We can refer to the invention of computer and subsequently Internet as some of the instances which have caused a wonderful change in the world.
Now, we face a situation in which different countries, even the small and unimportant ones, have passed traditional and old methods and reached towards planning large-scale economic goals with a special emphasis on information technology and e-tourism to attract customers and exploit its enormous benefits for the economic development of their countries.
Due to rich cultural, artistic, historical and climatic resources, our country possesses a huge potential in attracting tourists which with a purposeful planning and appropriate introduction of potentials in tourism, can provide the requirements for employment and economic flourishing.
The present article considers nature and concept of electronic tourism and focuses on different dimensions of this kind of tourism. Results indicate that regarding abundant potentials in tourism and numerous technical, technological and human force possibilities, Iran must use tourism development, especially electronic tourism, to reach economic and social sustainable development.
Ali Hassanvandi
Volume 21, Issue 82 , September 2012, , Pages 89-91
Abstract
Currently, there is an increased global interest in influences and consequences of some agricultural activities performed to improve the production level, like increasing amount of inputs such as chemical fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, etc. on the environment and society. Furthermore, wastewater ...
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Currently, there is an increased global interest in influences and consequences of some agricultural activities performed to improve the production level, like increasing amount of inputs such as chemical fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, etc. on the environment and society. Furthermore, wastewater produced by washing stockyards and chicken farms create a large and widespread area covered by different kinds of pollutions.
It has been estimated that less than 1 percent of poison used in America is practically used for pests and the other 99 percent are wasted and released in the environment. 20 years ago every extra ton of fertilizer would add 15 to 20 tons to the global crop production, but today the same amount of extra fertilizer increase the production by only 5 to 10 tons (Hosseini, Shariati, Jihad Sh 258). Environmental factor is one of the factors that should be considered in rural development, as preserving the environment and its values in the face of various pollutions and destructions is very important. In performing rural development plan, soil and water degradation must be avoided with all means.
The present article studies and investigates environmental issues like soil erosion, forest degradation, chemical poisons and fertilizers, etc. in rural development. Afterwards, the importance and necessity of biological issues in rural development, case study and finally the consequences are analyzed.
Parivash Karami
Volume 21, Issue 82 , September 2012, , Pages 110-112
Abstract
According to the Greek scholar, Eratosthenes (194 BC), geography is the study of Earth as the place for human beings. In studying the Earth, geography faces different physical and human factors.Human-environment relation is the underlying concept of geography. Environment consists of natural, human and ...
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According to the Greek scholar, Eratosthenes (194 BC), geography is the study of Earth as the place for human beings. In studying the Earth, geography faces different physical and human factors.Human-environment relation is the underlying concept of geography. Environment consists of natural, human and social environments in which human beings have multiple actions and roles to play. Understanding the environment and using geographic capacities and capabilities like seas, lakes, ponds, waterfalls, forests, plantations, mountains, and sacred, ancient and cultural centers, it is possible to attract tourists and endeavor for development and income increase. As the main element of tourism in spatial crystallization, environment plays an important role in attracting tourists and provide diverse tools. Generally, the focus of geographic environment is on society and it is not possible to separate physical and spatial conditions. Every geographic perspective reveals human consistency and alignment with spatial conditions. Since every geographic area has its specific features, natural and cultural attractions are formed in accordance with them and thus there are different areas of tourism.
Mohammad Ghasemi Siani; Hossein Kalantari Khalil Abad
Volume 20, Issue 80 , February 2012, , Pages 72-78
Abstract
Rural areas account for a large part of the population and natural and biological areas of the country and play a major role in the economic and social life of the country. In this regard, the rural environment needs a special attention in the process of planning sustainable rural development and improving ...
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Rural areas account for a large part of the population and natural and biological areas of the country and play a major role in the economic and social life of the country. In this regard, the rural environment needs a special attention in the process of planning sustainable rural development and improving the quality of the environment. Environment is one of the sensitive and vulnerable dimensions of villages that are less affected by pollutants than cities. However, the expansion of urban consumption patterns and the influx of some urban pollutants into rural areas and the change in the pattern of consumption in villagers have led to environmental and healthy life degradation in rural areas.
In this article, the aim is to provide strategies for improving the rural environment which has been studied through descriptive-analytical method of the subject. Also, considering the role of public participation in protecting the rural environment and achieving sustainable rural development, issues including rural waste management methods, rural green space management and rural wastewater disposal methods have been addressed as effective factors in protecting the rural environment and creating healthy life. Noting that many villages in the country have not properly implemented appropriate methods of environmental protection such as waste disposal, sewage disposal and green space management, and their poor performance in attracting public participation, the sustainable development of villages has not come to fruition. The results of this paper show that if the correct way of protecting the environment is applied in the villages, many diseases common in villages will be eradicated and the villages will become closer to sustainable development.
Sa'di Mohammadi
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, , Pages 93-101
Abstract
Today, the colossal tourism industry, especially domestic tourism, has a special place in the countries and has an active and effective role in promoting the economic, social and cultural structure of the countries, especially in the developing countries. In this regard, rural tourism is also part of ...
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Today, the colossal tourism industry, especially domestic tourism, has a special place in the countries and has an active and effective role in promoting the economic, social and cultural structure of the countries, especially in the developing countries. In this regard, rural tourism is also part of the tourism industry, which can play an important role in empowering local people and diversifying their economic growth as well as creating new employment opportunities in close connection with other economic sectors. Rural tourism is one of the relatively good rural development grounds that can provide opportunities and facilities especially for rural employment and income, and have an effective role in the revival and renovation of rural areas. The optimal utilization of rural tourism potential as a complementary strategy for rural development can be considered as a sure step for the promotion and development of rural spaces of the country in all economic, social, cultural and environmental dimensions. Therefore, the present paper illustrates the potentials of rural areas for rural tourism and the impact of tourism on rural development.
Yeganeh Sepasi; Afshin Danekar
Volume 18, Issue 72 , February 2010, , Pages 14-20
Abstract
The islands, as special structures formed by various geological reasons, are of significant importance. Geological factors cause the islands to be of different types (including continental, oceanic, and coral). On the other hand, owing to the isolation of the island's environment, many aspects of life ...
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The islands, as special structures formed by various geological reasons, are of significant importance. Geological factors cause the islands to be of different types (including continental, oceanic, and coral). On the other hand, owing to the isolation of the island's environment, many aspects of life on the islands are unique, which makes living in the islands different from life on the continents in various ways. Issues such as isolation, access, vulnerability and biogeographic theories of islands are considered to be among exclusive features of the islands. Furthermore, due to the particular characteristics of the islands, development in them should be carried out with special considerations in order not to damage their fragile ecosystem.
Leila Shafi'ei Ardestani; Majid Mofidi Shemirani
Volume 18, Issue 71 , November 2009, , Pages 38-46
Abstract
Consideration of climatic and regional criteria, prevention of destruction of main ecosystems, maintaining the health of urban areas and preserving natural resources and energy are very important factors in designing sustainable residential complexes, because the primary nucleus of the formation of cities ...
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Consideration of climatic and regional criteria, prevention of destruction of main ecosystems, maintaining the health of urban areas and preserving natural resources and energy are very important factors in designing sustainable residential complexes, because the primary nucleus of the formation of cities are residential units, which create residential complexes on their own premises. In this article, after recognizing and studying the role of geographic factors in creating natural cooling in warm regions of the country, the principles governing the design of residential complexes are formulated with the aim of achieving the process of designing sustainable residential complexes in three large, medium and small scales with the emphasis on natural cooling solutions. In this regard, among various ways of providing physical comfort, application of static and supra-static systems, with the maximum utilization of natural energies, has a very effective role in reducing the short-term and long-term costs associated with the provision of facilities and equipment for building.
Hojjat Mahkouei
Volume 18, Issue 71 , November 2009, , Pages 68-71
Abstract
Places have fundamental differences in terms of scale and natural characteristics; in a complex way, they are overlapping and interdependent. Therefore, no map of the places in the world can be drawn to show definite boundaries. There are many examples of difference in places: Sand Book (1984), about ...
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Places have fundamental differences in terms of scale and natural characteristics; in a complex way, they are overlapping and interdependent. Therefore, no map of the places in the world can be drawn to show definite boundaries. There are many examples of difference in places: Sand Book (1984), about changing the spatial distribution of the industry and moving it away from interconnected urban areas - which turned out as a motivation for a full research program with general title of "Localising Program "-, explains this matter through local fabric. Every place bounded by a border is a land whose characteristics can be clearly expressed; its boundaries can be defined - whether on the ground or on the map - these borders can be defended, and their qualities can be specified. Therefore, governments’ understanding of the locating process is important for understanding how contemporary society behaves; the economy associated with the place of the capitalist system is based on competition. The provision of the interests of every place’s inhabitants has to be largely based on opposition to the interests of the inhabitants of other places, which often require the spread of positive view of the fellow-citizens and negative opinions towards the strangers. For sustainable urban development, the characteristics of the place where the city is set or is intended to be set is of great and decisive importance. The development of urban location is one of the basic steps taken by the governments for the well-being of the people living in the city. Since humans are interdependent and not able to live, progress, and develop without communication, places of human life, whether rural or urban areas are interdependent and related to each other in a way that It is not possible for one to develop without the others; this mutual interaction of places will cause their development. The nature of places can be summarized as follows: 1. Places are created by society. 2. Places make their own counterparts. 3. People have control over places and can change them. 4. Locations are not separate and independent from each other. In this research, we tried to investigate the relationship between city location and sustainable urban development as well as city location’s role in urban places; the method of research is descriptive-analytic.
Faranak Seifoddini; Musa Panahandekhah
Volume 17, Issue 68 , February 2008, , Pages 19-24
Abstract
Land and its assignment to various urban activities such as residence, work, leisure, etc., in other words, land use planning has always been a major activity in urban life. The land use planning during the history of urban development and urban civil engineering, especially in the last century, has ...
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Land and its assignment to various urban activities such as residence, work, leisure, etc., in other words, land use planning has always been a major activity in urban life. The land use planning during the history of urban development and urban civil engineering, especially in the last century, has had different approaches and perspectives. Each of these perspectives, in turn, has affected this science and fulfilled some of its goals, but the last view that seems to satisfy all the objectives of land use planning for residents is the perspective of stable development, since it has a comprehensive view of urban land use (economic, social, physical, and environmental) and thus can be successful in establishing an efficient and correct relationship between all aspects of urban life. In this article, after introducing different perspectives on the land use system and their impacts, the notion of sustainable development in land use planning will be described and in the following, identification of policies and strategies that will help to achieve stability in relation to planning process will be addressed.
Alireza Taghian
Volume 9, Issue 36 , February 2000, , Pages 51-55
Abstract
In this paper, while presenting a history of the studies conducted on the Zard river, the Jareh Dam and their characteristics, the hydrologic features, agricultural potentials and demographic qualities of the Zard River Basin have been considered and, after providing with a brief account of the conditions ...
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In this paper, while presenting a history of the studies conducted on the Zard river, the Jareh Dam and their characteristics, the hydrologic features, agricultural potentials and demographic qualities of the Zard River Basin have been considered and, after providing with a brief account of the conditions and the process of locating dams, the aims and process of locating the Jareh dam have been examined in terms of spatial planning, and the necessity of further studies and taking due measurements for reducing the negative effects of dam building in the upstream region have been emphasized.