Geographic Data
Mojtaba Ghadiri Masoum; Hamid Afshari
Abstract
Extended AbstractIntroductionNowadays, tourism is widely accepted as a fundamental basis of development. As a sector of economy, tourism is considered to be one of the most important activities of contemporary human beings, which not only makes dramatic changes to the landscape, and political, economic, ...
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Extended AbstractIntroductionNowadays, tourism is widely accepted as a fundamental basis of development. As a sector of economy, tourism is considered to be one of the most important activities of contemporary human beings, which not only makes dramatic changes to the landscape, and political, economic, and cultural condition, but also transforms lifestyle of many individuals. The contemporary world considers tourism as one of the most important sectors of the tertiary industry which affects job creation and income generation, results in significant economic growth, and consequently provides the prerequisites for sustainable development of different societies. Iran is among the top 10 countries of the world in terms of tourist attractions, possessing many sites with potential attractions. Thus, tourism can be considered as an effective tool in dealing with economic problems of the country. As the basis of sustainable development, tourism can solve some problems of the country and thus, development of its infrastructure results in optimal allocation of available resources. The present study seeks to investigate the overall condition of tourism infrastructure in Markazi province. Previous studies in France, Austria, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Thailand and Japan indicate that their tourism sector has developed rapidly and now aids other sectors of the economy. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of necessary infrastructure for the development of this industry can result in a more dynamic rural economy. Materials & MethodsThis applied study has a descriptive-comparative design and its study area includes all counties of Markazi Province. Library method and questionnaires were used for data collection. Statistical data and information were collected from the General Directorate of Cultural Heritage, Tourism and Handicrafts of Markazi Province and the statistical yearbook (2015) of this province. In accordance with Delfi method and targeted sampling, related indices were sent to 17 rural development experts and specialists via Email. It should be noted that some of these experts had previous experience in tourism. Finally, 10 completed questionnaires were received. PROMETHEE multifunctional decision-making model was also used to determine the overall condition of counties in Markazi Province in relation to tourism infrastructure.Since the present study seeks to classify counties in Markazi province, the first function of this technique has been used. An appropriate weight is first assigned to each of the 20 indices of tourism infrastructure using Delphi method. Then, these weights are evaluated and measured along with the value of each component and option in Visual PROMETHEE software. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate relations between variables more comprehensively. SPSS 26 and Smart PLS 3 software were also used to analyze the data. Results & DiscussionFindings indicate that Arak with a value of 0.7739 has ranked first among the counties. Several factors can be the reason: First, as the capital of the province, Arak possesses better facilities, larger population, etc. Second, as the main access road connecting neighboring provinces, Arak has developed more than other counties. With a value of 0.4673, Saveh has the second rank. Saveh also contains the access road connecting some of neighboring provinces and is located near Tehran. Thus, a strong industrial town has developed in this county attracting many workers with different ethnicities seeking employment and income. Due to these factors, relatively good facilities have developed in Saveh. With a value of 0.3536, Shazand has ranked third. Due to its proximity to Arak (the capital of the province), this county has attracted large industries such as petrochemical industry along with suitable facilities and infrastructure. Khomein (0.3166), Delijan (0.0168), Mahalat (-0.1023), Tafresh (-0.1634), Khandab (-0.3002), Zarandieh (-0.3266), Farahan (-0.3320), Ashtian (-0.3514) and Komijan (-0.3523) are next in rank.Analyzing the relationships between variables indicates that service-related components (0.279) and transportation-related components (0.096) have the most powerful direct influence on the level of development and other variables are next in rank. ConclusionFindings of the present study and previous studies indicate that centrality and population can be considered as influential factors resulting in easier access to desirable and appropriate facilities in different countries of the world. However, such a difference is not observed between different regions in developed countries due to their integrated development. Developing countries such as Iran lack such an integrated development environment and thus, the condition in provincial capitals is much more different from other counties. As indicated in the present study, the level of development in Arak was much higher than other counties of Markazi province. Therefore, an appropriate plan is required for other counties to achieve sustainable development, and especially sustainable tourism development.
Nasser Rezaei; Farzad Mirzaee; Rahmatollah Monshizadeh
Abstract
Extended Abstract Introduction The development of tourism throughout the world, and its ever-increasing economic importance has paved the way for the development of rural tourism and its impact on the rural development. Initially, this concept took shape by the development of urbanization, the rapid ...
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Extended Abstract Introduction The development of tourism throughout the world, and its ever-increasing economic importance has paved the way for the development of rural tourism and its impact on the rural development. Initially, this concept took shape by the development of urbanization, the rapid growth of transportation system, rising families’ incomes, and more attention paid to the way of spending leisure time in the country in the big cities and villages around them. First, Iran enjoys a great variety of cultural, historical and natural attractions, and is ranked high among the countries of the world in terms of capabilities. Furthermore villagers account for 30% of the total population of the country, and the revenues from the agricultural sector are not sufficient for creating the job opportunities and the income needed for the villagers. Therefore, working on is essential to provide the ground for social and economic development in rural areas. In order to explain the role of tourism in rural development, a comprehensive study has been carried out on the Moridan area and the factors contributing to this development have been evaluated. Finally, considering the capabilities, facilities and limitations in the region, an appropriate method was proposed. Methodology The research method is descriptive-analytic and the information was collected through library studies. The information and statistics related to the government departments were obtained from them and the field studies were carried out through questionnaires and interviews. People needed for selecting the target population of the research were chosen for interview, using the Cochran’s formula (with 95% of sample volume n=38) and from among 318 habitants of 11 villages and 20 families in order to increase its capability of generalizability using the descriptive and inferential statistics obtained from the research. Therefore, the collected data were entered into the periodic table and the standard deviation was determined using descriptive statistics, for all cases. Discussion The village of Moridan is located near the county of Langroud. The study on the social, economic and natural structure of the region shows that agriculture, gardening and stock raising are among the most fundamental economic activities in the region, which is not able to meet the needs of local people on its own. Concerning the geography of the region and taking different aspects into account, tourism is considered to be the safest and most effective economic activity for the villages of the region. The following process was pursued in performing this research regarding the economic impacts of tourism in the region and to realize its objectives: 318 people were asked to fill out the questionnaires. 148 of those people had an average age of 45-65, which is considered the largest group, accounting for 46.7% of the total number of interviewees. Interviewees over the age of 65 account for the least number among the different groups. 33% of the interviewees were government’s employees, and 58% were self-employed. The education level of most of the interviewees was under high school diploma and about 35% of them had university degrees. Two significant economic variables were considered in performing the research, namely, the creation of job opportunities and the amount of income. In the studies done on the created job opportunities, directly or indirectly, as the result of tourism industry growth, the number of the region’s tourists and the number of the jobs created were directly proportional to each other and, regarding the impact of tourism development on the number of the jobs in the region, the opinions of the majority of the interviewees were positive (x=4.8) (very high). This issue was quite obvious, especially due to the number of villas and towns in the region (x=4.7) and, has also had a significant impact relating the role of development. 4.49% of respondents had positive opinions on the creation of new jobs and its impact on preventing the migration of young people to large cities, which is a remarkable percentage. Results Regarding the increase in the average family income, the interviewees confirmed its positive impact (x=4.42). Considering the increase in the average family income due to investing in construction, as well as the provision and distribution of construction materials in the region, and finally, tourism development, families have emphasized on the positive and key role of tourism in mass construction and consequently, the job opportunities. These opportunities include engineers, construction workers, masons, construction material workers, architects, etc. Considering the increase in family income, the provision of some rural items and handicrafts for tourists, tourists have emphasized the sale of rural products, handicrafts and dairy products to tourists, which represent the increase in the families’ income (x=4.41). Regarding the positive role of tourism, most respondents have also emphasized on the increase of the families’ income (x=4.55). The results also indicate that the growth of the capital owned by families is through the sale of their lands (x 4.55). Overall, the findings of the research show that, tourism has a positive economic impact on the rural regions of interest and are also the basis for the proper growth of agriculture and stock raising in the region, and this is in close relation with the rapid growth of the activities related to tourism in the villages. Tourism has proven to be an appropriate means of growth and can help improve the quality of life, create job opportunities and increase the income of families. Planning for performing tourism activities through enacting rules and regulations can help promote the region’s economy. The realization of the aforementioned objectives is subject to the provision of proposals in the form of short and long-term plans.
Akbar Moradi; Mohammad Reza Malek
Abstract
Extended Abstract Introduction The combination of spatial analysis, different methods of positioning and mobile and ubiquitous processing, positioning technology such as global positioning systems and a part of spatial analyses and GIS equipment have led to the emergence of a new trend as context-aware ...
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Extended Abstract Introduction The combination of spatial analysis, different methods of positioning and mobile and ubiquitous processing, positioning technology such as global positioning systems and a part of spatial analyses and GIS equipment have led to the emergence of a new trend as context-aware and mobile GIS. One of the context-aware services that has been welcomed by most people is location-based services. Location-based services provide services to users using the user’s position. Tourism is one of the areas that can be focused based on these applications. Tourists need structured information that is available to them at any moment and any place. This information helps them to justify their position to the place that may be new and unfamiliar to them. It helps them to find their desired locations and the best path which leads to that location. Context-aware systems match their behavior based on these contexts by examining the user’s current contexts. Materials & Methods To design and implement a context-aware tourism system, we initially should identify effective contexts, and specify and model the effect of each of these contexts. In this research, location context is used to provide services such as finding the right places like tourist spots, historical sites, gas stations, restaurants, hotels, hospitals, etc. which are close to user location, map graphic displaying , and to optimize the tour schedule. The user movement speed is another effective context in context-aware systems. Provision of information for users with different speeds is varied. Another effective context in providing services to tourists is the user movement direction. Direction can have different applications in providing information to tourists. For example, map details increase in the user movement direction or the map magnification changes according to the movement direction. For example, the size of the symbols of locations on the map can be changed according to the user’s direction. Time context is another important in providing information to tourists. This context may be dotted during a day or a period. One of the time application in the provision of information is the working time of different place. Results & Discussion Designing and implementation of a context-aware information system is usually complicated. It is well clear that mobility creates some challenges in these systems. Therefore, an operating system is needed to take the users and tourists’ demands into consideration in a dynamic environment. Context-aware applications aim to meet these needs and select various aspects of context such as the tourist or user’s current location, time, and other activities. In addition, increasing the amount of data makes it difficult to get access to this information through mobile equipment used by tourists. Accessing and finding the necessary information at the right time and with the right level of detail is very important for tourists. A questionnaire survey was designed to evaluate the system. A number of experts in tourism, municipality, and also citizens were asked to use the system for providing a comparison with non-context-aware systems. The results revealed that the proposed system was more efficient in terms of being easy to understand, having the necessary information, providing timely information for users, etc. Conclusion In this research, a context-aware system was designed and implemented to provide information to tourists in the city of Maragheh. The system provides related information to tourists based on contexts, such as location, movement speed, movement direction, the type of path and time context. The system introduced new contexts, that is, speed and direction. Some of the services in this system for tourists are creating tourism tours based on the type of attractions such as historic sites, sports sites, etc. In addition, the tourists can choose the type of path based on their preferences such as the shortest path, the most beautiful path, and the path of shopping centers. The implemented system was given to 20 users including 17 tourists, 2 municipality experts, and1 tourism expert for assessment. The results showed that an average of about 83.33% of users were satisfied with the implementation of the system and recommended it for using by other tourists.
sajad ferdowsi; Hamid Reza Shahmohammadi; Mahboobeh Jalali
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction
In recent years, the economic benefits of tourism has attracted attention of many countries that have maritime border. In this regard, Caspian Sea which located in the northern part of Iran, has special potential in the field of tourism and it can be seen a bright future ...
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Extended Abstract
Introduction
In recent years, the economic benefits of tourism has attracted attention of many countries that have maritime border. In this regard, Caspian Sea which located in the northern part of Iran, has special potential in the field of tourism and it can be seen a bright future in the field of tourism just with a holistic approach in this field. Meanwhile, climate is the most important factor in tourism development. General Specifications of Destination Weather and daily, monthly and seasonal changes, temperature, precipitation, humidity, radiation, wind and other elements of the climate are important information for tourism destinations so that the applicant can plan in terms of travel time, type of clothing and equipment required. Tourism climatology includes a variety of topics about two applied issues of climate and tourism which is linked to the principles of atmospheric science, and in particular the study of climate on the one hand, and tourism, recreation and leisure on the other. In general, the present study seeks to answer the following question: What are the most appropriate timeframe for the development of tourism on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea?
Materials & Methods
In this research, the southern margin of the Caspian Sea, including three provinces of Golestan, Mazandaran and Gilan, as areas adjacent to the sea, have been studied and analyzed. Accordingly, 15 cities of Mazandaran province, 4 cities of Golestan province and 9 cities of Gilan province are located on the southern margin of the Caspian Sea that they are analyzed in terms of tourism climate index. The present study has been done on the method of descriptive- analytical and with aims of identifying the most desirable periods of climatic conditions for the development of tourism. The required data is obtained by method of library through documents, journals and books. In this regard, the required climatic parameters were collected from 2010 to 2014 in a 5-year period. In order to determination the appropriate timeframe for tourism development has been used from the method of TCI (Tourism Climate Indicator).
Results & Discussion
Based on the collected data, the TCI was calculated for each of cities along the Caspian Sea with a description of its descriptive class in different months of the year. The analysis of TCI indicate that respectively June and July are the most desirable time in terms of climate for the presence of tourists on the coast and the Caspian Sea. So that of the 28 neighboring cities of the Caspian Sea in June, there are 6 cities with very good climatic conditions, 6 cities with good climatic conditions, 12 cities with acceptable climatic conditions and 4 cities with low favorable climate conditions. Also In July, there are 6 points with very good conditions, 4 points with good conditions, 15 points with acceptable conditions and 3 points with low favorable climate conditions. In the meantime, in terms of the desirability of the climatic conditions, after June and July, the months of September, August, April, March, October, January, May, February, November and December are located.
Conclusion
In this research, the climatic conditions of the southern margin of the Caspian Sea, as one of the most important criteria for the development of tourism, were investigated. The results indicate that the southern margins of the Caspian Sea, each within a given time period, can provide favorable climatic conditions in order to attract tourists to these beaches. Somehow that in most of the months of the year you can see the favorable climate conditions for tourism in the area adjacent to the sea. The results of TCI indicate that over the years it can be seen areas with desirable climatic conditions in the Caspian Sea which it can be provided growth and development of tourism in this area with planning in appropriate time and place. Desirability of climatic conditions in the four months and coincided with the beginning of summer vacation, is a special opportunity to promote tourism and benefit from its significant economic advantages. In this regard the months of June, July, August and September is the most desirable periods for planning to presence of tourists and delivery of services to them. Also the months of April, March, October, January, May, February, November and December due to desirability climatic conditions are the next priority. Of course this does not mean that in these months, tourism remains silent, but the ratings is only Desirability of climate in different months. In fact, in almost all months of the year can be seen a favorable climate for the tourism in the area neighboring the sea.
Mojtaba Yamani; Fatemeh Yusefi; Anvar Moradi; Musa Abbasi; mohsen barzkar
Abstract
Abstract[1]
In this research, 10 variables of elevation, slope, slope direction, soil, lithology, land cover, communication roads, fault, flood potential and landslide potential have been used in order to plan land use for tourism development with multi-factor evaluation approach for the study area.
In ...
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Abstract[1]
In this research, 10 variables of elevation, slope, slope direction, soil, lithology, land cover, communication roads, fault, flood potential and landslide potential have been used in order to plan land use for tourism development with multi-factor evaluation approach for the study area.
In this research, different maps with different scales, ARC GIS10 software, and ‘Super Decisions’ software were used. In the next step, variables were evaluated using ANP and AHP models and according to experts’ opinions. Then, using the spatial analyzers in the GIS environment, the outputs were derived from the reference maps, and while overlapping these maps in GIS environment using algebraic sum operator, the final output was obtained as land use zoning for spatial zonation of tourism.The results were calculated in three qualitative classes, forbidden, contingent and permitted, and showed that about 21% of the region is eligible for development of tourism and about 42% of the region has the potential to develop only conditionally with the ecological aspects observation. About 37% of the region shows the prohibition of tourism development as well. In areas that are permitted for tourism development, in case of favorableuse and provision of facilities and welfare services and appropriate promotion, their potential can be used to develop sustainable tourism and to establish the economic balance of different regions especially in underdeveloped and rural areas. The results of this research can be used as an index for the development of appropriate and optimal applications within the framework of economic plans in the region.
[1] - به دلیل کیفیت نامناسب متن چکیده مبسوط انگلیسیِ ارائه شده توسط نویسنده مسئول مقاله، نشریه به ناچار اقدام به ترجمه مجدد متن چکیده فارسی و انتشار آن به جای چکیده مبسوط انگلیسی نموده است.
Bahman Karegar
Abstract
Rural tourism is one of the tourism types that attracts more enthusiasts every day andIt is expected that the rural areas to become one of the most important tourist destinations in the future, an issue that many countries have managed to improve their social and economic conditions.
Therefore, by using ...
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Rural tourism is one of the tourism types that attracts more enthusiasts every day andIt is expected that the rural areas to become one of the most important tourist destinations in the future, an issue that many countries have managed to improve their social and economic conditions.
Therefore, by using SWOT analysis (matrix) in this study, effective indices in the development of sustainable tourism based on field observations, opinions of experts involved in rural development and tourism have been studied and evaluated.
The results show that among the studied indices, the existence of unique tourism attraction in terms of housing and architecture in the target village is considered as the most important point of strength, the index of shortage and inappropriateness of residences and residential places for tourists as the most important weakness, and the index of environmental destruction as a threat to the sustainable tourism development of the village studied.
Ali Khaksari; Maryam Abbasi
Volume 22, Issue 88 , January 2014, , Pages 106-114
Abstract
Over time, Tourism industry has reached such a brilliance and economic justification which has made it the third most beneficial industry (after oil and transportation industry). Although Iran is among the ten top countries of the world regarding historical, cultural and natural resources, it assumes ...
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Over time, Tourism industry has reached such a brilliance and economic justification which has made it the third most beneficial industry (after oil and transportation industry). Although Iran is among the ten top countries of the world regarding historical, cultural and natural resources, it assumes less than 1 percent of global earnings in tourism industry. Chahar Mahal va Bakhtiari, and especially Kouhrang is a beautiful area with a pleasant climate surrounded by high mountains of Zagros mountain range. The appropriate climate condition provides a situation for the development of tourism departments. The existence of many natural attractions is one of the distinguished features of the area, and we can hope to develop the tourism industry of the area by establishing appropriate tourism infrastructures and exploiting their capabilities in tourist attraction. The present article seeks to identify the tourism potentials of Kouhrang area and provide appropriate solutions for the tourism development of the area. Using Delphi questionnaire, field study, and interview, it identifies tourism potentials of the area and defines weak and strong points, threats and opportunities according to SWOT method, while weighting and prioritizing the strategies mentioned for the development of tourism in Kouhrang area. Analyses indicate that Cheshme Kouhrang waterfall, Sheykh Ali Khan waterfall, Chema ice cave, Dime spring, Emam Zade Sar Aqa Seyed, Chelgard ski resort, Lalehaye Vajgoon plain are among the tourism attractions of the area. In order to develop tourism in the studied area, tourism development programs must prioritize conservative strategy.
Rahim Sarvar; Parvin Parvizian
Volume 22, SEPEHR , July 2013, , Pages 61-66
Abstract
Today, tourism certainly can be a sustainable resource of income. In areas with higher density, there is higher needs for a place to spend leisure time on one hand and on the other hand the need for employment is more severely felt. Shahreyar with a population of one million is a large population center ...
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Today, tourism certainly can be a sustainable resource of income. In areas with higher density, there is higher needs for a place to spend leisure time on one hand and on the other hand the need for employment is more severely felt. Shahreyar with a population of one million is a large population center in Tehran province. A large part of this population depends on Tehran or Karaj for their income and even for spending their free time which results in increasing traffic jams of these metropolises. The area is a green plain covered with fruit gardens whose beauty and maintenance depends on planning and increasing the benefits of garden owners. Otherwise, these gardens will end in the construction section as it has happened in the last few years. In the present research, the area was investigated from different perspectives and field information were collected. Results indicate that the area is in need of powerful planners with the capability of long term planning and providing the necessary requirements to attract capital and create confidence for investment in building new creative contexts and eliminating or minimizing limitations and obstacles. Obviously, green plain of Shahreyar has more powerful rivals like towns in North of Tehran and if it is going to maintain its status, new plans must be implemented in the area.
Hosseyn Mohammadi; Taghi Karimian; Madjid Rahmani
Volume 22, Issue 85 , May 2013, , Pages 127-145
Abstract
Today tourism, as a phenomena affecting the process of development, has attracted much attention. It has profound effects on human life from different aspects: economic, cultural social , environmental and physical. Climate, as an important aspect of natural environment affects humanlife considerably ...
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Today tourism, as a phenomena affecting the process of development, has attracted much attention. It has profound effects on human life from different aspects: economic, cultural social , environmental and physical. Climate, as an important aspect of natural environment affects humanlife considerably and the effect of climate not only leads to the development of tourism, but also it produces demand for tourist services. This study uses a descriptive analytical method and by referring to the related documents inspects contribution of travel and tourism in socio-economic development of countries. Also, analysis carbon emission sources, predict all categories of travel and tourism and specify the most prominent measures against emission in each sector and the entire unit. In addition, this research presents the critical role of contribution in innovations in each part within the unit and in other industrial sectors (e.g.energy). the speed and reduce the allocation criteria pollutants offers. The purpose of this paper is identifying specific pollutant of travel and tourism and measures of preventing the pollutants. The results show that pollutants of the transport sectore of travel and tourism will grow at 2% per year until 2035.
Heydar Lotfi; Mahdiyeh Momeni; Azam Zarandi
Volume 22, SEPEHR , April 2013, , Pages 25-32
Abstract
Today, tourism industry is one the most important ways by which governments can make money and related organizations and offices try to develop this industry. Regarding its particular geographic situation, Iran possess diverse vegetation and animal life which along with an investment on tourism industry ...
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Today, tourism industry is one the most important ways by which governments can make money and related organizations and offices try to develop this industry. Regarding its particular geographic situation, Iran possess diverse vegetation and animal life which along with an investment on tourism industry can provide beautiful views for visitors. Kavir national park is one of these areas. Due to its particular geographic position, Kavir national park has the potential of turning into an important tourist attraction. Diversity of vegetation, animal life and land forms have changed it into an ideal place for eco-tourists. Moreover, well-known Qasre-Bahram, Ein-ol Rashid caravanserai and its water supplying system have increased the attractions of the park. It is located near Tehran and Garmsar and this is of great value for those people who more than ever need to go into nature and refresh. Those who know Siah-kuh and Qasre-Bahram will never forget the memories of National park nights with that sky full of stars. The present article investigates the opportunities and limitations of the area and suggests completing routes to the area with the cooperation of public and private sections and taking necessary steps to disclose the area for eco-tourists. So that the necessary requirements for developing the area and sustainable development of tourism industry will be provided. Moreover with the introduction of this treasure of the desert, we can increase the number of those interested in the intact nature of Iran.
Mohammad Khoshniyyat
Volume 22, SEPEHR , April 2013, , Pages 102-109
Abstract
Human beings have always sought to find ways for coping with their routine life issues and predict future plans which guarantee their future and enable them to exploit surrounding space in the best possible way. Therefore, they innovated and created new things to accomplish their goals and realize their ...
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Human beings have always sought to find ways for coping with their routine life issues and predict future plans which guarantee their future and enable them to exploit surrounding space in the best possible way. Therefore, they innovated and created new things to accomplish their goals and realize their fantasies.
We can refer to the invention of computer and subsequently Internet as some of the instances which have caused a wonderful change in the world.
Now, we face a situation in which different countries, even the small and unimportant ones, have passed traditional and old methods and reached towards planning large-scale economic goals with a special emphasis on information technology and e-tourism to attract customers and exploit its enormous benefits for the economic development of their countries.
Due to rich cultural, artistic, historical and climatic resources, our country possesses a huge potential in attracting tourists which with a purposeful planning and appropriate introduction of potentials in tourism, can provide the requirements for employment and economic flourishing.
The present article considers nature and concept of electronic tourism and focuses on different dimensions of this kind of tourism. Results indicate that regarding abundant potentials in tourism and numerous technical, technological and human force possibilities, Iran must use tourism development, especially electronic tourism, to reach economic and social sustainable development.
Dariush Abolfathi; Iesa Saraghi; Ghasem Sarempour
Volume 21, SEPEHR , February 2013, , Pages 22-27
Abstract
According to the main tourism factors mentioned in the master plan, Nahavand town is located in the second tourism district of the province. Many different natural and cultural attractions are located in Nahavand, while tourist attractions in Sarab-e Giyan forest are mainly of ecotourism kind (natural-environmental).
This ...
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According to the main tourism factors mentioned in the master plan, Nahavand town is located in the second tourism district of the province. Many different natural and cultural attractions are located in Nahavand, while tourist attractions in Sarab-e Giyan forest are mainly of ecotourism kind (natural-environmental).
This promenade is located in south Nahavand city among crowded villages and it attracts large number of tourists from the city, province and even neighboring provinces. It should be noted that Giyan historical hill is also located near the forest and Sarab-e Giyan, which according to archeologist excavation had a culture similar to Mesopotamia in 5700 year ago.
The present article seeks to determine factors influencing visitor’s willingness to pay for visiting the forest and Nahavand Sarab-e Giyan and estimate its economic-promenade valuation according to CVM analytic method.
In this article, conditional valuation method (CVM) was used for estimating economic-promenade valuation of the forest and Nahavand Sarab-e Giyan. This method tries to determine visitor’s willingness to pay (WTP) in different scenarios of the assumed market.
Hossein Hataminejad; Fariad Parhiz; Mehrdad Karami
Volume 21, Issue 82 , September 2012, , Pages 7-13
Abstract
It is possible to call tourism as the “White Industry” because in contrast to most manufacturing industries it provide the necessary prerequisites for friendship and mutual understanding between different nations and bring peace for people without polluting the environment. Industry is a ...
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It is possible to call tourism as the “White Industry” because in contrast to most manufacturing industries it provide the necessary prerequisites for friendship and mutual understanding between different nations and bring peace for people without polluting the environment. Industry is a revenue and a source of employment in national level. Tourism is an appropriate alternative and a development strategy, especially when other economic sections are making less profit. Thus, coping with low levels of income and providing new opportunities for employment and social changes are the principle reasons for the development of tourism which can provide new hopes for decreasing poverty especially in areas facing economic depression. Some advantages of this industry includes employment, bringing cash to the country, regional interaction, aiding global peace, helping investment in cultural heritage, improving the environment, improving wild life habitat, developing rural regions with tourism attractions and preventing emigration. The present article explains obstacles and negative effects of tourism and then applies descriptive-analytic method to explain society-based tourism as a solution.
Parivash Karami
Volume 21, Issue 82 , September 2012, , Pages 110-112
Abstract
According to the Greek scholar, Eratosthenes (194 BC), geography is the study of Earth as the place for human beings. In studying the Earth, geography faces different physical and human factors.Human-environment relation is the underlying concept of geography. Environment consists of natural, human and ...
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According to the Greek scholar, Eratosthenes (194 BC), geography is the study of Earth as the place for human beings. In studying the Earth, geography faces different physical and human factors.Human-environment relation is the underlying concept of geography. Environment consists of natural, human and social environments in which human beings have multiple actions and roles to play. Understanding the environment and using geographic capacities and capabilities like seas, lakes, ponds, waterfalls, forests, plantations, mountains, and sacred, ancient and cultural centers, it is possible to attract tourists and endeavor for development and income increase. As the main element of tourism in spatial crystallization, environment plays an important role in attracting tourists and provide diverse tools. Generally, the focus of geographic environment is on society and it is not possible to separate physical and spatial conditions. Every geographic perspective reveals human consistency and alignment with spatial conditions. Since every geographic area has its specific features, natural and cultural attractions are formed in accordance with them and thus there are different areas of tourism.
Esmaiil Shahkoubi
Volume 20, Issue 79 , November 2011, , Pages 52-57
Abstract
In this article, we try to determine the position of climate and geography in sustainable development of the province in relation to the tourism industry and its role in regional planning. It is tried to form such a link between the natural and historical powers of the province with climate and tourism, ...
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In this article, we try to determine the position of climate and geography in sustainable development of the province in relation to the tourism industry and its role in regional planning. It is tried to form such a link between the natural and historical powers of the province with climate and tourism, so that in addition to the Iranians, the attention of the newly independent countries of Central Asia, including Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan be attracted toward enjoying this unique natural wealth. Golestan is the "treasure of ecotourism".
Mahdi Modiri; Jabbar Salimimanesh; Mohammad Abbasi; Sajjad Bagheri Seyyed Shokri
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, , Pages 43-50
Abstract
Today, the goal of tourism planning is to fulfil the need to create sustainable planning in order to prevent the destructive effects of tourist activities on the tourist environments and areas (cities, villages, etc.), and that although tourist activities have achieved better goals and economic effects, ...
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Today, the goal of tourism planning is to fulfil the need to create sustainable planning in order to prevent the destructive effects of tourist activities on the tourist environments and areas (cities, villages, etc.), and that although tourist activities have achieved better goals and economic effects, these goals should be used to satisfy the tourists and to improve the quality of the welfare and life of local communities (residents) and human beings. The Rijab area is located in the Zagros Mountain range as a geotourist area. With its typical geomorphologic features and the presence of tourist attractions, this region has high tourist potentials. This article aims to study the capabilities and limitations of geotourism and to develop the best strategy for the prosperity and improvement of tourism management in this region. The research method is a combination of two methods of secondary and field studies. In the secondary method, in addition to the subject-related texts, some of the information needed, especially quantitative information, was gathered through referrals to libraries, departments and organizations. In field study, information was gathered through direct observation (image and video), interviews and questionnaires. Ten Delphi questionnaires were completed and then analyzed by SWOT model. Finally, internal and external factors were evaluated and the strategies of these factors were extracted. The extraction of internal and external matrices showed that WO strategies have a higher priority for implementation, and ultimately these factors, by quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), were prioritized as follows: 1- Strengthening the specialist force; 2. Construction and improvement of the status of residential-service units; 3. Protection of typical tourism attractions (especially geomorphologic); 4. vast advertisements; 5. Familiarizing local people with the culture of tourism; 6. Adding to the extent of the tourist area by utilizing the surrounding lands and the participation of investors and government.
Mina Babazadeh; Fatemeh Narges Zar
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, , Pages 74-79
Abstract
Tourism is an economic sector sensitive to the weather, and in some cases the dependence on climatological characteristics of the demand for tourism is both the source of its emergence and its limiting factor. Climate has an impact on the recreation and tourist sector and in some areas represents a natural ...
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Tourism is an economic sector sensitive to the weather, and in some cases the dependence on climatological characteristics of the demand for tourism is both the source of its emergence and its limiting factor. Climate has an impact on the recreation and tourist sector and in some areas represents a natural source based on which the tourism industry is predicted. All climatic elements play a role in the health, comfort and recreation of the people, and in attracting tourists, but the role of some elements including temperature, relative humidity, sunshine and wind are more important, which are consequently considered in this article. The impact of climatic attractions and obstacles on tourism is very important. In this paper, using the method of the Tourism Climate Index (TCI), the comfort and convenience of people in different months of the year has been calculated, using the statistics of the synoptic station of Shiraz in a 54-year statistical period, In such a way that it can determine the effect of comfort in attracting tourism in Shiraz. The TCI, which is the combined effect of climatic parameters, shows that the cool and very cool comfort coefficient is associated in most months of the year with temperatures below 20 ° C, and the months of May and September have excellent degrees of comfort, and through the rest of the months the degree of comfort is good or very good, that is within the acceptable conditions in terms of the tourists comfort. The seasonal distribution of tourist weather indicates that Shiraz has a spring peak of distribution, and it has almost the best distribution of tourist weather throughout the year, except for the cold months of the year. In general, climate has a strong impact on tourism, to a degree that it is shown that in many areas, the tourism industry is prosperous without required natural resources, due to the good weather there, and sometimes it can change the destinations of tourism through the competition among travel agencies .
Sa'di Mohammadi
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, , Pages 93-101
Abstract
Today, the colossal tourism industry, especially domestic tourism, has a special place in the countries and has an active and effective role in promoting the economic, social and cultural structure of the countries, especially in the developing countries. In this regard, rural tourism is also part of ...
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Today, the colossal tourism industry, especially domestic tourism, has a special place in the countries and has an active and effective role in promoting the economic, social and cultural structure of the countries, especially in the developing countries. In this regard, rural tourism is also part of the tourism industry, which can play an important role in empowering local people and diversifying their economic growth as well as creating new employment opportunities in close connection with other economic sectors. Rural tourism is one of the relatively good rural development grounds that can provide opportunities and facilities especially for rural employment and income, and have an effective role in the revival and renovation of rural areas. The optimal utilization of rural tourism potential as a complementary strategy for rural development can be considered as a sure step for the promotion and development of rural spaces of the country in all economic, social, cultural and environmental dimensions. Therefore, the present paper illustrates the potentials of rural areas for rural tourism and the impact of tourism on rural development.
Reza Kheirkhah
Volume 19, Issue 73 , May 2010, , Pages 53-59
Abstract
Tourism in today's world is being pursued with various goals and purposes such as the exchange of information and culture, pilgrimage, increasing knowledge, awareness of past societies and spending leisure time, and it daily rises in importance in everyday economic, social and international structures. ...
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Tourism in today's world is being pursued with various goals and purposes such as the exchange of information and culture, pilgrimage, increasing knowledge, awareness of past societies and spending leisure time, and it daily rises in importance in everyday economic, social and international structures. One of the important branches of tourism, which is nowadays very much considered, is geotourism. In fact, geotourism or geographic tourism is one of the special fields of ecotourism that introduces geological and geomorphologic phenomena and features to tourists and preserves their local identity. Due to the availability of sufficient resources, both natural and human, salt pans (kavir) can be considered as one of the focal points of geotourism in each region, and in addition to strengthening the ecotourism dimensions of the area, they can balance the economic growth around them. Having two large Markazi (central) and lout salt pans, Iran has one of the richest ecotourism and geotourism potentials in the Middle East. One of the most beautiful areas of Iran's salt pan is Maranjab area, located on the western border of Kavir Plain in Aran and Bidgol. This area has a diverse nature of desert and salt pan, many beautiful phenomena and numerous attractions. Among the geotouristic attractions of this area are: Maranjab inn, salt lake, Sargardan (wandering) island and sandy hills. The purpose of this article was to investigate the potentials and capabilities of geotourism in the Maranjab area and the type of study was descriptive-documentary. In preparing this paper, secondary sources including books, research reports and dissertations have been used and the results of field surveys, observations, etc. have been used to complement it with practical data. Finally, the author, based on the presentations, concludes the discussion and proposes appropriate strategies for developing the tourism industry in the Maranjab region, which can be generalized for other kavir districts.
Mahmoud Mahdinejad; Behnam Moghani Rahimi
Volume 19, Issue 73 , May 2010, , Pages 78-82
Abstract
The occurrence of the industrial revolution and, consequently, the emergence of unbridled urbanization created such a density of cars, iron and … in the cities, which faced the inhabitants of these places with many physical and mental problems. On the other hand, the expansion and development ...
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The occurrence of the industrial revolution and, consequently, the emergence of unbridled urbanization created such a density of cars, iron and … in the cities, which faced the inhabitants of these places with many physical and mental problems. On the other hand, the expansion and development of transportation has been so rapid and sudden that the topic of the global village is already realized and tourism has become an important and influential industry that can be the source of many changes, especially in the economic dimension. What is clear is that a country or region can be successful in this regard provided it has comprehensive plans for coherent decision-making and effective management of tourism. The main objective of this paper is to address the potentials and abilities of the urban environment of Shiraz in the field of tourism, review weaknesses and shortcomings, and finally provide some solutions for these deficiencies. Obviously, Shiraz, as the largest and most beautiful city in the southern half of the country that also suffers from numerous problems including unemployment, will be able, by taking these facts into consideration, to play an effective role in the prosperity of the region’s economy by increasing income and creating employment.
Morteza Tavakkoli; Amangaldi Sherafat Seyyed
Volume 18, Issue 70 , August 2009, , Pages 44-47
Abstract
Tourism and tourism economics are becoming one of the pillars of the world's commercial economy. In addition, many planners and policy makers consider tourism industry as the main pillar of sustainable development. Travelers and globetrotters are important sources of foreign currency, and governments ...
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Tourism and tourism economics are becoming one of the pillars of the world's commercial economy. In addition, many planners and policy makers consider tourism industry as the main pillar of sustainable development. Travelers and globetrotters are important sources of foreign currency, and governments are working day by day to expand the tourism industry and its new options. In this regard, ecotourism is a kind of tourism that, while preserving natural resources, maintains the well-being, comfort and values of the local people. In this paper, ecotourism and its developmental issues and tourist attractions are described, and ecotourism is considered as a desirable option for the development of tourism in the world as well as in Iran, and it is generally inferred that due to the position of Iran among the first five countries benefiting from the broadest climatic variation in the world, conditions are favorable for any ecotourism investment in Iran. The present research is theoretical and descriptive, conducted through the review of secondary sources and Internet search. In this article, we describe the ecotourism and its concepts, attractions of nature tourism, as well as the ecotourism attractions of Iran.
Hassan Gharahnejad; Fereshteh Behjat
Volume 17, Issue 67 , October 2008, , Pages 47-50
Abstract
Isfahan has been known for Zayandeh Rood, its “Maadees” (special ditches) and gardens from distant past, so that for the better utilization of this river, Sheikh Bahaee reformed the old regulations and its result was lushness and daily increasing prosperity since Safavid times to this day. ...
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Isfahan has been known for Zayandeh Rood, its “Maadees” (special ditches) and gardens from distant past, so that for the better utilization of this river, Sheikh Bahaee reformed the old regulations and its result was lushness and daily increasing prosperity since Safavid times to this day. Consequently, in every corner of this mythical city various gardens have been developed that are popular in the country and in the world. For many reasons, including the physical and spatial uniformity of cities with their heterogeneous and abnormal natural texture and the increasing mental pressures and environmental noise pollution, city residents have made decisions on leisure time spending.
In this article, the gardens of Isfahan during the history have been studied, and this research is based on the assumption that the gardens of Isfahan have a key role in attracting domestic and foreign tourists.
Mehran Maghsoudi; Bahram Nekouei Sadri
Volume 16, Issue 64 , February 2008, , Pages 61-64
Abstract
Geotourism, as a subcategory of ecotourism, has, along with other tourism areas such as rural, cultural, etc., a potential for employment of a great number of related professionals. This industry can have an effective role in the economic development of the country, which is why tourism industry is considered ...
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Geotourism, as a subcategory of ecotourism, has, along with other tourism areas such as rural, cultural, etc., a potential for employment of a great number of related professionals. This industry can have an effective role in the economic development of the country, which is why tourism industry is considered the most important industry in the world. Of course, the idea of a large number of experts and non-experts concerning tourism industry is merely recreational tourism, which is contrary to the new perspective of the subject in the world. In fact, today in many cases tourists from advanced societies are looking for science, culture, and ecological, geomorphologic and geologic attractions. It is worth noting that this industry is still not well known in Iran and potential capabilities of Iran have not yet been evaluated in this regard. With a variety of geomorphologic and geological structures, Iran has a wide variety in this regard and calls for new grounds in the field of tourism industry in the country. According to the abovementioned matters, the identification and marketing of geotourism and ecotourism phenomena in Iran in order to exploit this great potential is unavoidable. In this article, while studying concepts and dimensions of geotourism, it is tried to discuss some of the geotourist general qualities and attractions of Iran.
Seyyed Ramin Ghaffaari
Volume 16, Issue 63 , November 2007, , Pages 29-34
Abstract
In general, the sustainable development of the city is due to the stable, constructive and systematic interaction of man with man (in various dimensions) and man with the environment (in the natural-ecological aspect).Interactions that, over time, make the city environmentally sustainable, economically ...
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In general, the sustainable development of the city is due to the stable, constructive and systematic interaction of man with man (in various dimensions) and man with the environment (in the natural-ecological aspect).Interactions that, over time, make the city environmentally sustainable, economically durable, socially united and physically beautiful. Therefore, the present article aims to demonstrate the fact that the tourist (1) as a smart and human element and as an input of an urban system can have positive effects on the various spatial dimensions and can be a factor contributing to the sustainable development of the city. Furthermore, city and city managers, in mutual connection and in order to provide proper bases for the purpose of maximum enjoyment of the aforementioned advantages, inevitably provide the structures and infrastructures and define appropriate and proportionate functions in the city and its hinterland (2). - Creating an appropriate mentality among people, planners and managers about the role and importance of tourism (3) in sustainable urban development. - Formulating regulations and preparing conductive - comprehensive or structural - strategic plans for cities in accordance with leisure needs of citizens and the spirit of diverse experiences common among tourists. - Finally, ethical and practical commitment of urban managers to provision of financial resources and implementation of tourist projects proposed in approved urban plans and the formation of urban tourism units in municipalities. The triple levels suggested in this paper are proposed with the aim of transforming a perceptual environment (a belief) into a functional environment (objective truth), and with the goal of achieving sustainable development of the city from the perspective of tourism industry.
Mas'oud Taghva'ei; Behnam Moghani
Volume 14, Issue 55 , November 2005, , Pages 13-16
Abstract
The increasing population growth of the country over the last two decades and the exponential increase of young population make it necessary to pay attention to new strategies for creating employment. The existence of potential for tourism around the country which has made Iran a capable country in this ...
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The increasing population growth of the country over the last two decades and the exponential increase of young population make it necessary to pay attention to new strategies for creating employment. The existence of potential for tourism around the country which has made Iran a capable country in this field, and using this potential for income and employment generation can be one of these solutions. The city of Firoozabad has a relatively high population growth. Considering the tourist attractions of Firoozabad, and considering special sensitivity of young people’s employment, tourism can be used as a way for creating employment and dealing with the challenge of unemployment. Accordingly, in this paper, considering the population structure and the number of arrival of tourists to Firoozabad, a study has been made of major occupational groups and the level of employment that tourism can provide, and finally a solution has been suggested in this regard. The main method of research is analysis of the statistics and information available in relation to the purpose of the study.