Cartography and the Internet - Part I
Mahdi
Modiri
Associate Professor of Urban planning, Malek-Ashtar University of Technolog
author
text
article
2001
per
Currently, there are many computer sites that make maps accessible to users all over the world. The main reasons for their increasing expansion are:• Reduction of cost (distribution of color graphics such as maps by computer sites costs far less than printing and distributing maps on paper)• Reduction of transmission time (maps that are put on computer networks can be transmitted over a short period of time (not exceeding a few seconds) to users anywhere in the world)• Enhancing abilities (it makes interaction between GIS and users possible, so that full conversational conditions are achieved.)• Extensive use (Computer map provides users with a wide range of applications for maps)• GIS (Cartographic Information System provides basic information and topological structure of various data in the GIS “Geographic Information System”).
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
10
v.
38
no.
2001
2
7
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28507_0bc2571100dacd2def024f84edacf09f.pdf
An Introduction to Military Geography - Part VI
Seyyed Yahya
Safavi
Assistant Professor, Imam Hosein University
author
text
article
2001
per
Ground offensive forces, though with high mobility potential, if lacking air support facilities, will have to pass wide rivers by swimming or boat, and in some cases by building a bridge over the river, without decreasing their advancing speed; and this is so while the enemy's defense forces have been deployed on the other shore of the river. The passage of the Islamic Revolutionary Forces over the Arvand Roud during the Valfajr 8 Operation (Faw - Feb. 09, 1985) was an example of courageous operation and excellent military design.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
10
v.
38
no.
2001
8
10
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28509_0b365e7bb9d7c244f10f10e75581721b.pdf
Utilization of Modern Technology in Hydrography
Abbas Ali
Saleh Abadi (Translator)
Member of Faculty, School of Mapping
author
text
article
2001
per
Although multi-beam echo-sounders have been utilized to transmit and use several types of audio pulses simultaneously in hydrography (to determine the depth and topography of the sea floor) for a long time and are presented at the market for hydrographic equipment, but the extensive use of this type of echo-sounders in marine affairs and military and civilian hydrographic surveying are also very useful.Establishing port facilities and conducting surveying for such civilian applications using old methods (single-beam echo-sounders) requires utilization of a specific and orderly method of hydrography on a series of parallel and pre-designed lines, which is very difficult and time consuming to implement.
The purpose of this discussion is to provide suitable solutions for dealing with hydrographic issues in order to collect precise depth data with better quality and more density. Due to its compact size, echo-sounder can be easily fitted on small marine vessels, and can be used to fulfil the IHOS-44 standard using the great amount of depth-measurement data it collects. On the other hand, modern hydrographic equipment, in turn, necessitates proper and serious hydrographic methods and quality control of marine maps. The proposed methods renowned today are more closely linked to a series of modern hydrographic software that are easily adapted to modern equipment. The stage of processing, which is guaranteed in these equipment by certain software, is dependent on the ability and speed of the computer used for processing throughout its practice: from the stage of collecting raw depth data to application of tidal values, necessary corrections for the device and related errors, and also the stage of mapping and related calculations.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
10
v.
38
no.
2001
11
18
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28511_44ad8f561d126f708488d2b69957073f.pdf
Importance of the Internet in Rural and Agricultural Development
Ali Akbar
Najafi Kani
Master of Geography and Rural Planning
author
text
article
2001
per
The Internet is one of the new technologies that can accelerate the progress of developing countries through the approach of developmental communication. The history of these countries testifies to the fact that the transfer of technology without its adaptation with the host country's economic, social, cultural and political conditions will only lead to disruption of their internal order and balance, and eventually pushing them towards becoming an unbalanced country whose various parts are not subsystems of a national super-system. Therefore, employment and development of Internet services in these countries requires care, expertise and study, so that while considering the general conditions of the host country and the causes hindering the impact of this new technology, the scientific process of adaptation and provision of grounds be conducted in such a way that society will ultimately benefit from its advantages and undertake its guidance.
Utilization of the Internet in developing countries has grown rapidly in recent years, but this expansion is mostly an urban phenomenon, and the majority of rural communities still cannot sufficiently use the services existing in their neighboring urban communities. Therefore, relevant organizations such as FAO should lead the development and expansion of the Internet in order to meet the needs of rural and farmer communities, and the comprehensive strategy of FAO should: - Provide grounds for regional policy-making and coordination with the aim of employment of the Internet in the service of rural development. - Make the users in developing countries familiar with relevant information services available on the Internet and FAO. - Support innovative Internet applications and information services for rural development.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
10
v.
38
no.
2001
19
21
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28513_26c45b38bb55f0091f78d587a4bf772d.pdf
Control of Sand-Hill Movements and Prevention of their Harmful Effect on Vital Infrastructures
Shahram
Ghal'eh Mola'ei
author
Bahman
Rashidi
author
text
article
2001
per
One-third of land is covered with desert; characteristics of these areas include high temperature due to intensity of sunlight, severe winds, and low and dispersed precipitation over the year, which cause reduction of vegetation and dispersion of plants. One of the most effective causes of this little vegetation is the wind, whose impact in these areas is stronger than other lands. Severe winds affect lands by causing erosion and extreme changes, and ultimately create problems in construction and maintenance of vital facilities (roads, railways, power transmission lines, etc.).
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
10
v.
38
no.
2001
22
24
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28516_c2412c71101b0a93c9d7bbba49a395e5.pdf
Jupiter: the Gigantic Primary World
Zoleikha
Bagheri (Translator)
author
text
article
2001
per
• Each of the storms of Jupiter last for more than three centuries.• What does the clear color of Jupiter indicate?• There is probably no solid surface under Jupiter’s clouds.• The planet is capable of releasing radio waves with a power of 400 billion watts.• A massive five-million Ampere current is on between the Io satellite and Jupiter.• The volcanic mountains on the surface of Io revolve the satellites outward.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
10
v.
38
no.
2001
25
39
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28519_e16424910daa3ef078c3a493425a2acc.pdf
Interpretation of Aerial and Satellite Images - Part IV
Hamid
Malmirian (Translator)
author
text
article
2001
per
The earth has a very complex and variable surface. Its terrain shapes and compositional materials reflect rocky substrates and non-solid materials that are located in the lower part of the earth and always cause changes on the surface of the earth following changes in internal factors. Any type of rocks, cracks or fractures is caused by internal movements of the earth, and any erosive or sedimentary feature is a process that has led to their creation.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
10
v.
38
no.
2001
40
44
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28520_bad50ac9627259e293593bfe536a749f.pdf
An Overview of Geographic Condition of Siahrood - Rudbar Basin in Gilan Province
Jalil-al-Din
Sarvar
Assistant Professor, Department of Geography
author
text
article
2001
per
The present paper is a summary of the "Siahrood-Rudbar Basin" research project, of which I am one of the managers and advisors, and producer of its physiographic and erosion-sedimentary section. Other sections of the study (geology, climate, vegetation, soil, socioeconomic status) were carried out by a number of colleagues for Jihad-e-Sazandegi Organization of Gilan province. In this regard, the content presented here is a summary of all reports, which amount to more than a few hundred pages. I hope it will be useful for students and colleagues.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
10
v.
38
no.
2001
45
54
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28522_a009c297f163c7abe57b2cc5766e7039.pdf
The Process of Production and the Quality of Buildings in the City of Isfahan
Mohammad Reza
Varesi
Member of Faculty, University of Isfahan
author
text
article
2001
per
What is especially important in analyzing housing problems is the study of life-span of buildings as well as their quality, a task which is related to new technologies. Investigating these factors can show the need of construction andrenovation of buildings to planners with a brighter vision.The last census in 1996 shows that 34.9% of buildings of the city of Isfahan are ten years old or less. The study will have significant results in the ten districts of Isfahan.
Concerning the quality of buildings, while in the first public census of population and housing in 1956 78% of buildings of the city were made by adobe, this figure was only about 10% in 1996, including adobe, clay, wood or brick, and Instead 26.29% had metal structure or reinforced concrete and 53.39% were made by brick and iron.In this article, the quality of buildings in terms of materials as well as their age during the years of the census have been studied and a comparison has been made based on the above factors in the ten districts of the city.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
10
v.
38
no.
2001
55
59
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28525_e9854f5b84f8261823b83e6593716c53.pdf
Classification of Climatic Factors in Determination of Drought Occurrence Using the Scalogram Model (Case Study: Hamedan Province)
Ali
Baratian (Compilation)
author
text
article
2001
per
Drought is lack or inadequacy of rainfall over a long period of time, so that it leads to a lack of moisture in soil and reduces the flowing waters, thereby interrupting human activities and plant and animal life. The time between last rainfall and observation of tangible decrease in rivers’ water and soil moisture is not the same in different climates. Therefore, a precise and comprehensive definition of drought cannot be provided. For this reason, experts have each proposed a different definition of drought from different points of view.
In this paper, eleven meteorological factors that play a role in severity of dryness and drought have been selected and their effects on determination of dry years have been classified. Among these factors, six factors of precipitation, maximum daily rainfall, number of rainy days, dew point, relative humidity and cloudiness have been selected as factors reducing drought severity, and factors of maximum temperature, average temperature, sunny hours and evaporation as those intensifying drought; these factors have been classified at the synoptic meteorological station of Hamedan during the statistical period from 1989 to 1997 using the scalogram model. This classification can be applied to more factors and longer periods at each station, so that in determination of drought years, efforts will not be limited to the amount of precipitation, and other factors will be involved in calculations according to their priority.
According to the classification and use of the tables at Hamadan station, eleven meteorological factors were selected which can be named in terms of priority as follows:1. Maximum temperature 2. Minimum temperature 3. Average temperature 4. Rainfall 5. Maximum daily precipitation 6. Number of rainy days 7. Dew point 8. Relative humidity 9. Cloudiness 10. Sunny hours 11. Evaporation
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
10
v.
38
no.
2001
60
64
https://www.sepehr.org/article_28527_c00f252f589ebfef033d960c9a7e4825.pdf