Note
Mahdi
Modiri
Associate Professor of Urban planning, Malek-Ashtar University of Technolog
author
text
article
1994
per
Remote sensing is a science that provides valuable information about land objects and phenomena through distant measurement and without physical contact. As mentioned in the last issue, information can be obtained by measuring and recording changes in electromagnetic fields, gravity and sound waves. Remote sensing is the information that can be exploited by measuring the reflection of electromagnetic waves of the atmosphere and the earth's surface and received by sensors that are installed on the satellites, and after analysis, the necessary information is extracted. Remote sensors are divided into two main active and passive groups based on source of energy and light. Active sensors such as radar have artificial energy source, and inactive sensors have a natural energy source (the sun) and are similar to cameras and scanners. They act through reflecting information in photographic and digital forms.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
2
v.
8
no.
1994
2
4
https://www.sepehr.org/article_29501_0d2a6b3c4e805f7b65e9115179408c3d.pdf
Magnetism of Earth and its Changes
Abdalkarim
Gharib
author
text
article
1994
per
The magnetic properties of some iron minerals were known since very old times. In Chinese legends, there is reference to a very simple magnetic needle that was used to determine orientations on the earth four thousand years ago. In Europe, the properties of magnetic needle were known since the 11th century, and in the 13th century they built the first simple compass. The invention of compass in an era that saw numerous geographical explorations helped geographers greatly, and since then, the study of earth's magnetism has been considered.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
2
v.
8
no.
1994
5
16
https://www.sepehr.org/article_29502_b0184365ea84799f08fccbdf4c18f732.pdf
Natural Potential of Water Resources of Baluchistan and the Method of its Exploitation
Esfandiar
Bandarian
Member of Faculty, Tarbiat Moallem University of Zahedan
author
text
article
1994
per
About the situation and extent of Baluchistan and Sistan, the following divisions have been mentioned in different sources.
The Baluchistan area is located in southeastern Iran, and its extent has been greater in the past than today. The Great Baluchistan includes the Baluchistan areas of both Iran and Pakistan. In the reports on the study of the underground water resources of Sistan and Baluchestan, the area of the province is mentioned as about 180 thousand square kilometers, of which 30 thousand square kilometers is the Sistan area, and another 150 thousand square kilometers is the Baluchistan section.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
2
v.
8
no.
1994
17
26
https://www.sepehr.org/article_29503_453fc37f01c0504fa2c98b5d29461dbb.pdf
Designing Geographic Information System's Section of Contact With User
Alireza
Azmudeh Ardalaan
author
text
article
1994
per
The Geographic Information System (GIS) includes a set of spatial and non-spatial data that is presented based on specific analyses. In designing the mutual communication of such systems with the user, it is necessary to observe various principles in the use of maps, tables and verbal logs. Due to the different characteristics of spatial and non-spatial data, demanding a certain task from system requires use of words and tool of reference. This necessitates access to a visual-verbal system of communication to select various subjects on the map.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
2
v.
8
no.
1994
27
27
https://www.sepehr.org/article_29504_a866d2c475dd84d7c64f758f80613257.pdf
Topographic Maps
Fereydun
Khajenoori
author
text
article
1994
per
Relief maps are three-dimensional topographic representation of the earth on which the elevations are measured relative to a flat surface. Therefore, they will be different from a fully similar image of the earth, because except in special cases, the curvature of the base surface or the spherical shape of the earth is not considered in them. Moreover, on such maps the scale of altitude is sometimes not the same as the horizontal scale. These maps share some qualities with flat topographic maps, such as flat drawing, writings, elevation points and, possibly, contours and coloring.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
2
v.
8
no.
1994
28
30
https://www.sepehr.org/article_29505_0718ddfcd3e92112ac4aeed465c1865c.pdf
Geography and its Applications - Part VII
text
article
1994
per
In the previous issues, we determined that geography is the observation and explanation of phenomena and natural and cultural differences that occur on the surface of the earth, and this definition requires that we first know the earth's surface and factors that create and change it. Earth's surface is what makes our landscape; in other words, what we can see with the eye, whether it is made by nature or humans, is the continuation of the earth's crust, and many of the differences in the subject matter of the study of geographers comes from the differences in the earth's crust. It is because of this that we need to identify the earth's crust, and in this regard, we first need to know a little about the development of the planet earth and its past, and this is the cause of our discussion in this paper.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
2
v.
8
no.
1994
31
39
https://www.sepehr.org/article_29506_916788995e9148c9fca044ac97d69bf7.pdf
Presentation of Research on Creation of Basic Networks for Study of Crust Changes of Earth Using GPS
Mohammad Ali
Rajabi
author
text
article
1994
per
This paper is a review of the analysis of the GPS-based observations conducted to exactly determine the relative coordinates of points of two crust deformation control networks on the western coast of Canada. Following the description of the networks and timing of the observations, the software used to process the information was investigated and, following that, the typical errors of determining the relative position by the GPS were discussed. By comparing the pure open-length results and overall network adjustment, internal compatibility of GPS positioning for both networks was assessed. The result was that the compatibility of horizontal coordinates was better than that of vertical coordinates by a coefficient of about three; using standard atmospheric information for one of the networks located in the mountainous area improved the compatibility of horizontal coordinates. The results by network adjustment of the GPS were compared by those from adjustment of EDM ground observations according to open lengths, and their comparison revealed a relative comparison coefficient of 0.5 PPM with a residual difference (RMS) of 8 mm. With the precision of such a GPS control network, it is possible to determine the accumulated space over the next five years.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
2
v.
8
no.
1994
40
53
https://www.sepehr.org/article_29507_ac13fb41ba54c7f036984cf35456d835.pdf
BITNET: An Instrument for Contact Among Geographers
Fatemeh
Behforuz
author
text
article
1994
per
BITNET is an electronic communications network for higher education. The general characteristics of the network, the services, the availability to academic geographers and their utilization of the system have been tested here. Although more than 80 percent of geography professors in the United States and Canada are now included in organizations provided by BITNET, a survey of the heads of the specialized department of the Association of American Geographers suggests that the actual use of BITNET by geographers is relatively low.
Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)
National Geographical Organization
2588-3860
2
v.
8
no.
1994
54
64
https://www.sepehr.org/article_29519_949cb8cf7f66fabedf195eb9e8b4ebc7.pdf