Document Type : Research Paper

Author

• Abdalkarim Gharib

Abstract

Scandinavia’s ice cap is a large ice cap belonging to the fourth age (Scandinavia's fourth age can be distinguished by its southern front from wandering moraine and rocks carried there from
Norway, Sweden and Finland.
The southernmost front of the Scandinavian glacier from the southern England, had been passing through London surroundings and also through Manche, covering the Netherlands and North Germany, down to the valleys of the Don and the Volga, and again northward to the Ural.
Everywhere in this vast area, many glacier traces and glacial rivers can be found. There were glacier sub-periods in which the glaciers went to the more southerly regions. In the sub-periods between the glaciers, the glaciers retreated to the north. This sequence have been detected by
speculation in the Netherlands, Germany and Denmark.
It is very difficult to recognize to which ice age a certain moraine deposit belongs. Older formations have been destructed by newer formations or eliminated through erosion before protecting deposits could form. In addition, the glaciers, by means of shorter periods of advance and retreat, are recognizable to the extent that some geologists such as Sergel have been able to determine the severity of the cold and also eleven short periods on Loess. This number is also confirmed by marine deposits.