Document Type : Research Paper

Abstract

In the previous issues, we determined that geography is the observation and explanation of phenomena and natural and cultural differences that occur on the surface of the earth, and this definition requires that we first know the earth's surface and factors that create and change it. Earth's surface is what makes our landscape; in other words, what we can see with the eye, whether it is made by nature or humans, is the continuation of the earth's crust, and many of the differences in the subject matter of the study of geographers comes from the differences in the earth's crust. It is because of this that we need to identify the earth's crust, and in this regard, we first need to know a little about the development of the planet earth and its past, and this is the cause of our discussion in this paper.