نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• شراره پور ابراهیم ¹
• مهرداد هادی پور ²
• مهدی مردیان ³
• امیر انصاری ⁴

¹ دانشیار، پردیس دانشکده‌ کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

² دانشیار دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک ، ایران

³ دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد اراک، باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان ایران، اراک، ایران

⁴ استادیار دانشکدة کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اراک، اراک ، ایران

چکیده

در این پژوهش به بررسی تأثیر صنایع نفتی محدوده دشت شازند بر تغییرات مکانی کیفی منابع آب زیرزمینی با استفاده از تکنیک زمین آمار و سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی پرداخته شد. هدف این پژوهش شناسایی محدوده تأثیرپذیر و عوامل مؤثر در آلودگی است تا پهنه مناسب تأمین آب شرب و کشاورزی را از نظر کیفی در محدوده مطالعاتی شناسایی نمود. بدین منظور با نمونه‌برداری از آب چاه‌‌های محدوده مطالعاتی، آنالیزهای آزمایشگاهی مواد نفتی و آروماتیک انجام شد. سپس با تکنیک زمین آمار و به روش معکوس فاصله وزنی، روند تغییرات مکانی غلظت پارامترهای کیفی بررسی شد. برای این کار،  منظور از تحلیل‌گر زمین آمار در نرم افزار ArcGIS 10.3 بهره گرفته شد.همچنین مقایسه مقادیر با حد مطلوب و حد مجاز استانداردهای محیط زیست بررسی گردید. نتایج نشان داد از نظر آلودگی‌‌های نفتی به جز در چند مورد استثناء، در بیشتر موارد آلودگی قابل توجهی وجود ندارد. بیشتر حساسیت‌‌ها در این بخش در چاه شماره 10 مربوط به دو پارامتر Anthracene و Pyrene از ترکیبات حلقوی چند هسته‌ای بود که مقادیر آلاینده چندین برابر استاندارد محیط زیست دیده شد. با توجه به توسعه مجتمع‌‌های نفتی شازند در سال‌‌های اخیر و نقطه روشن‌‌های آلودگی، هر چند بصورت محدود، به نظر ‌‌می‌رسد خطر آلایندگی منابع آب زیرزمینی دشت شازند در آینده بیش از پیش افزایش یابد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• آلودگی نفتی
• منابع آب
• زیرزمینی
• تغییرات مکانی
• تحلیلگر زمین آمار
• دشت شازند

20.1001.1.25883860.1397.27.108.3.1

عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial investigation of oil contamination spread into groundwater resources in Dasht-e-Shazand (Iran) using geostatistical analyst

نویسندگان [English]

• Sharareh Pourebrahim ¹
• Mehrdad Hadipour ²
• Mehdi Mardian ³
• Amir Ansari ⁴

¹ Associate proffessr , faculty of natural resources, University of Tehran, Karaj,Alborz, Islamic Republic of Iran

² Associate proffessr, faculty of agriculture and natural resources, Arak University, Arak , Markazi,Iran

³ Young Researchers and Elite Club, Arak Branch, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran

⁴ Assistant proffessr, faculty of agriculture and natural resources, Arak University, Arak , Markazi, Iran

چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Introduction
 Strategic and important industries are established in areas with possible access to water. Industrial development requires abundant water. Analysis of environmental resources and their pollution is the first consequence of industrial and human activities. Therefore today, due to the large volume of discharge and pollution in the environment, direct use of water is neither reasonable nor possible. Discharging industrial wastewater in land could severely contaminate the groundwater. In oil pollution monitoring researches, it is noteworthy that pollution detection and renovation operations require time and economic costs. Contamination of Soil and groundwater with pollutants such as hydrocarbons and chemical solvents has various environmental impacts. In Iran, the concentration of pollutants in some groundwater resources has been reported to be up to three times more than the standard value. This indicates the effect of a large amount of waste in the area which decrease soil quality in a way that soil layers are not able to compensate for it. Therefore, wastewater changes the drainage of underground water resources. In Iran and many other countries, causes such as leakage from contaminated petroleum storage tanks, leakage from transferring lines due to worn pipes, transportation of oil products, etc. in oil extraction mines, and refineries results in groundwater and surrounding areas facing oil leakage.
 
Materials & Methods
 The purpose of this research is to produce the water quality map of Shazand plain in Markazi province using Geographic Information System (GIS) technique and to investigate the effects of oil industries on the quality of underground waters. The first step is to identify areas affected by these oil industries and identified factors. Appropriate agricultural areas with water supply in the qualitative range were also identified. The location of existing wells in the plain, particularly wells located around the refinery and petrochemical complexes were investigated for the first time. Then, considering the direction of the water land in the plain and the paths of wells located at upstream mountains to downstream ordinary rivers, wells located in the refinery and petrochemical complexes were selected. Accordingly, 14 wells were sampled in the first stage and their coordinates were obtained using GPS. The samples were classified in the laboratory into four groups including physical parameters, chemical parameters, oil and water aromatic parameters and water volatile organic compounds parameters. In the next stage, the maps of water quality parameters zoning were prepared using the "Geostatistical Analyst" developer with the use of the interpolation method of "Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW)". Finally, spatial variations and the groundwater quality changes were investigated.
 
Results & Discussion
Oil and aromatic parameters of water are presented along with the results of laboratory analysis in table 2. Results indicate that the numerical value of many parameters were less than 0.1 mg/L. Just two parameters (Anthracene and Pyrene) in well no.10 had a value of more than 0.1 mg/L. Yet, the total value of oil pollutant was quite different. In wells no. 3, 8, 9, and especially well no.10 the value was more than 0.1 mg/L. The zoning map and spatial variation trend, along with statistical-descriptive indexes of total petroleum hydrocarbon of wells were also produced. The spatial variation of oil pollutants in Dashte- Shazand wells in south-north direction showed an increasing trend, which gradually changed into a decreasing trend. A decreasing trend was also observed in west-east direction. Comparing descriptive-statistical indexes with the standard level, we concluded that the total oil pollutant parameter near well no.10, which is located in petrochemical complex faces contamination.
 
Conclusion
The present study sought to measure some important indexes of oil contamination in groundwater and surface water near Dasht-e Shazand refinery and petrochemical complex. Therefore, data were collected from 14 wells in the study area. Then, oil and aromatic products were analyzed in laboratory. Using geostatistical technique, spatial variations of quality parameters concentration were investigated and compared with the desired and standard level. Results indicate that most of the wells near Dashte- Shazand refinery and petrochemical complex do not show any sign of contamination. Yet, the concentration of Anthracene and Pyrene parameters in well no.10 is several times more than the standard level. This can increase the potential of contamination in Dashte- Shazand ground water resources. In wells no. 3, 8, 9, and especially in well no. 10, total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) was more than other wells. According to the TPH and PAH results, the contamination potential of well no.10 was quite large. Due to the development of Shazand refinery, ground water resources of the area face an increasing danger of contamination. Moreover, the area has a high potential of population increase in residential areas. Thus, water contamination can also endanger the local environment. This shows the necessity of an appropriate management plan and regular monitoring of ground water, surface water, soil and air in the area.  
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• GIS
• oil contamination
• groundwater resources
• spatial variations
• Shazand plain
• Geo-statistic