Behnam Bigdeli; Mohammad Javad Valadan zoj; Yaser Maghsoudi Mehrani
Abstract
Collecting information on the areas under cultivation of wheat and the amount of its products provides the successful and sustainable management in the economic policy-makingfor this strategic product. Introduction of high spectral and special resolution satellite data has enabled the production of such ...
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Collecting information on the areas under cultivation of wheat and the amount of its products provides the successful and sustainable management in the economic policy-makingfor this strategic product. Introduction of high spectral and special resolution satellite data has enabled the production of such information in a timely and accurate manner. Investigating the spectral reflection of plants using field spectrometry and forming a spectral library increases the possibility of differentiating various wheat cultivars and preparing their distribution map. For this purpose, the spectral behavior curves for 6 wheat cultivars named Bahar, Chamran, Pishtaz, Shiraz, Shiroodi and Yavaros, were measured at three stages of growth at the ‘Research Institute of Seed and plant improvement " of Karaj in Iran. Observations were obtained by the ASD FieldSpec®3 Field Spectrometerin the range of 350-2500 nm wavelength under natural light and natural conditions. In the pre-processing stage, three noisy ranges affected by water vapor were detected and eliminated to enhance the gathered data quality. Then,in order to qualitatively collect the data, wrong observations were excluded using statistical methods. This research was designed and implemented in two main steps. In the first step, the spectral response function of the OLI sensor installed on the Landsat 8 satellite was applied to the library's spectra. Then, using the spectral similarity criteria and the twenty seven important vegetation indices sensitive to chlorophyll concentration, photosynthesis intensity, nitrogen and water content in the crown of the plant, etc., the extreme final resolution of wheat cultivars under study, was estimated.In the second step, the classification of the identified farms was carried out by conducting a field survey of the studied area and obtaining satellite images of the target sensor using spectral library spectra. The results showed a significant separabilityof Yavarus wheat variety from other cultivars, both in field spectra and satellite images.
Siavosh Shayan; Gholamreza Zare; Mojtaba Yamani; Mohammad Sharifikia; Mohsen Soltanpour
Abstract
Meanders are one of the typical geomorphological forms that is frequently observed on the southern coasts of Irandue to the availability of environmental conditions. These dynamic and active landforms have strong spatial variations under the influence of the dynamics of the rivers and the ...
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Meanders are one of the typical geomorphological forms that is frequently observed on the southern coasts of Irandue to the availability of environmental conditions. These dynamic and active landforms have strong spatial variations under the influence of the dynamics of the rivers and the gentle slopes of the deltas, in a short period of time. It’s been tried in this paper to extract and analyze the morphological changes of the Mond River bed over a period of 57 years in five time periods of (1955, 1985, 1994,
2000, and 2012) using remote sensing data and field surveys. The results of this research showed that the morphological changes of the Mond river bed have been very high during the years 1955 to 2012, so that, a nearly 3.5 kilometer displacement of the bed was observed on the estuary. Spatial comparison of the river bed in 1955 and 2012 indicated that 42.52 square kilometers were added to the left bank of the river, while on the right riverside, this amount was calculated to be 33.8 km2.The gentle slope of the delta (reduction of water speed and the sedimentary deposition on the river bed), vegetation cover on the riverside and on the river bed (trapping sediments in the river bed) and humans (building dams on the Mond river basin, constructing bridges and protection platforms on the bottom of the river bed and the transferring of water to the shrimp breeding sites) are among the important factors in changing the Mond river bed.
Zahra Bahari Sejehroudi; Mohammad Taleei
Abstract
Today, tourism is considered as one of the economic resources, especially in countries with a cultural history and numerous tourist attractions.In this regard, tourist advisory systems have been designed to help tourists. Planning tourism prior to traveling, allows a person to have a better visit and ...
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Today, tourism is considered as one of the economic resources, especially in countries with a cultural history and numerous tourist attractions.In this regard, tourist advisory systems have been designed to help tourists. Planning tourism prior to traveling, allows a person to have a better visit and see more places. Therefore, it is necessary and inevitable to do so. Various and numerous factors are involved in tourism planning. Time management and the selection of tourist attractions in accordance with one's interests are among the most important of these factors. In the present article, a web-based tourism planning system was designed and implemented to help tourists to visit favorite attractions in the shortest time possible. In the development of this system, the integration of methods based on spatial decision-making support system and spatial analysis functions have been used. The criteria taken into account in it, include criteria related to geotourism and effective geological factors and other types of tourism. The designed system carries out the tourism planning through information such as interests, number of days and the starting location of the tourist for each day separately and together with the presentation of the daily tourist plan, it determines the best route between the selected locations, and performs both the spatial and temporal management simultaneously. This system was implemented for Tehran's tourist sites and its capabilities were evaluated.
Ali Shojaeeian; Sadegh Mokhtari Chelche; Leila Keshtkar; Esmaeil Soleymani rad
Abstract
Nowadays, remote sensing data is able to provide the latest information for the study of land cover and land uses. These images are of high importancedue to the presentation of timely information, diversity of forms, being digital and the possibility of processing in the preparation of user maps.Determining ...
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Nowadays, remote sensing data is able to provide the latest information for the study of land cover and land uses. These images are of high importancedue to the presentation of timely information, diversity of forms, being digital and the possibility of processing in the preparation of user maps.Determining the land cover will be of great help to the area managers to make decisions. In this regard, the purpose of this researchis to compare the efficiency of parametric (least distant and box) and nonparametric (supporting vector machine) methods in land cover classification by using Landsat 8 satellite images in part of Dezful city. The nature of this research has been developmental-practical and its method has been descriptive-analytical. For this purpose, satellite data including Landsat 8 satellite images (13/8/2013) were prepared and analyzed using ENVI software. The efficiency of each classification method was investigated by calculating the two general accuracy and kappa coefficient. The results of the comparison of the methods used in the research showed that the SVM algorithm, especially the three linear, radial and polynomial kernels, had a better and more desirable accuracy than the parametric methods with 97.15%, 95.89% and 95.63% respectively. This study confirms the efficiency and more desirable capability of SVM algorithms in the classification of remote sensing images compared with parametric methods.
Tahereh Ghaemi rad; Mohammad Karimi
Abstract
Forest fire is one of the most common ecological hazards whoseproper prediction of spreading is a vital issue in minimizing its destructive effects.This phenomenon depends on factors such as topography, vegetation and climate. Among the existing models, the definite empirical models presented in the ...
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Forest fire is one of the most common ecological hazards whoseproper prediction of spreading is a vital issue in minimizing its destructive effects.This phenomenon depends on factors such as topography, vegetation and climate. Among the existing models, the definite empirical models presented in the form of raster including cellular automata are more populardue to their modeling simplicityand the ability to model complex systems. Different simulation systems have been developed to simulate and predict the spread of fire using cellular automata. The quality of the results obtained from these systems, in addition to the complexity of the model, depends on the accuracy and reliability of the input parameters, most of which have a degree of uncertainty. One of the constructive suggestions to overcome the uncertainty problem is the use of a two-stage simulation approach. In this approach, all of theexisting parameters in the model are first optimized by comparing the results derived from the simulation with the reality, then,the related simulation model will performthe simulation of the next step fire spread by considering the optimal values obtained for the parameters. One of the most important points in designing this system is the use ofdesirable optimization method. In this research, two optimization methods namely Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) have been used to overcome the uncertainty problem and enhance the accuracy of forest fire spread modeling and implementation of two-stage simulation approach for a part of the forests of Gilan province. The results show that the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm optimization method has abettercapability than the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) to produce optimal parameters of the desired model.
Hossein Mohammadi; Mohammad Hasan Mahoutchi; Mahdi Khazaei; Esmaeil Abbasi
Abstract
Probability analyses are useful methods for recognizing and predicting phenomena such as precipitation. One of these methods is the Markov chain. The Markov chain model is a special state of the models in which the current state of a system depends on its previous states. With this method, it is possible ...
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Probability analyses are useful methods for recognizing and predicting phenomena such as precipitation. One of these methods is the Markov chain. The Markov chain model is a special state of the models in which the current state of a system depends on its previous states. With this method, it is possible to calculate the probability of the occurrence andthe return period of climatic phenomena such as precipitation.Therefore, in the present research,using the 58 year daily precipitation data (1956 - 2013) ofShiraz synoptic station, the frequency and the continuity of rainy days in this city were studied by the use of the Markov chain model. The above statisticswere arranged based on the matrix of counting the changes of the occurrence states of the dry and wet days (days without precipitation and precipitation days), then, the situation change matrix was calculated based on the maximum likelihood estimation method. The matrix was evaluated and analyzed with repeated, constant power, and daily rainfall return period. Next, the return periods of 2 to 5 day rainfall days and the return period of1 day dry days, were also evaluated. Then,the return period of the continuation of 2 to 5 day precipitation days for twelve months of the year was calculated. The results showed that the probability of precipitation occurrence (wet days) per day was %0.1167 and the probability of no precipitation occurrence (drydays) was %0.8833. It was also determined that the most probable occurrence of rainy days was during the winter, especially in January and February. For example, the return period of 2 consecutive rainy days in January was estimated to be nearly 5 days. Therefore, it was observed that Shiraz precipitation has a heterogeneoustime distribution. In other words, precipitation is not uniform and concentrated in Shiraz.
Hojat Shirmard; Abbass Bahroudi; Amir Adeli
Abstract
Due to the costly and time consuming drilling operations andits high risk of mineral exploration, this stage is of great importance.In order to determine optimum drillingpoints, it is essential to prepare a mineral potential map using the Geographic Information System(GIS), to integrate all exploratory ...
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Due to the costly and time consuming drilling operations andits high risk of mineral exploration, this stage is of great importance.In order to determine optimum drillingpoints, it is essential to prepare a mineral potential map using the Geographic Information System(GIS), to integrate all exploratory factors.Various methods have been developed for preparing the potential mapso far. One of the most effective ones, considering the nature of the geological and mineral phenomena, is the hierarchical method (AHP) in combination with fuzzy logic.In this research, a combined method consisted of hierarchical and fuzzy methods has been used under the name of fuzzy analytic hierarchy (FAHP). In this study, GIS technology has been used as one of the most effective tools for data and exploratory information management for the integration of various data in order to prepare the mineral potential map. In this research, the Naysian Porphyry copper deposit was used as a case study, because this mine, located in Isfahan province on the Uromieh-Dokhtar Volcanic belt of the country, has been under exploratory study, and because of the geological and mineral complexities, the optimal location of drilling sites has a significant sensitivity for detailed studies.The main purpose of this study is to determine the optimum drilling location using FAHP methods. To produce geological, geochemical factor maps, all available data of the Naysian copper deposit have been collected and analyzed. Fuzzy hierarchical process is used to calculate the weight of exploration layers and to implement this precisely, the geological and geochemical experts are used. In the process of integrating the resulting information layers in the GIS, fuzzy operators are used, and to evaluate and validate the obtained mineral potential map, the exploratory boreholes are used. Comparing the generated potential map with the boreholes shows a significant and positive adaptation between suggested drilling locations resulted from this study and the previous drillings. In this regard, the proposed points for the required drilling are provided.
Gholamali Mozafari; Shahab Shafiei; Zahra Taghizade
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the increase in the temperature of the Earth has caused the disruption of climatic balance of the Earth, causing widespread climatic changes in most parts of the planet, which is referred to as climate change. The aim of this study is to predict climatic changes of Sistan-va-Baluchestan ...
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Over the past few decades, the increase in the temperature of the Earth has caused the disruption of climatic balance of the Earth, causing widespread climatic changes in most parts of the planet, which is referred to as climate change. The aim of this study is to predict climatic changes of Sistan-va-Baluchestan Province using statistical downscaling in which the A2 scenario data of ECHO-G atmospheric general circulation model is implemented.To assess, the climatic changes and the drought in Sistan and Baluchestan Provincewere downscaledby the LARS-WG model during the statistical period of 2012 to 2031.In this study, the data of minimum temperature, maximum temperature, radiation, and precipitation of ECHO-G model, and the actual data of 7 stations in the province, including the Chabahar, Iranshahr, Khash, Saravan, Zabol, Zahak and Zahedan have been used. The overall results of the surveys for the aforementioned period indicate an 8 percent increase in precipitation in the province and a decrease in the number of glacial days and an annual average increase of about 0.3 degrees Celsius. The highest monthly increase in wintertemperatureis at 0.9 degrees Celsius. Moreover, the number of dry days increases in Saravan city and decreases in other cities, and in general, the droughts in this province decrease in the period of 2012- 2031.
