Monireh Shamshiri; Mahdi Akhondzadeh Hanzaei
Abstract
Discussion about earthquake to reduce its casualties and damages is very important, especially in a seismic area like Iran where the occurrence of this natural phenomenon is seen annually. Anomaly detection prior to earthquake plays an important role in earthquake prediction. Ionosphere changes which ...
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Discussion about earthquake to reduce its casualties and damages is very important, especially in a seismic area like Iran where the occurrence of this natural phenomenon is seen annually. Anomaly detection prior to earthquake plays an important role in earthquake prediction. Ionosphere changes which are recognizable by remote measurements (such as using Global Positioning System) are known as earthquake ionospheric precursors. In this study, two data sets from the ionospheric Total Electron Content (TEC) derived from the GPS data processing by Bernese software were used for two studies, Ahar earthquake, East Azerbaijan (2012/08/11) and Kaki earthquake,Bushehr (2013/4/9), and the results were compared with data obtained from the global stations. Because of the nonlinear behavior of TEC changes, in order to predict and detect its changes, integration of neural network (using multilayer Perceptron (MLP)) with particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) was used. Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm with a performance based on the population can be effective in improving estimatedweight by artificial neural network. By analyzing the causes of ionospheric anomalies including the geomagnetic fields and solar activities and their removal from the processes, the results indicate that some of this anomalies caused by the earthquake and using intelligent algorithms were able to have appropriate efficiency for the prediction of nonlinear time series. The output resulted from the integration of artificial neural network and PSO shows that both positive and negative anomalies occur. The anomalies before earthquakes often occur close to the epicenter of the earthquake and are visible 3 days before the Ahar earthquake and 2 to 6 days before the Kaki earthquake are.
Javad Saberian; Mohammad Reza Malek
Abstract
Mobile devices are widely used for providingpeople with needed information anytime and anywhere. One of themost important mobile applications is related to the navigation andother GIS capabilities. The development of mobile applications needs tobe adapted with the special features and limitations of ...
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Mobile devices are widely used for providingpeople with needed information anytime and anywhere. One of themost important mobile applications is related to the navigation andother GIS capabilities. The development of mobile applications needs tobe adapted with the special features and limitations of thiscomputing environment. Looking in this direction, we present a context-aware mobile map representation which used the dual graph ofstreet networks for automatic simplification and generalization of streets invarious contexts. For this purpose, after the introduction and selectionof context factors, the degree of dual graph nodes areused for automatic generation of maps with fewer details. Wewill show that we could increase the capability and efficiencyof mobile GISs by using dual graphs, because by usingthat, the structure and the topology of streetnetwork could be maintained in generalization process.The proposed approachis validated by a case study applied to a regionof Tehran city. The case study clearly showed the benefits of usingdual graphsin mobile map applications.
Abdolazim Ghangormeh; Javad Malek
Abstract
The Caspian Sea like all other seas andgreat lakes is constantly turbulent under the influence of various hydrodynamic phenomena such as storm tide, storm surges caused bythe wave and wind, rise of wave in the coastal zone, and the phenomenon of resonance.But the reason for all of these phenomena is ...
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The Caspian Sea like all other seas andgreat lakes is constantly turbulent under the influence of various hydrodynamic phenomena such as storm tide, storm surges caused bythe wave and wind, rise of wave in the coastal zone, and the phenomenon of resonance.But the reason for all of these phenomena is the forces caused by the air pressure and wind fields on the sea.In this research, the effects of air and wind pressure data (components) on observational levels in the level measuring stations of Bandar Anzali, Noshahr, Bandar Sadra (Neka) and Ashuradeh were investigated.For this purpose, the hourly data of the water level of the aforementioned stations during a four-year period (2000-2003) and also the data of air and wind pressure on the Caspian Sea were used with temporal-spatial resolutions of 6 hours and 0.25 degrees (25 km) during a 4 year period onwards.To study the range of the effects of these factors (air andwind pressure) on the data of the level measuring stations, the 50x50 to 250x250 km networks (with 50km sequence) were extended towards the main body of the sea. A linear multivariate regression model was used to determine the coefficients and the amount of the effect of wind and air pressure components, and the results were obtained monthly for each station. The results show that, by modeling a wider field of air and wind pressure effectiveness on the water zone overlooking each station, the calculated and observed results of the water level data are more correlated, so that the maximum correlation coefficient for the 250x250 km field for the Anzali stationsis 0.864 in November, for Noshahris 0.909 in November, for Sadra (Neka) is 0.893 in March and for Ashoradeis 0.873in April.
Amir Hossein Kazem; Farhad Hosseinali; Ali Asghar Ale-sheikh
Abstract
Modeling urban growth and land use changes are an integral part of planning for sustainable development. The present research intends to model the urban growth and development for Tehran metropolis from the aspect of timeand spatial distribution. To this end, land-use maps for the years 1988, 2002 and ...
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Modeling urban growth and land use changes are an integral part of planning for sustainable development. The present research intends to model the urban growth and development for Tehran metropolis from the aspect of timeand spatial distribution. To this end, land-use maps for the years 1988, 2002 and 2013 were categorized with the object-based approach using Landsat satellite time series images. In the next step, using the logistic regression model, the effect of independent variables in relation to urban growth including 14 variables in the form of two groups of environmental-natural and socio-economic variables during the period of 1988 to 2002 was calculated as the coefficient in the regression equation, and the potential map of urban expansion was produced. The evaluation of the logistic regression function using two Pseudo R2 and ROC indexes with values of 0.32 and 0.89 showed good regression fit and proper description capability. Subsequently, the area of change for the expected year was quantitatively predicted using Markov chain analysis.Finally, by using the outputs of the two models of logistic regression and Markov chain analysis and using the Cellular Automata Model, urban growth was modeled for the year 2013, comparison of which with the 2013 classified image, shows that the used model with a 93% relative accuracy for the estimated area and a Kappa coefficient of 0.87 has been a successful model. Accordingly, the same model was used to estimate the urban growth in 2025,using images from the years of 2002 and 2013.
Nahid Sajadian; Mortaza Nemati; Ali Shojaian; Parivash Oraky
Abstract
One of the characteristics of the tribal system and communities with tribal structures is usually kinshipism (Khishavandgerayi). Heterogeneity in tribalism and geographical variations usually reduces the national cohesion of the state. For this reason, the present research was carried out with ...
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One of the characteristics of the tribal system and communities with tribal structures is usually kinshipism (Khishavandgerayi). Heterogeneity in tribalism and geographical variations usually reduces the national cohesion of the state. For this reason, the present research was carried out with the aim of assessing the role of tribalism in feeling the social security of the citizens in the city of Izeh.The research methodology is descriptive-analytical with a practical-theoretical approach. The required information was collectedthrough a library and field procedure(questionnaires and interviews). The statistical population included all the citizens above 15 in the city of Izeh and a sample of 348 people was obtained using the Cochran formula. In the next step, the collected data were analyzed by SPSS software using Pearson and Spearman tests and the results were presented in tables. GIS software has been used to edit maps. The results of the study show that52.6 % of the respondents were women and 45.1 % were men. 36.5 % were single and 50.9 % were married. 55.2 % of the respondents considered the tribal environment of the city as the cause of feeling insecure, and 43% considered the tribal clashes to be the cause of such feeling. 21.5% have left their home because of tribal conflicts. 19 % do not commute in the city during the conflict among the tribes. One of the other results of this study is that, there is a direct and significant relationship between education, the tribalism environment of the city and the citizens’ feelings of insecurity, but there is a reverse and significant relationship between prejudice in favor of their own tribe and feeling social insecurity.
Ahmad Sahraei Juibari; Issa Ebrahimzadeh
Abstract
Basically, land use planning is the most important issue of sustainable urban development and is one of the main priorities in urban planning. District 47 of Zahedan city has been inadequate in terms of the proportionality and optimal distribution of uses, therefore, the present study was conducted to ...
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Basically, land use planning is the most important issue of sustainable urban development and is one of the main priorities in urban planning. District 47 of Zahedan city has been inadequate in terms of the proportionality and optimal distribution of uses, therefore, the present study was conducted to identify these shortcomings in order to implement social justice that should be realized at all levels of the city and among all citizens. In order to achieve this, effecient methods have been devised that can help planners in optimal decision-making.In this research, in addition to reviewing theoretical perspectives, the use of these efficient techniques in planning for urban land use was undertaken and planning support systems such as "what-if", which is one of these methods, were used as a dynamic planning system based on GIS. In this method, three analytical phases of land feasibility, predicting the demand for urban uses, and allocating lands for land use demands were performed, and various future shapes of each area were analyzed through different allocation scenarios.Finally,with the formation of the UAZ layer and weighting by AHP method, the best places to deploythe required uses for the provision of urban services inZahedandistrict 47 were proposed as the final map. The finding results obtained from the produced maps of the performance range and the inconsistencies indicate that the level of provision of services and urban facilities for the residents of this neighborhood is appropriate comparedto the current standards within the country.In order to optimize new applications with regard to the standards and functions required, these functional points were proposed and mapped, which should be used as a priority for the deployment of new uses in this district.
AhmadReza Ghasemi; Foruh Sadat Sayedi
Abstract
Wind is one of the main elements in the climate of each region,and its changes can affect phenomena such as dust storms and the severity of evapotranspiration.The declining trends of surface windreported by previous studies are generally small, but it is still important to assess the distribution of ...
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Wind is one of the main elements in the climate of each region,and its changes can affect phenomena such as dust storms and the severity of evapotranspiration.The declining trends of surface windreported by previous studies are generally small, but it is still important to assess the distribution of the trend of wind speed at the continental to global scale in order to betterunderstand the causes of the trend. This research was carried out aiming to predict wind speed in Iran by 2020 with the Holt-Winters model and using data from a 50-year statistical period (1961-2010). The results showed that this model has the ability to predict wind speed in most parts of the country. The values of the coefficient of explanation of this model varied in 34 stations under survey from 0.39 in Abadan to 80.0 in Babolsar, and the error values in most of these stations were acceptable. The results of Kolmogorov-Smirnov test used to evaluate the normalized residuals of model showed that the model residuals are normal in most of the stations that show the suitability of the model to estimate and predict the wind speed in Iran.The results showed that this model has also simulated the wind speed extreme values in most stations as well. The results of the Holt-Winters model to predict wind speed by 2020, indicate that wind speed in the Eastern half of the country as well as the southern slopes of the Alborz, which have dry and semi-arid climates, will increase by 2020, while the Western half, Southwestern and central regions of the country will experience a decreasing trend of wind speed. The maximum amount of wind speed increase will be at Gorgan station by 2020 with a value of 1.8 meters per second, and themaximum rate of wind speed reduction will occur in southwest stations of the country, so that in the Abadan station, wind speed will decrease from 48.6 m / s to 31.8 m / s by 2020.In other words, we can say that the wind speed in most arid and semiarid regions of the country will increasein the future, while moderate and mountainous areas in western parts of the country will experience a decreasing wind speed.
Bakhtiar Feizizadeh; Mojtaba Pirnazar; Arash Zand karimi; Hassan Abedi Gheshlaghi
Abstract
In line with the goal of rapid extraction of land use maps, remote sensing technology has been recognized as an efficient technology which provides the possibility for extraction of land use maps by presenting satellite imagery.By providing different satellite images with various temporal power, remote ...
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In line with the goal of rapid extraction of land use maps, remote sensing technology has been recognized as an efficient technology which provides the possibility for extraction of land use maps by presenting satellite imagery.By providing different satellite images with various temporal power, remote sensing has made the modeling and monitoring of the environmental changes possible, which is an important step in the management of natural resources.The object-oriented classification method based on knowledge-based algorithms is one of the effective methods for classification of satellite imagery which, in addition to the use of satellite imageryspectral information, provides the necessary facilities for using environmental information and physical and geometric properties of the land surface phenomena.The present researchwas conducted with the aim of evaluating the increase rate in the accuracy resulted from the application of knowledge-basedfuzzyalgorithms in the classification of land use / land cover maps.In this research, the AVNIR2 sensor images of the ALOS satellite have been used to compare the object-oriented methods of satellite imagery classification without using fuzzy algorithms and object-oriented methods based on fuzzy algorithms and the land use map for the city of Maragheh has been extracted by both of the aforementioned methods. The results of the accuracy assessment show that the land use map produced by knowledge-based fuzzy methods with a general accuracy of 93.38 is more reliable compared with the land use map produced by the object-oriented method without using fuzzy algorithms with an accuracy of 88.66%. Given the comparative nature of this research, its results have been of great importance in identifying the optimal methods for production and preparation of land use maps, and the produced maps have also a high applied value for the executive organizations (such as agricultural Jihad, natural resources, etc.).
