Mahdi Modiri
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 1-6
Abstract
Methods and tools for decision making by group participation come from different sources. These sources include work on the development of geographic information systems with the aim of improving the decision support capabilities, the technology of group support systems, and theoretical and empirical ...
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Methods and tools for decision making by group participation come from different sources. These sources include work on the development of geographic information systems with the aim of improving the decision support capabilities, the technology of group support systems, and theoretical and empirical studies of its application. Other sources include work on the collecting, The dynamism of logical methods, the research on the human dimensions of groupware and computer network, and GIS reviews as positivist attitudes, the constraints of opinions may lead to the expansion of the discussion and the discourse of decision-making. The enumerated sources provide a variety of decision-making theories that can be generalized as a group-analytic approach. An analytical approach uses mathematical models for structural sections of the decision-making problem, and leaves the non-structural parts to the decision-makers’ discretion. The group approach considers decision making as an evolutionary process, which uses discussion, argumentation, and consensus to explain a non-structured dialogue. The logic of the survey is that both approaches are necessary in a group decision support environment, and in order to effectively support group participation in decision making, analytical tools and collaboration tools must be combined and integrated. In this paper, different types of methods and tools are presented for group decision. Methods and tools for decision making through group participation result from many sources. These sources include working in order to expand GIS with the goal of improving decision support capabilities.
Hossein Asakereh; Soheila Maleki
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 7-12
Abstract
Temperature and precipitation are two important climatic variables that have a significant effect on life and activities of individuals. These two elements are generally dependent on each other. In this research, the correlation between temperature and precipitation is determined using Pearson correlation ...
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Temperature and precipitation are two important climatic variables that have a significant effect on life and activities of individuals. These two elements are generally dependent on each other. In this research, the correlation between temperature and precipitation is determined using Pearson correlation coefficient. The existence or absence of a linear relationship between temperature and precipitation was also examined. Furthermore, the simultaneous effect of temperature and relative humidity on rainfall was calculated and the significance of regression was investigated. In this study, SPSS software was used for drawing graphs and multivariate regression analysis. Using the findings of this research, it was shown that there is a weak inverse relation between temperature and precipitation. The actual contribution of temperature changes in precipitation is 3.61% which is very low, and there is no linear relationship between temperature and precipitation. In the two-variable regression, the temperature had again no significant effect on rainfall, but relative humidity was an effective variable in precipitation of this station. In this study, the mean annual temperature and precipitation of Zanjan station, extracted from the meteorological website, have been used during the statistical period of 1956-2005. Zanjan is located on the northern 36o41’ and eastern 29o48’ in the northwest of Iran. The city’s altitude at the station is 1620 meters.
Seyyed Yahya Safavi
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 11-17
Abstract
By relying on the identification of the capacities and capabilities that are the basis of convergence in the Islamic world, and on the other hand the divergent factors that threaten the continuity of the Muslim world, and considering the need to address the future and to attempt to build it in In order ...
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By relying on the identification of the capacities and capabilities that are the basis of convergence in the Islamic world, and on the other hand the divergent factors that threaten the continuity of the Muslim world, and considering the need to address the future and to attempt to build it in In order to provide the resources of the Islamic world, this paper examines the concept of future thinking and introduces it into the field of scientific discussions and then addresses the possible futures for the Islamic world. Future research is in fact the decision-making about the future in the present. The knowledge and insight that future-research makes available to the researcher will help him in acquiring a superior position in the competitive field, and as a result of understanding the forces and factors affecting personal and organizational activities, Will make him/her more vigilant about the possible changes in the future. In fact, using the imagination of possible events and evaluating probabilities, one can equip oneself and others for the future, identify opportunities and challenges and plan against them or to acquire them.
Seyyed Ramin Ghaffari; Mohammad Ali Torki Harchegani; Ma'soumeh Torki Harchegani
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 16-21
Abstract
The general purpose of this paper was to analyze some of the socio-economic barriers on the way of motivating the cooperation of farmers with the supervisors of the scheme of wheat self-sufficiency. The research is of applied type and through survey method, carried out by selecting a simple random sample ...
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The general purpose of this paper was to analyze some of the socio-economic barriers on the way of motivating the cooperation of farmers with the supervisors of the scheme of wheat self-sufficiency. The research is of applied type and through survey method, carried out by selecting a simple random sample of 100 farmers in the Ardal plain. The research tool was a questionnaire and the validity of the questionnaire was verified according to the collective view of the related professors and experts and its reliability was calculated using the Cronbach's alpha formula (a = 0.93). To investigate the hypotheses and to answer to the research questions, Spearman and Pearson correlation tests have been used. The insignificance of the relationship between the motivation of cooperation of the farmers with their age and their average monthly income, a positive and direct relation between motivation of cooperation with the level of education of farmers and their level of knowledge about the results of the implementation of the project, and, finally, direct but weak correlation between The motivation of cooperation with the average size of the land owned by each farmer.
Mohammad Hassan Nami
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 21-26
Abstract
The restriction of the sources and documents related to the sphere of space in the country necessitates clarification of the status of space in the development of the country and sustainable security, which, while expressing the fundamental and important issues concerning the space technology and space ...
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The restriction of the sources and documents related to the sphere of space in the country necessitates clarification of the status of space in the development of the country and sustainable security, which, while expressing the fundamental and important issues concerning the space technology and space activities of the country, examine the specialixed areas in remote sensing and space imaging. Space structure, space legal regime, space functions and space technology are the major topics discussed in this paper.
Ahmad Taghdisi; Seddigheh Kiani; Farnaz Abolhasani; Zahra Soltani
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 26-32
Abstract
Given the resource limitations and the upward trend of development, if this movement is not accompanied by proper management and planning, it can create problems. Because any development requires the exploitation and use of natural resources. Therefore, it can have direct or indirect effects on nature. ...
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Given the resource limitations and the upward trend of development, if this movement is not accompanied by proper management and planning, it can create problems. Because any development requires the exploitation and use of natural resources. Therefore, it can have direct or indirect effects on nature. Optimal use of soil and water resources and ways to predict and reduce their problems have always been the objectives of correct and principled agricultural development in order to obtain the highest returns from the minimum resources. Water use optimum management has been the subject of much discussion in many expert circles in the past few decades, in all of which, emphasis has been placed on monitoring and evaluation as the keys to success. Many irrigation and drainage networks operate on the basis of supply and demand management and usually deliver water regardless of the actual water requirement. In irrigation and drainage networks, due to the scattering of farms, the size of the land, the variety of cultivation and the distance between the place of extraction and the point of delivery, management of utility and maintenance is not possible without taking the interactions of the above factors into account. Moreover, in irrigation networks, descriptive data is produced daily on a massive scale that requires organizing, analyzing and deciding, which are very difficult with traditional methods and requires the use of the new systems such as GIS and remote sensing. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the geographic information system and remote sensing and their application in irrigation and drainage networks management.
Faramarz Khosh Akhlagh; Mohsen Soltani
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 32-38
Abstract
One of the main pillars of agricultural planning is the identification of agricultural climatic units. An agricultural climatic unit is a unit in which the ground features and climatic elements are considered as integrated units, and each unit can have different characteristics. In this regard, the condition ...
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One of the main pillars of agricultural planning is the identification of agricultural climatic units. An agricultural climatic unit is a unit in which the ground features and climatic elements are considered as integrated units, and each unit can have different characteristics. In this regard, the condition of Sari station was considered as a sample strawberry cultivating area in Mazandaran province. For this purpose, climatic and environmental data and statistics of Mazandaran province were collected in terms of layers of ground and climatic factors and evaluated using Excel software. GIS software (1) has been used to draw up climatic and descriptive maps of the province. From ground factors, topographic layers, land use, slope and type of soil and from climatic elements, precipitation and annual temperature are considered. Using the special functions of the GIS system, first a weighted value was given to the layers according to the potentials of strawberry cultivation, and then they were combined in a final map. The final map indicates the ability of different regions of Mazandaran province to grow strawberries. The results indicate the accuracy of the map and the ability of the GIS to help provide an integrated analysis and homogeneous agricultural climatic units.
Hossein Hajatpour Ghal'e Roodkhani
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 38-38
Abstract
Khun Fousheh cave is located in the geographical position of eastern longitude of 49 degrees, 9 minutes and 54 seconds and northern latitude of 37 degrees 2 minutes and 41 seconds, 930 meters high in the mountain range of Talesh in the southwest of Fousheh in Ghale Rudkhan village that leads on the south ...
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Khun Fousheh cave is located in the geographical position of eastern longitude of 49 degrees, 9 minutes and 54 seconds and northern latitude of 37 degrees 2 minutes and 41 seconds, 930 meters high in the mountain range of Talesh in the southwest of Fousheh in Ghale Rudkhan village that leads on the south to the Brenna heights and the Lase Posh and Tikaw, on the east to the Mate Khani heights and on the west to the highlands of the Dezdebon. The cave was named by the author in 1993 as Ghare Khun ("Blood Cave") after its discovery because it was in the forest area called “Khun” (the blood, the source of the spring in the Taleshi language).
Gholam Reza Barati; Fatemeh Soleimani
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 39-43
Abstract
Since the frequency of rainy days is one of the decisive factors in determining the climatic conditions of a land, the issue of determining the seasonal share of the annual frequency of precipitation days was considered in a 31-year interval (1973-2003) in the western zone of Iran enjoying high rates ...
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Since the frequency of rainy days is one of the decisive factors in determining the climatic conditions of a land, the issue of determining the seasonal share of the annual frequency of precipitation days was considered in a 31-year interval (1973-2003) in the western zone of Iran enjoying high rates of precipitation (in this research including Zanjan, Qazvin, Markazi, Lorestan, Kordestan, Ilam, Kermanshah and Hamedan), in order to help better utilization of valuable soil and water resources. This important task was accomplished by collecting the frequency figures of monthly rainy days from 16 meteorological stations in the above mentioned provinces. Comparison of mean values between seasons and year of land zoning based on the coefficients determined by regressive equations showed that winter season, in comparison with other seasons in most regions, has the highest coordination and also the highest spatial equilibrium in terms of precipitation amounts and number of precipitation days. . This finding may indicate an increase in the frequency of precipitation days in other seasons in the years when winter has less rainy days. Only 5 in cities, including Khorramabad, spring has replaced winter as the reliable season in terms of precipitation.
Mahdi Modiri; Jabbar Salimimanesh; Mohammad Abbasi; Sajjad Bagheri Seyyed Shokri
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 43-50
Abstract
Today, the goal of tourism planning is to fulfil the need to create sustainable planning in order to prevent the destructive effects of tourist activities on the tourist environments and areas (cities, villages, etc.), and that although tourist activities have achieved better goals and economic effects, ...
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Today, the goal of tourism planning is to fulfil the need to create sustainable planning in order to prevent the destructive effects of tourist activities on the tourist environments and areas (cities, villages, etc.), and that although tourist activities have achieved better goals and economic effects, these goals should be used to satisfy the tourists and to improve the quality of the welfare and life of local communities (residents) and human beings. The Rijab area is located in the Zagros Mountain range as a geotourist area. With its typical geomorphologic features and the presence of tourist attractions, this region has high tourist potentials. This article aims to study the capabilities and limitations of geotourism and to develop the best strategy for the prosperity and improvement of tourism management in this region. The research method is a combination of two methods of secondary and field studies. In the secondary method, in addition to the subject-related texts, some of the information needed, especially quantitative information, was gathered through referrals to libraries, departments and organizations. In field study, information was gathered through direct observation (image and video), interviews and questionnaires. Ten Delphi questionnaires were completed and then analyzed by SWOT model. Finally, internal and external factors were evaluated and the strategies of these factors were extracted. The extraction of internal and external matrices showed that WO strategies have a higher priority for implementation, and ultimately these factors, by quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), were prioritized as follows: 1- Strengthening the specialist force; 2. Construction and improvement of the status of residential-service units; 3. Protection of typical tourism attractions (especially geomorphologic); 4. vast advertisements; 5. Familiarizing local people with the culture of tourism; 6. Adding to the extent of the tourist area by utilizing the surrounding lands and the participation of investors and government.
Ahmad Pour Ahmad; Mohammad Komeili
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 50-57
Abstract
Until now, a major application of scientific methods has been to estimate and predict the values of a variable by referring to the values of one or more other variables associated with it. In this paper, we examine the most common type of "correlation", or estimation based on structural relationships ...
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Until now, a major application of scientific methods has been to estimate and predict the values of a variable by referring to the values of one or more other variables associated with it. In this paper, we examine the most common type of "correlation", or estimation based on structural relationships between variables, which leads to the creation of a simple linear model. The use of linear models in a variety of urban analyses is quite commonly accepted due to the relative simplicity and accuracy of these models. Linear models usually show tendencies over time, which may not be taken into account through abstract or chart-based analyses. Linear models are used to express events when non-scientific methods are incomplete and unsatisfactory (and predict the appearance and time of the events).
Seyyed Ali Ebadinejad; Ali Osanlou
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 57-59
Abstract
The lack of active participation of the police in the urban planning process is one of the problems that the country's police now face, and this itself leads to a series of problems, including inappropriate location of police stations and offices, regardless of the three basic factors of geography, population ...
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The lack of active participation of the police in the urban planning process is one of the problems that the country's police now face, and this itself leads to a series of problems, including inappropriate location of police stations and offices, regardless of the three basic factors of geography, population and crimes. This problem is rooted in the attitude of the top managers of the Naja (Iran’s police force) and the country, while the city is the most important venue for police missions. The purpose of this article is to study the causes of the emergence of this problem, and further provide and mention grounds for police involvement in urban planning, so that a suitable solution can be devised to end this situation.
Bahman Ramezani Gourabi
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 59-65
Abstract
Marginal areas and islands of the Persian Gulf are located in a warm and humid climate with high absolute humidity; areas with an unfavorable climate among whose characteristics are minimum precipitation and water shortage, abundant water vapor, low relative humidity, high radiation levels , Dust, … ...
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Marginal areas and islands of the Persian Gulf are located in a warm and humid climate with high absolute humidity; areas with an unfavorable climate among whose characteristics are minimum precipitation and water shortage, abundant water vapor, low relative humidity, high radiation levels , Dust, … , which, considering urban development plans and the creation of new towns and industrial areas associated with increase in population, are of great importance in terms of energy costs in an unfavorable climate. In the past, indigenous people provided more or less tolerable conditions due to the presence of Hara forest vegetation and the use of indigenous techniques against undesirable climate. However, due to new structural changes, this approach is accompanied by the Increasing cost of energy over the year. The purpose of this paper is to identify the potential of creating desirable climatic conditions in Hara forests in the Persian Gulf, with an emphasis on reducing energy costs. The method of research is descriptive-analytical, using existing statistics of meteorology and application of bioclimatic human models. This article tries to introduce the development and understanding of these forests as one of the ways to create the optimal local and regional climate in the Persian Gulf region for the desirable human development, so that vegetation is preserved in the UAE in the southern region of Persian Gulf with great costs, while in the northern regions of the Persian Gulf (Iranian section), this potential can be developed at the lowest cost in the margins and islands, in which terms it is incomparable with the south.
Mehri Azani; Hoda Zal
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 64-70
Abstract
There is no doubt that tourism is considered as an economic and cultural phenomenon in the world, and it is highly recommended in Islamic Jurisprudence. But there is also a special discussion of Muslim women and non-Muslim women which is to be examined. Women's tourism, especially Muslim women, is one ...
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There is no doubt that tourism is considered as an economic and cultural phenomenon in the world, and it is highly recommended in Islamic Jurisprudence. But there is also a special discussion of Muslim women and non-Muslim women which is to be examined. Women's tourism, especially Muslim women, is one of the most important issues that has so far been rarely addressed. The social presence of women has been emphasized in Muslims holy book (Quran) and Prophetic Hadiths . Of course, it's important to observe Islamic law and its necessities in how women behave on the journey. The purpose of this study is to examine the tourism of women and its opportunities and setbacks from the point of view of Islam. The research method is descriptive-case study. The importance of travel and journey in Islam in order to establish communication with the Creator and the necessity of traveling for women and men, the tourism characteristics of women in Islam, the role of the effects of this tourism, and similarities in the tourism of Muslim and non-Muslim women are amongst the findings of this research.
Shahriar Khaledi; Mahdi Feizollah Poor; Sayyad Asghari
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 70-74
Abstract
Frequency analysis of events is a set of methods that, using probability rules, investigate the probability of a phenomenon’s repeat over time. The purpose of these analyses is to obtain the period of return of measured events and to estimate the value of an event for a specified return period, ...
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Frequency analysis of events is a set of methods that, using probability rules, investigate the probability of a phenomenon’s repeat over time. The purpose of these analyses is to obtain the period of return of measured events and to estimate the value of an event for a specified return period, which is outside of the scope of registered events and is used to design the projects. Gombel (1) and Log Pearson (3) methods are among these analyses. In this paper, using these two methods, we investigate the probability of occurrence of minimum of volume flux and maximum of daily rainfall in the Kamal Chai Basin in the south of the city of Sabalan. In addition, the Maxus formula (3) has been used to secure data adequacy. According to these surveys, the precipitation less than 44 mm in 24 hours is of a probability of 96%. And likewise, the volume flux will be higher than 1.12 cubic meters per second by 95%.
Mina Babazadeh; Fatemeh Narges Zar
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 74-79
Abstract
Tourism is an economic sector sensitive to the weather, and in some cases the dependence on climatological characteristics of the demand for tourism is both the source of its emergence and its limiting factor. Climate has an impact on the recreation and tourist sector and in some areas represents a natural ...
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Tourism is an economic sector sensitive to the weather, and in some cases the dependence on climatological characteristics of the demand for tourism is both the source of its emergence and its limiting factor. Climate has an impact on the recreation and tourist sector and in some areas represents a natural source based on which the tourism industry is predicted. All climatic elements play a role in the health, comfort and recreation of the people, and in attracting tourists, but the role of some elements including temperature, relative humidity, sunshine and wind are more important, which are consequently considered in this article. The impact of climatic attractions and obstacles on tourism is very important. In this paper, using the method of the Tourism Climate Index (TCI), the comfort and convenience of people in different months of the year has been calculated, using the statistics of the synoptic station of Shiraz in a 54-year statistical period, In such a way that it can determine the effect of comfort in attracting tourism in Shiraz. The TCI, which is the combined effect of climatic parameters, shows that the cool and very cool comfort coefficient is associated in most months of the year with temperatures below 20 ° C, and the months of May and September have excellent degrees of comfort, and through the rest of the months the degree of comfort is good or very good, that is within the acceptable conditions in terms of the tourists comfort. The seasonal distribution of tourist weather indicates that Shiraz has a spring peak of distribution, and it has almost the best distribution of tourist weather throughout the year, except for the cold months of the year. In general, climate has a strong impact on tourism, to a degree that it is shown that in many areas, the tourism industry is prosperous without required natural resources, due to the good weather there, and sometimes it can change the destinations of tourism through the competition among travel agencies .
Hossein Mohammadi; Ommolbanin E'temad
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 79-89
Abstract
Today, air pollution is considered a very important international issue. Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in the world. Geographic location, topography, climate, and industrial concentration cause pollutants to accumulate in the city. One of the diseases that is increasing due to air pollution ...
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Today, air pollution is considered a very important international issue. Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in the world. Geographic location, topography, climate, and industrial concentration cause pollutants to accumulate in the city. One of the diseases that is increasing due to air pollution is lung cancer. In this study, the relationship between atmospheric elements such as temperature, pressure, relative humidity and sight less than 2 km, and atmospheric pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen monoxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Nitrogen oxide (NOx), sulfur dioxide (SO2), Ozone, (O3) airborne particles (PM-10) and dust during a 10-year statistical period, (1999-1999), was investigated using descriptive statistical methods and correlations and regression relationships, and the analysis of the effects of monthly and annual means of variables on the mortality of lung cancer in Tehran were studied. The results show that there is a high correlation between lung cancer and atmospheric elements. There is a meaningful relationship between the smaller mean number of days with weaker sight and the monthly mean number of lung cancer incidence. With increase of dust in a month, mortality has also increased, as dust is found in the city air more than other pollutants. There is a significant relationship between the monthly variables of contaminants with lung cancer, and there is a strong correlation between the annual mean of pollutants and lung cancer. The association between the annual average of dust and lung cancer is 99%.
Mohammad Hossein Ramesht; Roghayyeh Nikbakht
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 89-93
Abstract
The city of Golpayegan and the surrounding area include metamorphic rocks and igneous masses produced by the performance of internal forces due to its location in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone and also river sediments over the fourth era of geology. The existence of these igneous masses has led to the creation ...
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The city of Golpayegan and the surrounding area include metamorphic rocks and igneous masses produced by the performance of internal forces due to its location in the Sanandaj-Sirjan zone and also river sediments over the fourth era of geology. The existence of these igneous masses has led to the creation of diverse mineral resources in the city, such as the lead and zinc mines of Saleh-e-Peighambar, Godar-e-Sorkh china stone, Konjedjan marble, Haj Gharav plaster and ... . These mines are economically important for the people of this city and due to these conditions, Golpayegan and its area are strong in terms of mineral potential and therefore can play an effective role in regional development. In this research, we tried to investigate the role of geomorphology as one of the important branches of geography science. Geomorphology, on the one hand, studies units and forms such as highs and lows of areas such as mountains, plains…, and, on the other hand, the internal and external processes that form these tectonic units. These units, which have been transformed by various physical, chemical and biological factors from the first period of geology on until they have reached their current shape in modern times, are considered as one of the most valuable natural resources for humanity that are scattered in different geographic regions on the basis of geological and geomorphological characteristics. The method of examination and analysis in this paper relies on the geographic information system and the descriptive method. Using field observations and geological and topographic maps of the region we integrate the sediments of the region and existing mines based on ground surfaces (convex, concave, or flat) On the topographic maps, determine which types of mines and ores are located, how is the spatial distribution of mines based on the land levels, and assess the environmental capability of the region by preparing a map of mineral and ore mining processes.
Sa'di Mohammadi
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 93-101
Abstract
Today, the colossal tourism industry, especially domestic tourism, has a special place in the countries and has an active and effective role in promoting the economic, social and cultural structure of the countries, especially in the developing countries. In this regard, rural tourism is also part of ...
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Today, the colossal tourism industry, especially domestic tourism, has a special place in the countries and has an active and effective role in promoting the economic, social and cultural structure of the countries, especially in the developing countries. In this regard, rural tourism is also part of the tourism industry, which can play an important role in empowering local people and diversifying their economic growth as well as creating new employment opportunities in close connection with other economic sectors. Rural tourism is one of the relatively good rural development grounds that can provide opportunities and facilities especially for rural employment and income, and have an effective role in the revival and renovation of rural areas. The optimal utilization of rural tourism potential as a complementary strategy for rural development can be considered as a sure step for the promotion and development of rural spaces of the country in all economic, social, cultural and environmental dimensions. Therefore, the present paper illustrates the potentials of rural areas for rural tourism and the impact of tourism on rural development.
Mohammad Reza Zand Moghaddam
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 102-108
Abstract
By expanding the application of the Global Positioning System (GPS), this method became increasingly inexpensive, light and easy. The accuracy of the GPS was improved, and apparently, the constant control of the morphological changes on the surface of the earth altered slowly and modestly. The purpose ...
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By expanding the application of the Global Positioning System (GPS), this method became increasingly inexpensive, light and easy. The accuracy of the GPS was improved, and apparently, the constant control of the morphological changes on the surface of the earth altered slowly and modestly. The purpose of the study is to measure morphology of ditches in a pond near Loyd in the Shankxi province using GPS. there are three main types of ditches within the area of study: the side ditches, valley ditches, hill slope ditches. This research focuses mainly on ditches of the hill slopes. The ditches of the slope in the research area are largely discontinuous and develop rapidly. In the area of research, the density of the ditch is very large. The regress rate of the slopes of the hill is 0.16-2.0m per year. The relationship between the drainage area with high slope (A) and the main slope (S) of the ditches of hill slopes is S = 0.1839 A. The 2AS values in the main cuttings of the hill slope ditches are in a range of 41 to 814 square meters and most of them range from 100 to 300 square meters. Both of these relationships are considered as indicators of the position of the ditch’s main cutting.
Sohrab Askari
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, Pages 107-113
Abstract
Persian Gulf has belonged to Iran since the dawn of history. The presence of Iranians in this aquatic zone is a historical and geographical fact. In some periods of history, the Persian Gulf was considered as amongst inland waters. The lawful presence of Iran in the Persian Gulf dates back to the year ...
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Persian Gulf has belonged to Iran since the dawn of history. The presence of Iranians in this aquatic zone is a historical and geographical fact. In some periods of history, the Persian Gulf was considered as amongst inland waters. The lawful presence of Iran in the Persian Gulf dates back to the year 1923. At that time, despite the opposition of major powers such as Britain and the United States, attempts were made to make the presence of Iranian navy in the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea organized. By adopting the law of determining the extent of the coastal waters and the area of state control in the seas, on July 15, 1934, Iran's actions became operational. In the year 1956, the oil law was ratified and exploration operations began in the territories of Iran. Iraq, without specifying its maritime territory, claimed that Iran's operations had entered the territory of that country. It went on to take unilateral measures to determine the scope of his maritime area, which faced Iran’s non-acceptance. Over the past five decades, the land and border issues and political differences between Iran and Iraq have been effective in the lack of sea division between the two countries. The geographic position of the coasts of Iran and Iraq relative to each other and the exact location of the Tripartite Point, which is the crossing point of the maritime borders of Iran, Iraq and Kuwait, will have a great influence on the future border-determination process of the two countries. Currently, Iran's sea border with Iraq is under the influence of issues such as the re-signing of Algeria treaty in 1975, marking the borders with bars, the dredging of the Shatt al-Arab River (Arvandroud), the payment of war damage inflicted by Iraq, and so on. This article, while explaining the above-mentioned issues, tries to explain the necessity of settling the Iranian sea border with Iraq.
