Mahdi Modiri
Volume 10, Issue 39 , November 2001, Pages 2-5
Abstract
Graphics such as maps, aerial photos and satellite images have become an integral part of the web. One of the reasons for this is reducing the cost of distribution and presentation, because putting color graphics on the web is much cheaper than color printing on paper. When we consider the extra shipping ...
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Graphics such as maps, aerial photos and satellite images have become an integral part of the web. One of the reasons for this is reducing the cost of distribution and presentation, because putting color graphics on the web is much cheaper than color printing on paper. When we consider the extra shipping and distribution costs for print products, we will realize that distributing maps and images over the Internet is cost-effective. However, printing maps has advantages that cannot be ignored, including very suitable print resolution (the high resolution print has a resolution of 1200 to 3400 dots per inch or 472 to 1339 dots per centimeter). On the other hand, computer screen can only have a precision of 65 to 120 dpi (25.6 to 47.2 dots per centimeter). Computer screen has limitations in terms of screen dimensions: the standard screen size ranges from 14 inches to 21 inches, while maps, photos and prints can be made at much larger cuts.
Rasul Ghorbani (Translator)
Volume 10, Issue 39 , November 2001, Pages 6-12
Abstract
Rosario in Argentina has different classes in terms of housing quality and access to physical and social infrastructure. To evaluate the needs of recently decentralized departments, utilization of new management tools is needed to analyze facilities and constraints. The GIS application can contribute ...
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Rosario in Argentina has different classes in terms of housing quality and access to physical and social infrastructure. To evaluate the needs of recently decentralized departments, utilization of new management tools is needed to analyze facilities and constraints. The GIS application can contribute to this assessment. It can serve public housing by revealing problematic areas and improving resource allocation, and so contributing effectively to the efficiency of housing efforts and determination of spatial inequalities associated with social infrastructure that afflict most deprived groups. It can also help estimate the apparent demand and compare it with the demand extracted from indicators. According to the assessment, the city of Rosario contains basic disparities within its internal parts. The combined application of extractive and apparent demand for housing shows that in some cases the indices suggest less than real demands, or ignore them altogether. The growth of demand for GIS tools and access to statistical data in digital form will improve and unite the assessments of the need for housing and its impacts on spatial inequalities.
Khosrow Khajeh
Volume 10, Issue 39 , November 2001, Pages 13-16
Abstract
Since the developments of geomatic sciences proceed rapidly and provision of higher education related to this discipline in academic environments does not enjoy the necessary coherence and coordination, instructors and professors have to search for new ways of providing academic courses. The Internet ...
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Since the developments of geomatic sciences proceed rapidly and provision of higher education related to this discipline in academic environments does not enjoy the necessary coherence and coordination, instructors and professors have to search for new ways of providing academic courses. The Internet provides great potential for distance education.The Old Dominion University, located in Virginia, USA, is one of the few universities that have adopted distance education technologies as the main method of presenting courses.New types of university courses’ presentation that use the Internet technology are quickly brought on the network. (This article, while expressing the Old Dominion’s experience of adopting the new method in education, identifies the problems encountered during implementation of this experiment.)Distance education is a process in which the instructor is separated from students in terms of location and time, or students are separated from one another.The implementation of computer and electronic technology has influenced current practices in such a way that the professor and student can interact and communicate either immediately or with a delay whenever necessary.
Seyyed Yahya Safavi
Volume 10, Issue 39 , November 2001, Pages 17-20
Abstract
Commanders, chiefs of units and, in general, forces from upper positions to the lowest armed units need to know how the geological and soil status of an area affect combat and support operations. Here we briefly provide commanders and military experts with discussions relating to the characteristics ...
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Commanders, chiefs of units and, in general, forces from upper positions to the lowest armed units need to know how the geological and soil status of an area affect combat and support operations. Here we briefly provide commanders and military experts with discussions relating to the characteristics of the earth's crust, and then specify the major military implications more clearly.
Hamid Malmirian (Translator)
Volume 10, Issue 39 , November 2001, Pages 21-24
Abstract
The application of remote sensing can be highly variable when it examines the supply and demand of agricultural products on the world market. The global problems of population, environment’s quality, energy, climate and especially the physical, biological and technological problems that modern ...
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The application of remote sensing can be highly variable when it examines the supply and demand of agricultural products on the world market. The global problems of population, environment’s quality, energy, climate and especially the physical, biological and technological problems that modern agriculture faces are very widespread and are in turn affected by human values and traditions as well as economic, political and social systems.Here we do not attempt to study a large picture produced by remote sensing for agricultural applications; instead, we consider the direct application of aerial photo interpretation in three selected areas: classification of product type, assessment of product condition and estimate of product quantities.
Zoleikha Bagheri (Translator)
Volume 10, Issue 39 , November 2001, Pages 25-34
Abstract
The role of astronomers in life: the picture on this page showing human beings at exploration was painted in 1947 by Rufino Tamayo. In this work, the effort of modern human for recognition of the universe is described. Certain moons and comets can be witnessed in the sky. Geometric shapes in the background ...
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The role of astronomers in life: the picture on this page showing human beings at exploration was painted in 1947 by Rufino Tamayo. In this work, the effort of modern human for recognition of the universe is described. Certain moons and comets can be witnessed in the sky. Geometric shapes in the background represent celestial and planetary images. The red radio tower which sends out signals indicates the existence of civilization on other planets…
Fereshteh Tavakkoli
Volume 10, Issue 39 , November 2001, Pages 35-38
Abstract
Geomorphologic studies of areas are among the important issues that need to be addressed in construction studies. The necessity of conducting these studies and other relevant research is more acutely felt for areas that have still remained free from the settlement and passage of great human populations. ...
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Geomorphologic studies of areas are among the important issues that need to be addressed in construction studies. The necessity of conducting these studies and other relevant research is more acutely felt for areas that have still remained free from the settlement and passage of great human populations. Obviously, with the establishment of residential, commercial and especially industrial and agricultural centers, natural instabilities that were not taken into consideration in the past gain special importance. According to natural principles, it is necessary to first study the geological structure and in particular the geomorphological evolution of the region.In this paper, a study was conducted on the blue lake located in Lorestan province and attempts have been made to identify the stages of its formation and, based on this knowledge, to implement constructional, agricultural, commercial and industrial plans. As discussed in the article, Gohar Lake, located in Lorestan province, will be under the feet of millions of travelers, tourists and explorers.
Abbas Ali Saleh Abadi
Volume 10, Issue 39 , November 2001, Pages 39-43
Abstract
While everyone can witness and perceive that surface of the earth has an irregular and complicated shape, and it's a clear and definite fact, there are nevertheless many problems in modulating this irregular surface, as well as doing any kind of calculations in connection with it.For our practical applications, ...
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While everyone can witness and perceive that surface of the earth has an irregular and complicated shape, and it's a clear and definite fact, there are nevertheless many problems in modulating this irregular surface, as well as doing any kind of calculations in connection with it.For our practical applications, we need a regular and uniform shape that would be very close to the topographic surface of the earth. Remember that even the topography of the Himalayas Mountains, which are 8 kilometers high, appears as a thin layer in comparison to the 6400-kilometer radius of the earth; in other words, if it is shown in the global topography, it will have a radius of 2 meters, which means that its height cannot exceed 21.2 mm.
Seyyed Ramin Ghaffari
Volume 10, Issue 39 , November 2001, Pages 44-48
Abstract
Space and spatial organization are among the topics that have entered the world's geographic literature since the 1950s.- Imbalance in urban and rural development and in distribution of their benefits;- A comprehensive view of various natural, economic, social and physical aspects in dealing with the ...
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Space and spatial organization are among the topics that have entered the world's geographic literature since the 1950s.- Imbalance in urban and rural development and in distribution of their benefits;- A comprehensive view of various natural, economic, social and physical aspects in dealing with the problems of human societies;- Lack of ability of spatial structure and organization of geographic areas, especially in rural areas of the Third World and backward countries, to respond satisfactorily to contemporary issues and needs;- Acquiring reasonable scales in investment and economic-social planning;- Balanced distribution of population, services and activities with regard to actual and dormant potentials at homogeneous spatial levels;And ... can be considered as among the most important reasons for planners and geographers to show significant inclination toward studies with spatial dimensions. Without any doubt, with the passage of time and emergence of the daily increasing disappointments of polarization and central planning in achieving balanced development, the necessity of spatial integration, especially for rural areas of developing countries such as Iran, is ever more felt.
In this regard, the organization of spatial system of rural settlements was considered as one of the projects which, considering its especially comprehensive view of rural environment and zone-based attitude, if seriously addressed, would be able to pave the way for solving many issues in our country's rural areas.In this article, while exploring the concepts of space, rural space, spatial organization and structure, the background and objectives of spatial organization of rural settlements in Iran and its results have been discussed.
Parviz Rad
Volume 10, Issue 39 , November 2001, Pages 49-56
Abstract
In a systematic and comprehensive approach, the two categories of village and city should not only be analyzed as a whole (integrally), but the development of either one depends on the development of the other. As long as rural management system is not aligned with urban management system, and until ...
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In a systematic and comprehensive approach, the two categories of village and city should not only be analyzed as a whole (integrally), but the development of either one depends on the development of the other. As long as rural management system is not aligned with urban management system, and until the necessary social, economic and physical preconditions are not prepared by coherent rural management at the rural settlement level, it will be only too optimistic if we suppose that by converting village into city the broad rural problems will be solved. The present paper seeks to provide with a basic introduction of the effects of the transformation of village into a based on the 1986-1996 census of the Iranian settlement system in order to introduce optimum conditions and criteria for a relative success of this policy at the national level.
Mohammad Fahimi (Translator)
Volume 10, Issue 39 , November 2001, Pages 57-60
Abstract
Practical applications of digital photogrammetric systems are increasing day by day. An important feature of digital photogrammetry (DP) is its capability to combine photogrammetry with other technologies such as computer science, computer graphic design, implementation of design identification, image ...
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Practical applications of digital photogrammetric systems are increasing day by day. An important feature of digital photogrammetry (DP) is its capability to combine photogrammetry with other technologies such as computer science, computer graphic design, implementation of design identification, image processing, geographic information engineering and many other possibilities found in ordinary computers.
Shahram Bahrami (Translator)
Volume 10, Issue 39 , November 2001, Pages 61-64
Abstract
We rarely think about the accuracy of the measurements we carry out. The present paper explains some of the benefits of thinking about errors as well as the many ways by which errors affect our measurements in natural geography in order to remove related uncertainties.Basically, natural geography is ...
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We rarely think about the accuracy of the measurements we carry out. The present paper explains some of the benefits of thinking about errors as well as the many ways by which errors affect our measurements in natural geography in order to remove related uncertainties.Basically, natural geography is still a science dependent on field studies, and for natural geographic examinations we need to measure the size of natural shapes and environmental processes. For example, in the 2010 AEB-A Curriculum, volunteers are expected to conduct field research in which it is necessary to collect, record and interpret raw field data accurately.The best example is calculation of river flow rate, which requires the measurement of the two parameters of river’s shape of passageway and velocity of the flow.