Mahdi Modiri
Volume 8, Issue 29 , May 1999, Pages 2-5
Abstract
Currently, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are useful software packages in which many tools and models are as strange for users as a factory of robot assembly for a simple worker (Barrow, 1991). Unfamiliar terms limit GIS application and make users unaware of the fact that a set of data is the product ...
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Currently, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are useful software packages in which many tools and models are as strange for users as a factory of robot assembly for a simple worker (Barrow, 1991). Unfamiliar terms limit GIS application and make users unaware of the fact that a set of data is the product of a long-term process that significantly limits data usability. There are methods for description of spatial data which are informally common.
Today in many countries the process of preparation of basic (benchmark) coverage maps has replaced new automatic methods. But in many mapping machines the preparation of maps is still in the form of production and storage of copies of maps on various scales. There are different reasons for this fact, including:
Tools necessary for production and implementation of different stages of generalization of geographic data are not available;
Suitable system for multiplication and spread of new information resulted from a series of data is not possible to provide;
The process of correction of vast data needs great amount of time. (Muller et al., 1995)
Ali Akbar Rasuli
Volume 8, Issue 29 , May 1999, Pages 6-13
Abstract
Geographic information system (GIS) is a phrase for expressing a deep, broad concept. Basically, geographic information system is a computer technology including hardware and software which has emerged in recent decades with the aim of reception, organization, analysis and finally design and production ...
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Geographic information system (GIS) is a phrase for expressing a deep, broad concept. Basically, geographic information system is a computer technology including hardware and software which has emerged in recent decades with the aim of reception, organization, analysis and finally design and production of various models (such as maps of underground resources) and which is currently evolving toward completion. The determining factor which distinguishes this technology from other systems of information storage and recovery is its attitude toward geographic places. This quality has helped GIS as a new technology to turn into a dynamic industry in analysis of quantitative and qualitative data and design of various types of geographic images.
In this paper, it is tried to briefly consider space imaging using GIS and to introduce the principles of geographic image design.
Susan Mesgari (Translator); Ali Jahani (Technical Editor)
Volume 8, Issue 29 , May 1999, Pages 14-15
Abstract
Today computer systems have found vast applications in various fields, including preparation of maps and analysis of descriptive and spatial information. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), as computer systems utilizing modern software and hardware facilities, have been able to present remarkable services ...
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Today computer systems have found vast applications in various fields, including preparation of maps and analysis of descriptive and spatial information. Geographic Information Systems (GIS), as computer systems utilizing modern software and hardware facilities, have been able to present remarkable services in collection, analysis and display of information. In this regard, the Global Positioning System (GPS) is of greater importance as one of the most important sources of providing information for GIS. In this paper, the author has tried to raise major questions regarding the precision of collected data through GPS/GIS, and to discuss the qualities of spatial and characteristic data in different aspects.
Hasan Beik Mohammadi
Volume 8, Issue 29 , May 1999, Pages 16-19
Abstract
Foreign commerce, increase of exports and consequently earning foreign exchange is one of the important tools of economic development in different countries of the world, and sustainable economic development – in the form of diversification of export products – is one of the major courses ...
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Foreign commerce, increase of exports and consequently earning foreign exchange is one of the important tools of economic development in different countries of the world, and sustainable economic development – in the form of diversification of export products – is one of the major courses of action in political, social and economic development of any country.
It is clear that one of the methods of expansion of exports is the establishment of free trade-industrial zones. Creation of such zones is not a new phenomenon in the world, and dates back to early eighteenth century. This option has been tried in many European, American and Asian countries and has played a major role in their development. In other words, free trade-industrial zones have provided the possibility of economic growth of such countries by connecting them to global economy, absorbing foreign investment and utilizing regional potentials. One of the highly successful examples of these zones are those of Southeastern Asian countries and their role in expansion of exports and earning foreign exchange. The growth rate of exports in countries such as Singapore, South Korea, Malaysia, China’s Shanghai and Taiwan are more like legends, and it is claimed that Singapore’s exports of electronic equipment has been more than $20 billion monthly.
One of the economic characteristics of Iran is its single-product nature. Therefore, this economy is highly vulnerable to political and economic challenges and crises, and the country’s current conditions and problems are clear evidences of this claim. In this regard, this country, with the aim of diversifying economic activities and removing some of their problems such as lack of sufficient foreign exchange, modern technologies, management skills, creation of jobs, etc., introduced the Kish, Qeshm and some parts of Chabahar City as free trade-industrial zones in its first five-year economic, social and cultural developmental plan (1987-1993).
What we seek in this paper using historical, descriptive and analytical methods is to know:What is a free trade-industrial zone and what are its aims?Which are Iran’s Free trade-industrial zones and what characteristics they have?What aims does Islamic Republic of Iran follow by creation of such zones?What are the reasons for determining Chabahar as a free trade-industrial zone?How has been the performance of the Chabahar free zone in development of Iran and the region?
Hamid Enayati (Translator)
Volume 8, Issue 29 , May 1999, Pages 20-25
Abstract
The “Mars 96” Russian satellite began its mission in the fall of 1996. This satellite carries HRSC (stereo cameras with high resolution) and WAOSS (scanner and electronic stereo-optical with obtuse angles) German cameras.
This satellite provides amending images and colored visual mosaics ...
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The “Mars 96” Russian satellite began its mission in the fall of 1996. This satellite carries HRSC (stereo cameras with high resolution) and WAOSS (scanner and electronic stereo-optical with obtuse angles) German cameras.
This satellite provides amending images and colored visual mosaics with fully-automatic process and uses calibrated geometrical information from WAOSS, HRSC and CCD cameras for producing amending images. Orbital information for any line is derived from the whole band of visual information (improved by photogrammetric bundle adjustment) and digital terrain models (DTM) through the Image Matching Method and interpolation techniques.
The geometric aspect of making such mosaics is controlled by the bundle block adjustment method and mosaic’s radiometry is improved in this way. Coverage areas, division lines and characteristics necessary to be known in advance are implemented automatically, and do not have mutual effect on the screen of the image processing system.
High-quality colored mosaics can produce valuable colored information using IHS color conversion and considering their high resolution. This is particularly true about colored topographic images of maps on scales 1: 500,000 to 1: 50,000, and contour lines are derived from a DTM; they are desirable products of this cartographic mission to the planet Mats.
Abbas Khosravi (Translator)
Volume 8, Issue 29 , May 1999, Pages 26-29
Abstract
Preparing of land use maps is of great importance in terms of assessment of current situation, land utilization and examination of problems preventing more satisfactory land use.
One of the techniques whose resultant information can be used as the source for preparation of land use maps is ground resource ...
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Preparing of land use maps is of great importance in terms of assessment of current situation, land utilization and examination of problems preventing more satisfactory land use.
One of the techniques whose resultant information can be used as the source for preparation of land use maps is ground resource satellites which receive information from the ground level, and present it after certain stages and through different ways.
This translated paper shows that the information from the IRS-1C satellite can be useful in development of proper methods for preparation of land use maps due to its special characteristics.
Fatemeh Razi'ei (Translator)
Volume 8, Issue 29 , May 1999, Pages 30-41
Abstract
OEEPE has participated in preparation and implementation of tests for comparison of different geocoding methods, ERS-1 SPR data and application of geocoded SAR. ESA has presented data and confirmed the tests. DRL has collected and distributed data.
EFAE presented other data of the second phase of project; ...
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OEEPE has participated in preparation and implementation of tests for comparison of different geocoding methods, ERS-1 SPR data and application of geocoded SAR. ESA has presented data and confirmed the tests. DRL has collected and distributed data.
EFAE presented other data of the second phase of project; these data included: KF-1000 images, Thematic Mapper data and DEM (digital elevation model). The location of the test was in Frankfurt, Germany and the images of four ERS-1s along with two DEMs and ground control information can be presented.
Twenty organizations from European and North American countries expressed interest in testing data. These data were sent to fourteen different organizations. Reports by A number of these organizations were presented at the fourth Geo SAR station.
These reports clarify the aims of the test and describe presented data. The methods and results are summarized and participants and supplementary articles examine the case thoroughly. It was concluded from the test that Geocoding can provide high precision in comparison with maps in cases where the volume of information related to surveying is limited.
Hasan Afrakhteh
Volume 8, Issue 29 , May 1999, Pages 42-45
Abstract
One of the major goals of development is provision of needs and wishes which lead to the improvement of people’s quality of life, and one of the main needs of such kind is housing and suitable place of living. Proper house is a certain social right of people. This paper focuses on case study regarding ...
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One of the major goals of development is provision of needs and wishes which lead to the improvement of people’s quality of life, and one of the main needs of such kind is housing and suitable place of living. Proper house is a certain social right of people. This paper focuses on case study regarding villages at the foot of mountains in west of Gilan. It is aimed to clarify the level of agreement between native houses and architecture and needs and wishes of inhabitants as well as achievement of balanced development. For this purpose, first the rules and conditions of suitable house are reviewed. Next, these rules are applied to rural houses in the studied area. Finally, conclusions are made and certain suggestions are presented.
Hosein Ghahra'ei
Volume 8, Issue 29 , May 1999, Pages 46-47
Abstract
Different races and nations are familiar with the week and the name of weekdays very well: Saturday, Sunday…, and plan their life, including work, worship, rest, fun… according to them, although the beginning and final days of week are different in various nations and followers of religions.
In ...
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Different races and nations are familiar with the week and the name of weekdays very well: Saturday, Sunday…, and plan their life, including work, worship, rest, fun… according to them, although the beginning and final days of week are different in various nations and followers of religions.
In this article, it has been tried to present facts and information about the origin of weeks and the problems that week can create in our time reckoning as well as naming weekdays in Ancient Iran and other countries.
Hamid Malmirian (Translator)
Volume 8, Issue 29 , May 1999, Pages 48-52
Abstract
Remote sensing is the art of obtaining information about an object, area or phenomenon through analysis of data gained by tools that are not in physical contact with the case studied. In many ways, remote sensing can be considered as a “reading” process. Using different sensors, data that ...
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Remote sensing is the art of obtaining information about an object, area or phenomenon through analysis of data gained by tools that are not in physical contact with the case studied. In many ways, remote sensing can be considered as a “reading” process. Using different sensors, data that can be analyzed with the aim of obtaining information about phenomena studied is collected remotely. Such data might be in different forms, including changes in distribution of forces, propagation of sound waves or electromagnetic energy. Finally, these data are processed for users who need to use them for their decision-making systems. In this paper, the basic rules of this field are studied under the title “remote sensing processing”. The discussion begins with bases of electromagnetic energy, and then the collision of energy with the earth’s atmosphere and surface features are examined. In addition, the role of reference data in analysis methods is evaluated. These bases will help us identify an ideal system of remote sensing. The limitations of remote sensing systems can be studied based on this framework. GIS bases will be discussed briefly as well. Eventually, it is hoped that reader of this paper will gain a general understanding about principles, concepts and applications of remote sensing and the close connection between this technology and GIS.
Mahdi Nourbakhsh
Volume 8, Issue 29 , May 1999, Pages 53-57
Abstract
Time is one of the major factors in natural events whose accurate prediction has always been considered by human. Sudden and unexpected occurrence of some of such events, especially those with great range of changes, have brought humans many problems. Today, it is tried to predict the return period of ...
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Time is one of the major factors in natural events whose accurate prediction has always been considered by human. Sudden and unexpected occurrence of some of such events, especially those with great range of changes, have brought humans many problems. Today, it is tried to predict the return period of events using mathematical equations and statistical relationships, especially statistical distributions.
The main goal of this paper is precise prediction of events with relatively great range of changes. In this regard, common distribution models have been exploited in a way that this goal can be achieved. This research is based on statistical relationships, and it has been tried to estimate the quantitative values of events and their time of occurrence.
Esma'il Shahkouei
Volume 8, Issue 29 , May 1999, Pages 58-64
Abstract
In this research it has been tried to form a common statistical basis based on available statistical data for studied stations. Then, using the average of meteorological data for a period of twenty-one years (1964-1985) and various coefficients and formula for climatic classification, Gorgan Province’s ...
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In this research it has been tried to form a common statistical basis based on available statistical data for studied stations. Then, using the average of meteorological data for a period of twenty-one years (1964-1985) and various coefficients and formula for climatic classification, Gorgan Province’s climate has been classified.
