National Geographical OrganizationScientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)2588-386023SEPEHR20140622MoroccoMorocco21713021FASeyyed YahyaSafaviJournal Article20140409The Islamic World book series have studied social, political and economic changes and transitions in the Islamic World, especially in strategic areas like Northern Africa, Western Asia, Central Asia, South Western Asia in 2010 and afterward. Now, more than a year has passed on the Islamic Awakening movements of the brave, ancient and Muslim nations of Egypt, Libya, Yemen and Bahrain, and people of the world generally do not have comprehensive information about the political system, cultural and economic issues of these countries. Even in some internationally and regionally held conferences with the presence of authorities in Islamic countries, they did not have a comprehensive and strategic view of the huge capabilities of Islamic culture, and the opportunities and threats facing the Islamic World. Therefore, the Islamic World book series are written with an understanding of this needs and reality. The present article investigates “Morocco” which is among the countries discussed in the first book. The Islamic World book series have studied social, political and economic changes and transitions in the Islamic World, especially in strategic areas like Northern Africa, Western Asia, Central Asia, South Western Asia in 2010 and afterward. Now, more than a year has passed on the Islamic Awakening movements of the brave, ancient and Muslim nations of Egypt, Libya, Yemen and Bahrain, and people of the world generally do not have comprehensive information about the political system, cultural and economic issues of these countries. Even in some internationally and regionally held conferences with the presence of authorities in Islamic countries, they did not have a comprehensive and strategic view of the huge capabilities of Islamic culture, and the opportunities and threats facing the Islamic World. Therefore, the Islamic World book series are written with an understanding of this needs and reality. The present article investigates “Morocco” which is among the countries discussed in the first book. https://www.sepehr.org/article_13021_83a46f92eec62c8ee20f7f38514607d2.pdfNational Geographical OrganizationScientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)2588-386023SEPEHR20140622Effective evaluation of safety of recreational space for children (Case Study: Tehran Niavaran neighborhood)Effective evaluation of safety of recreational space for children (Case Study: Tehran Niavaran neighborhood)182413022FAEsmailShiehShaghayeghSharafiJournal Article20140610Today with the development of urbanism and evolution of the citizen’s residential patterns, the quality of children presence in public arenas and recreational areas, their interaction with groups of children of the same age in these areas have been effected due to security problems and increasing level of vulnerability in these areas. This has resulted in the confinement of children to the house environment, and children have limited opportunity for exploring themselves and experiencing the natural environment.
The present article seeks to investigate effective factors in the security of children recreational areas. Study is performed in Niavaran district and Niavaran Park. Statistical group consists of 9591 residents of Niavaran district. Statistical sample were analyzed using standard deviation, sampling methods, and by distributing questionnaires between 95 people (about 1 percent of statistical group).
Three research questions were proposed: How much does the design of playgrounds, equipment in the play grounds, and its environmental features influence the children security? Variables were included in the questionnaires with Likert spectrum.
Results indicate that the design of play grounds plays an important role in children safety. Variables like hidden and insecure corners, playground distinction, how the playground is equipped, lighting and material used in playground floor are more effective. Moreover, the equipment used in playground and the security of equipment have an important role in children security. Environmental features are also somehow important in children security. In this regard, trusting playground, increasing visibility, and marginal and active land usages have a more significant role.Today with the development of urbanism and evolution of the citizen’s residential patterns, the quality of children presence in public arenas and recreational areas, their interaction with groups of children of the same age in these areas have been effected due to security problems and increasing level of vulnerability in these areas. This has resulted in the confinement of children to the house environment, and children have limited opportunity for exploring themselves and experiencing the natural environment.
The present article seeks to investigate effective factors in the security of children recreational areas. Study is performed in Niavaran district and Niavaran Park. Statistical group consists of 9591 residents of Niavaran district. Statistical sample were analyzed using standard deviation, sampling methods, and by distributing questionnaires between 95 people (about 1 percent of statistical group).
Three research questions were proposed: How much does the design of playgrounds, equipment in the play grounds, and its environmental features influence the children security? Variables were included in the questionnaires with Likert spectrum.
Results indicate that the design of play grounds plays an important role in children safety. Variables like hidden and insecure corners, playground distinction, how the playground is equipped, lighting and material used in playground floor are more effective. Moreover, the equipment used in playground and the security of equipment have an important role in children security. Environmental features are also somehow important in children security. In this regard, trusting playground, increasing visibility, and marginal and active land usages have a more significant role.https://www.sepehr.org/article_13022_250202b148644c266354b266afe7b9d6.pdfNational Geographical OrganizationScientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)2588-386023SEPEHR20140622Locate suitable sites for artificial recharge
Surface water and flood spreading.
Using Geographic Information System (GIS)
(Case study: city of Sabzevar)Locate suitable sites for artificial recharge
Surface water and flood spreading.
Using Geographic Information System (GIS)
(Case study: city of Sabzevar)253113023FAGhasemKeykhosraviZahraYarmoradiJournal Article20140610Supplying crops’ water needs in arid areas is only possible through irrigation, since low precipitation, high evaporation and inappropriate distribution of rainfall makes dry farming economically unjustifiable. Yet, perennial rivers cannot supply water needs of different sectors, and the shortcomings must be compensated from other areas like underground resources. In arid and semi-arid areas, inconstant distribution of precipitation across time and space and lack of appropriate vegetation have changed the life-giving precipitation into a natural disaster which becomes useless in the form of devastating flood. In such areas, artificial feeding of groundwater resources by floodwater is a way of preventing land degradation.
In the present article, we first produced different maps (slope, soil, land usage, Isohyetal) of Sabzevar city. Then adapting information layers using GIS, appropriate places for artificial feeding of groundwater were exploited. Afterwards, distribution map of Quaternary alluviums across the city was exploited in GIS environment to determine appropriate places for distributing floodwater.
Results indicate that 3279.96 km<sup>2</sup> (out of 20502 km<sup>2</sup>, 16%) are appropriate for artificial feeding plans, and around 6017.76 km<sup>2</sup>, i.e. around 29.4 percent of the city area are appropriate for floodwater distribution plans. Finally integrating these two maps, an area of around 1591.56 km<sup>2</sup> (7.76%) is estimated to be appropriate for artificial feeding and distributing floodwater in this city.Supplying crops’ water needs in arid areas is only possible through irrigation, since low precipitation, high evaporation and inappropriate distribution of rainfall makes dry farming economically unjustifiable. Yet, perennial rivers cannot supply water needs of different sectors, and the shortcomings must be compensated from other areas like underground resources. In arid and semi-arid areas, inconstant distribution of precipitation across time and space and lack of appropriate vegetation have changed the life-giving precipitation into a natural disaster which becomes useless in the form of devastating flood. In such areas, artificial feeding of groundwater resources by floodwater is a way of preventing land degradation.
In the present article, we first produced different maps (slope, soil, land usage, Isohyetal) of Sabzevar city. Then adapting information layers using GIS, appropriate places for artificial feeding of groundwater were exploited. Afterwards, distribution map of Quaternary alluviums across the city was exploited in GIS environment to determine appropriate places for distributing floodwater.
Results indicate that 3279.96 km<sup>2</sup> (out of 20502 km<sup>2</sup>, 16%) are appropriate for artificial feeding plans, and around 6017.76 km<sup>2</sup>, i.e. around 29.4 percent of the city area are appropriate for floodwater distribution plans. Finally integrating these two maps, an area of around 1591.56 km<sup>2</sup> (7.76%) is estimated to be appropriate for artificial feeding and distributing floodwater in this city.https://www.sepehr.org/article_13023_4e593c72c99d0926835c128741499c53.pdfNational Geographical OrganizationScientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)2588-386023SEPEHR20140622Evaluate the effects of daily changes in the weather
Tourism in Kurdistan
Using PETEvaluate the effects of daily changes in the weather
Tourism in Kurdistan
Using PET324013025FAHooshmandAtaieSadatHasheminasabMarziehZareanReyhanehHeydariJournal Article20140610Weather and climate, along with safety level and political-social situation of tourist attractions have the most influential role and contribution in tourist attractions. In this study, physiologic equivalent temperature (PET) was applied and climatic elements like average dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, steam pressure and cloudiness (cloud amount) were used in 5 synoptic stations in a 20 year time period (1989-2009). Then, data were transferred to RayMan and results were inferred in the form of daily climatic calendars. The present article seeks to understand climatic-tourist conditions and the influence of each climatic elements on the human physiological structure in each days of a year. Results indicate that cold-stress exist in most days of the year which is the most important climatic limitation in these mentioned stations. Desirable climate covers only a short period of year, so that in Zarine-obato 65 days, in Saqez 46 days, in Bijar 43 days, in Qorve 40 days and finally in Sanandaj 33 days have desirable climate.Weather and climate, along with safety level and political-social situation of tourist attractions have the most influential role and contribution in tourist attractions. In this study, physiologic equivalent temperature (PET) was applied and climatic elements like average dry-bulb temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, steam pressure and cloudiness (cloud amount) were used in 5 synoptic stations in a 20 year time period (1989-2009). Then, data were transferred to RayMan and results were inferred in the form of daily climatic calendars. The present article seeks to understand climatic-tourist conditions and the influence of each climatic elements on the human physiological structure in each days of a year. Results indicate that cold-stress exist in most days of the year which is the most important climatic limitation in these mentioned stations. Desirable climate covers only a short period of year, so that in Zarine-obato 65 days, in Saqez 46 days, in Bijar 43 days, in Qorve 40 days and finally in Sanandaj 33 days have desirable climate.https://www.sepehr.org/article_13025_58426cf937eb05143f82b6d41e8968bd.pdfNational Geographical OrganizationScientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)2588-386023SEPEHR20140622Ecotourism located by Saytion
(Case study: Kerman)Ecotourism located by Saytion
(Case study: Kerman)414713028FAMohammad HoseinRameshtOzraDaneshi MaskooniJournal Article20140611Nature tourism which is referred to as ecotourism, is a kind of tourism in which the tourists visit natural landscape without damaging nature. Geotourism or geological tourism is an ecotourism-related field which introduces geological phenomena to tourists while sustaining spatial identity. Geotourists seeks to visit geomorphological attractions, ancient anthropological findings, caves, mine attractions, and etc. Comprehensive identification of prone areas for Nature and geological tourism and a precise planning to find resources of these areas are among necessary solutions for developing tourism industry. The present article seeks to investigate morphological forms and procedures influencing tourism in Kerman, recognize tourism attractions, and determine spatial priorities for selecting appropriate places to build tourism attractions in the area. Applied and descriptive-analytic research method is used. The study observes, describes and defines different parts of the area and it is performed as a secondary research and field study. In the present article, locating ecotourism in Kerman province is performed using citation method. A comprehensive view of different parts of the province and unique attractions of the area are presented, so that we can use available potentials to attract tourists. Kerman province is introduced as one of the most attractive places in regard to Nature tourism.Nature tourism which is referred to as ecotourism, is a kind of tourism in which the tourists visit natural landscape without damaging nature. Geotourism or geological tourism is an ecotourism-related field which introduces geological phenomena to tourists while sustaining spatial identity. Geotourists seeks to visit geomorphological attractions, ancient anthropological findings, caves, mine attractions, and etc. Comprehensive identification of prone areas for Nature and geological tourism and a precise planning to find resources of these areas are among necessary solutions for developing tourism industry. The present article seeks to investigate morphological forms and procedures influencing tourism in Kerman, recognize tourism attractions, and determine spatial priorities for selecting appropriate places to build tourism attractions in the area. Applied and descriptive-analytic research method is used. The study observes, describes and defines different parts of the area and it is performed as a secondary research and field study. In the present article, locating ecotourism in Kerman province is performed using citation method. A comprehensive view of different parts of the province and unique attractions of the area are presented, so that we can use available potentials to attract tourists. Kerman province is introduced as one of the most attractive places in regard to Nature tourism.https://www.sepehr.org/article_13028_3a900dc34f5f470bc5b734222f657d7f.pdfNational Geographical OrganizationScientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)2588-386023SEPEHR20140622Optimal locate fire stations in urban traffic networks to aid the earthquake
(Case study: Dehdasht)Optimal locate fire stations in urban traffic networks to aid the earthquake
(Case study: Dehdasht)485313029FASeyyed NematollahRashidifardArmanGheysvandiMohammadMohitSeyyed SamadDaneshiJournal Article20140611In urban areas, harmful influences of natural disasters include a combination of physical destructions and disruption in functions of urban elements. Destruction of structures and residential buildings, route networks and access points like bridges and communication roads and basic installations like water reservoirs, power plants, telephone lines, electricity, water pumps, gas, etc. are among these physical destructions and disruptions. Transportation network is the most important element in helping people and saving their lives after earthquakes. Optimal functioning of transportation network can decrease direct and indirect influences of crisis. This shows the importance of time and decreasing delay time in helping victims. Optimizing traffic allocation and finding the best place for fire stations in Dehdasht city are among goals and objectives of this study. It analyzes urban transportation network using GIS. A map is produced to show optimal places for building fire stations in Dehdasht city in regard to the situation of the present stations and also considering limitations and problems, weak and strong points.In urban areas, harmful influences of natural disasters include a combination of physical destructions and disruption in functions of urban elements. Destruction of structures and residential buildings, route networks and access points like bridges and communication roads and basic installations like water reservoirs, power plants, telephone lines, electricity, water pumps, gas, etc. are among these physical destructions and disruptions. Transportation network is the most important element in helping people and saving their lives after earthquakes. Optimal functioning of transportation network can decrease direct and indirect influences of crisis. This shows the importance of time and decreasing delay time in helping victims. Optimizing traffic allocation and finding the best place for fire stations in Dehdasht city are among goals and objectives of this study. It analyzes urban transportation network using GIS. A map is produced to show optimal places for building fire stations in Dehdasht city in regard to the situation of the present stations and also considering limitations and problems, weak and strong points.https://www.sepehr.org/article_13029_76c7c563b32ad9d8d09c72a2d17c90e1.pdfNational Geographical OrganizationScientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)2588-386023SEPEHR20140622Systemic risk,
Good governance and urban
Excess accumulation Metropolitan challenges in the economy
(Critique of the free market fundamentalism)Systemic risk,
Good governance and urban
Excess accumulation Metropolitan challenges in the economy
(Critique of the free market fundamentalism)545913030FAIesaPiriJournal Article20140611The present article focuses on metropolitan economy which is in fact a potential platform for periodic crisis, from the view point of the recent theory of systematic risk proposed by great scholars of political economy, such as David Harvey, Jivany Origi, John Belami Faster, and Joseph Estiglitz. Systematic risk is informed by accumulated surplus challenge which is discussed in Marxist theory. But the main difference between systematic risk and Marxist theory is in the platform in which it is realized. Systematic risk is realized in modern financial and credit capitalism, while accumulated surplus theory is realized in industrial capitalism and Fordist manufacturing. Dominant debate in urban policy is parallel with accumulated surplus, concentration, prosperity government and municipalism, while systematic risk mainly emphasizes on a kind of spatial, social-economical post Fordist system and scattered consistency caused by local social events and multiplied urban policy and good governance.The present article focuses on metropolitan economy which is in fact a potential platform for periodic crisis, from the view point of the recent theory of systematic risk proposed by great scholars of political economy, such as David Harvey, Jivany Origi, John Belami Faster, and Joseph Estiglitz. Systematic risk is informed by accumulated surplus challenge which is discussed in Marxist theory. But the main difference between systematic risk and Marxist theory is in the platform in which it is realized. Systematic risk is realized in modern financial and credit capitalism, while accumulated surplus theory is realized in industrial capitalism and Fordist manufacturing. Dominant debate in urban policy is parallel with accumulated surplus, concentration, prosperity government and municipalism, while systematic risk mainly emphasizes on a kind of spatial, social-economical post Fordist system and scattered consistency caused by local social events and multiplied urban policy and good governance.https://www.sepehr.org/article_13030_f2ce1333f818dec7cb51e00e74bedd15.pdfNational Geographical OrganizationScientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)2588-386023SEPEHR20140622Analysis of urban poverty
(Case study: the city of Mahabad)Analysis of urban poverty
(Case study: the city of Mahabad)606913031FAMansoorAziziAliMovahedFarzanehSasanpoorNematKordehJournal Article20130611Poverty is one of the most important issues of the world and an important internal problem of all societies of the world, no matter poor or rich. According to the statistics, poor communities in Asia, Africa and Latin America form 60 percent of world population, while possessing only 12 percent of the world income. Moreover, the issue of poverty is even present in rich communities as an acute social and economic issue. Poverty has always been a global issue, but it has gained more importance in the finishing years of the 70<sup>th</sup> decade and especially beginning years of 80<sup>th</sup> decade. Because in these years and after the acceptance of structural reform program, liberation and privatization in many countries of the world, poverty and supporting vulnerable groups gained more attention. Poverty and poverty alleviation are a global issue which include Iran. Many scholars believe that implementing economic plans affect low-income groups and increase poverty. Therefore, we seek to investigate poverty in Mahabad city and its influence on the city and urban management and provide necessary solutions. The study applies descriptive-analytic research method and questionnaires. Results indicate that a significant number of residents in Mahabad have an inappropriate economic situation. According to the research results, unemployment dilemma, limited manufacturing potential, weak economic foundations are some of the issues which have resulted in distorted distribution of resources and growth in poverty level in Mahabad and thus have increased social inequalities.Poverty is one of the most important issues of the world and an important internal problem of all societies of the world, no matter poor or rich. According to the statistics, poor communities in Asia, Africa and Latin America form 60 percent of world population, while possessing only 12 percent of the world income. Moreover, the issue of poverty is even present in rich communities as an acute social and economic issue. Poverty has always been a global issue, but it has gained more importance in the finishing years of the 70<sup>th</sup> decade and especially beginning years of 80<sup>th</sup> decade. Because in these years and after the acceptance of structural reform program, liberation and privatization in many countries of the world, poverty and supporting vulnerable groups gained more attention. Poverty and poverty alleviation are a global issue which include Iran. Many scholars believe that implementing economic plans affect low-income groups and increase poverty. Therefore, we seek to investigate poverty in Mahabad city and its influence on the city and urban management and provide necessary solutions. The study applies descriptive-analytic research method and questionnaires. Results indicate that a significant number of residents in Mahabad have an inappropriate economic situation. According to the research results, unemployment dilemma, limited manufacturing potential, weak economic foundations are some of the issues which have resulted in distorted distribution of resources and growth in poverty level in Mahabad and thus have increased social inequalities.https://www.sepehr.org/article_13031_9e1a4ad1551fcb87bfeb7061da4e11a2.pdfNational Geographical OrganizationScientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)2588-386023SEPEHR20140622Synoptic analysis of heavy rainfalls in Sistan and BaluchestanSynoptic analysis of heavy rainfalls in Sistan and Baluchestan707913032FAHasanLashkariMahdiKhazaieJournal Article20140611In order to investigate synoptic patterns of heavy precipitations in Sistan va Baluchestan province, 24 year (1987-2010) daily data of 6 synoptic stations was retrieved from meteorology organization. Moreover, data like sea level pressure, geo-potential elevation of 500 and 850 milibars were exploited from NCAR/NCEP database and then required maps were prepared in Grads software. Generally, two patters have resulted in the heavy precipitations in this province.
In the first pattern which resulted in precipitations of December12, 1995, a cyclone with contour plot of 1017.5 and 1020 milibars crossed the Arabian Sea, 24 hours before the precipitation and caused humidity spreading toward the area. In 850 milibars, a cyclone above the country results in cold weather flow and a low pressure system with a 1500 geopotenial meter contour plot passed the Bangla Gulf and the Arabian Sea and supply the necessary humidity conditions for rising in this equilibrium level.
In the second pattern which resulted in precipitations of June 5, 2010, a large low pressure system is formed 24 hours before the precipitation over southern part of Asia, which also influence south eastern and southern parts of Iran. 24 hours before the precipitation, a low altitude center covers the area under study and supply humidity and instability. On the day of precipitations, study area in 850 and 500 milibars are affected by a trough of 1475 and 5850 geopotenial meter contour plot and results in precipitation of this pattern.In order to investigate synoptic patterns of heavy precipitations in Sistan va Baluchestan province, 24 year (1987-2010) daily data of 6 synoptic stations was retrieved from meteorology organization. Moreover, data like sea level pressure, geo-potential elevation of 500 and 850 milibars were exploited from NCAR/NCEP database and then required maps were prepared in Grads software. Generally, two patters have resulted in the heavy precipitations in this province.
In the first pattern which resulted in precipitations of December12, 1995, a cyclone with contour plot of 1017.5 and 1020 milibars crossed the Arabian Sea, 24 hours before the precipitation and caused humidity spreading toward the area. In 850 milibars, a cyclone above the country results in cold weather flow and a low pressure system with a 1500 geopotenial meter contour plot passed the Bangla Gulf and the Arabian Sea and supply the necessary humidity conditions for rising in this equilibrium level.
In the second pattern which resulted in precipitations of June 5, 2010, a large low pressure system is formed 24 hours before the precipitation over southern part of Asia, which also influence south eastern and southern parts of Iran. 24 hours before the precipitation, a low altitude center covers the area under study and supply humidity and instability. On the day of precipitations, study area in 850 and 500 milibars are affected by a trough of 1475 and 5850 geopotenial meter contour plot and results in precipitation of this pattern.https://www.sepehr.org/article_13032_015c11191cbf983956d7c19e3434c0cf.pdfNational Geographical OrganizationScientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)2588-386023SEPEHR20140622Locate the best parking class Based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Boolean logic
(Case Study: Area 15
Tehran Municipality)Locate the best parking class Based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Boolean logic
(Case Study: Area 15
Tehran Municipality)808813033FARahimSarvarIrajYahyapoorJournal Article20140611With increasing growth of urban population and urban development, the necessity of building new public service centers and determining an optimal place for them have become obvious. Due to dramatic increase in population, chaotic development of the city, and increase in the number of vehicles manufactured in the metropolis, Tehran faces a shortage of appropriate places for parking vehicles in crowded areas. Optimal locating of public parking lots is an approach and solution for traffic dilemma. Geographic information systems and Boolean logic are appropriate systems for finding the most optimal place for building Multi-story parking lots. This article investigates and evaluates multi-story parking lots in Tehran 15<sup>th</sup> district, considering parameters like attractive centers for travelers, access networks and urban passages, quality-structure, traffic junctions, different useful land uses, etc. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to weight the above mentioned parameters, and Boolean logic was used to overlap produced layers. After applying final weights retrieved from AHP model and overlapping produced layers, optimal sites for locating Multi-story parking lots were determined. Finally, suggestions were proposed according to the results and requirements of time and space.With increasing growth of urban population and urban development, the necessity of building new public service centers and determining an optimal place for them have become obvious. Due to dramatic increase in population, chaotic development of the city, and increase in the number of vehicles manufactured in the metropolis, Tehran faces a shortage of appropriate places for parking vehicles in crowded areas. Optimal locating of public parking lots is an approach and solution for traffic dilemma. Geographic information systems and Boolean logic are appropriate systems for finding the most optimal place for building Multi-story parking lots. This article investigates and evaluates multi-story parking lots in Tehran 15<sup>th</sup> district, considering parameters like attractive centers for travelers, access networks and urban passages, quality-structure, traffic junctions, different useful land uses, etc. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to weight the above mentioned parameters, and Boolean logic was used to overlap produced layers. After applying final weights retrieved from AHP model and overlapping produced layers, optimal sites for locating Multi-story parking lots were determined. Finally, suggestions were proposed according to the results and requirements of time and space.https://www.sepehr.org/article_13033_527490f08486bf8af2b8d0bf6e73911b.pdfNational Geographical OrganizationScientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)2588-386023SEPEHR20140622Buyers locating urban facilities from the standpoint of passive defenseBuyers locating urban facilities from the standpoint of passive defense899313034FAAliMohammadpoorSaiedZarghamiJournal Article20140611Throughout history, locating urban facilities has always been necessary. Especially in the present era, it seems to be more important. Urban facilities are located using GIS, fuzzy model, overlap index, and etc.
In this regard, requirements must be observed with consideration of passive defense. Urban facilities are among vital urban centers and the first target of enemies whose damages paralyze the city and result in its fall. In regard to their sensitivity, the present article investigate urban facilities and propose some suggestions for finding appropriate locations considering passive defense requirements.Throughout history, locating urban facilities has always been necessary. Especially in the present era, it seems to be more important. Urban facilities are located using GIS, fuzzy model, overlap index, and etc.
In this regard, requirements must be observed with consideration of passive defense. Urban facilities are among vital urban centers and the first target of enemies whose damages paralyze the city and result in its fall. In regard to their sensitivity, the present article investigate urban facilities and propose some suggestions for finding appropriate locations considering passive defense requirements.https://www.sepehr.org/article_13034_e0154ac829acb5cb5735e1d1e7f48c68.pdfNational Geographical OrganizationScientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)2588-386023SEPEHR20140622Environmental hazardsEnvironmental hazards9410513035FAMohammad RezaServatiFaribaAzadRezaMansoori0000-0001-7396-5557Journal Article20140611Geomorphological events with a direct effect on human are especially important for applied geomorphologists. Our discussion in this article is limited to geomorphological hazards. Hazards happen after passing a threshold. Some hazards like earthquake are completely natural, but some others are quite related to human activity. Here we describe the main geomorphological hazards and their influences. Unfortunately, the wide range of geomorphological hazards is not completely understood, therefore table 1 provides a list of geomorphological hazards. Moreover, their catastrophic results are not understood and table 2 provides a list of the world most important natural disasters caused by geomorphological events. Some parts of the world are unfortunate enough to experience a large number of geomorphological hazards. There are two main discussions regarding hazards. First, some hazards like volcano, earthquakes, corrosions fault are results of structural motions of the earth crust and actually they act in a very short time interval. Second and more interestingly, some hazards caused by geomorphological procedures happen in a short period of time-within days, or even hours. River floods, sea floods and land slide are examples of these procedures. Events are transient and odd and they can catastrophically be described in more than one way.Geomorphological events with a direct effect on human are especially important for applied geomorphologists. Our discussion in this article is limited to geomorphological hazards. Hazards happen after passing a threshold. Some hazards like earthquake are completely natural, but some others are quite related to human activity. Here we describe the main geomorphological hazards and their influences. Unfortunately, the wide range of geomorphological hazards is not completely understood, therefore table 1 provides a list of geomorphological hazards. Moreover, their catastrophic results are not understood and table 2 provides a list of the world most important natural disasters caused by geomorphological events. Some parts of the world are unfortunate enough to experience a large number of geomorphological hazards. There are two main discussions regarding hazards. First, some hazards like volcano, earthquakes, corrosions fault are results of structural motions of the earth crust and actually they act in a very short time interval. Second and more interestingly, some hazards caused by geomorphological procedures happen in a short period of time-within days, or even hours. River floods, sea floods and land slide are examples of these procedures. Events are transient and odd and they can catastrophically be described in more than one way.https://www.sepehr.org/article_13035_1c39c39d1a341ba03ae48a942c6a43ef.pdfNational Geographical OrganizationScientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)2588-386023SEPEHR20140622Investigation on the geographical location of the municipal waste landfill
(Case Study: City Farooj)Investigation on the geographical location of the municipal waste landfill
(Case Study: City Farooj)10611213036FAMohammadMotamediArezooGholinejad Mir AbbasiMojtabaSabet KushkinianHojjatHataminejadJournal Article20140611Selecting a site for solid waste landfill is an important procedure in managing municipal solid waste and landfill sites should be selected with great precision and through a scientific process. Therefore, it is possible to select an appropriate site for solid waste landfill in accordance with environmental criteria using geographic information system. The present article is descriptive-analytic. Secondary research and field study were simultaneously used for data collection. It seeks to locate an optimal site for solid waste landfill in Faruj city. In this study, we first investigated factors and principles of locating municipal solid waste landfill according to valid resources. Then, maps of influential factors on locating municipal landfill were prepared and valuated based on information layers and spatial analyzer tool, using geographic information system. According to geological indexes, distance from the river, distance from residential area, landfill is located in an inappropriate zone. Ultimately, the maps were integrated and combined. Analyzing the final map of Faruj solid waste landfill, we concluded that locating principles and standards were disregarded and the present landfill site is in an inappropriate zone.Selecting a site for solid waste landfill is an important procedure in managing municipal solid waste and landfill sites should be selected with great precision and through a scientific process. Therefore, it is possible to select an appropriate site for solid waste landfill in accordance with environmental criteria using geographic information system. The present article is descriptive-analytic. Secondary research and field study were simultaneously used for data collection. It seeks to locate an optimal site for solid waste landfill in Faruj city. In this study, we first investigated factors and principles of locating municipal solid waste landfill according to valid resources. Then, maps of influential factors on locating municipal landfill were prepared and valuated based on information layers and spatial analyzer tool, using geographic information system. According to geological indexes, distance from the river, distance from residential area, landfill is located in an inappropriate zone. Ultimately, the maps were integrated and combined. Analyzing the final map of Faruj solid waste landfill, we concluded that locating principles and standards were disregarded and the present landfill site is in an inappropriate zone.https://www.sepehr.org/article_13036_91cf0815868e49fd91babbc6444805a4.pdf