National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 20 79 2011 10 23 Evaluation of methods of support for spatial decision of the development of geographic information systems (Part II). Evaluation of methods of support for spatial decision of the development of geographic information systems (Part II). 2 8 26326 FA Mahdi Modiri Associate Professor of Urban planning, Malek-Ashtar University of Technolog 0000-0003-2739-9421 Journal Article 2011 05 08 Decision-making is the most important challenge facing experts and specialists in solving the problems of broad urban and regional planning. Multi-criteria decision-making issues usually include a set of location situations that should be evaluated based on several different criteria. Group approach considers decision making as an evolutionary process, which uses discussion, argumentation, and consensus of a discussion to describe question. The logic of the survey is to conduct a collective decision in an environment. In order to effectively support group participation in decision making, the tools of analysis and collaboration should be integrated and consistent. In connection with the importance and role of decision making, various methods have been introduced to support decision making and their efficiency and effectiveness have always been considered. The processes and analyses of multi-criteria decision making in GIS can be considered as a process that combines location data and evaluation values together. Decision-making is the most important challenge facing experts and specialists in solving the problems of broad urban and regional planning. Multi-criteria decision-making issues usually include a set of location situations that should be evaluated based on several different criteria. Group approach considers decision making as an evolutionary process, which uses discussion, argumentation, and consensus of a discussion to describe question. The logic of the survey is to conduct a collective decision in an environment. In order to effectively support group participation in decision making, the tools of analysis and collaboration should be integrated and consistent. In connection with the importance and role of decision making, various methods have been introduced to support decision making and their efficiency and effectiveness have always been considered. The processes and analyses of multi-criteria decision making in GIS can be considered as a process that combines location data and evaluation values together.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26326_aae14bda33aa45a1d45d45011529b806.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 20 79 2011 10 23 The Unity of the Islamic World The Prospect of the Future of the Islamic World (Part Five) The Unity of the Islamic World The Prospect of the Future of the Islamic World (Part Five) 9 19 26327 FA Seyyed Yahya Rahim Safavi Associate Professor of Political Geography, Imam Hossein University Journal Article 2011 05 08 The achievement of desirable focal points in convergence among Islamic countries makes outlining the desired perspective for such convergence inevitable. The prospect is a real, respectable and attractive future for the countries. Unity is an interdisciplinary process that requires the consideration of economic, technological, social, political, security, geopolitical and cultural layers, as well as different governmental and non-governmental actors. One of the characteristic features of the unity and convergence of Islamic countries is the tangled and invisible thematic boundaries. In this paper, the perspectives of convergence of the Islamic world in different dimensions are examined and strategies for Islamic countries along with their challenges and opportunities are presented. The achievement of desirable focal points in convergence among Islamic countries makes outlining the desired perspective for such convergence inevitable. The prospect is a real, respectable and attractive future for the countries. Unity is an interdisciplinary process that requires the consideration of economic, technological, social, political, security, geopolitical and cultural layers, as well as different governmental and non-governmental actors. One of the characteristic features of the unity and convergence of Islamic countries is the tangled and invisible thematic boundaries. In this paper, the perspectives of convergence of the Islamic world in different dimensions are examined and strategies for Islamic countries along with their challenges and opportunities are presented.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26327_b2a223f097589a3682d3221d102fc52e.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 20 79 2011 10 23 Space, the fourth dimension of power (seventh part): Space technology - Part III Space, the fourth dimension of power (seventh part): Space technology - Part III 20 24 26328 FA Mohammad Hassan Nami Journal Article 2011 05 08 The restriction of the sources and documents related to the field of space in the country necessitates clarification of the status of space in the development of the country and sustainable security, which, while expressing the essential issues concerning space technology and space activities of the country, examine the specialty fields of remote sensing and space imaging. Space structure, space legal regime, space functions and space technology are the main topics discussed in this paper. The restriction of the sources and documents related to the field of space in the country necessitates clarification of the status of space in the development of the country and sustainable security, which, while expressing the essential issues concerning space technology and space activities of the country, examine the specialty fields of remote sensing and space imaging. Space structure, space legal regime, space functions and space technology are the main topics discussed in this paper. https://www.sepehr.org/article_26328_60b997fd68261ce70cadaf6c8226c042.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 20 79 2011 10 23 Pragmatism Pragmatism 25 30 26329 FA Hossein Hataminejad Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran Mohammad Akbarpoor Sareskanrud Master of Geography and Urban Planning Journal Article 2011 05 08 Pragmatism is an American-originated movement that has profoundly influenced the rational life in the United States and has had increasing influence in the United Kingdom. The philosophical analysis of its origin was carried out in England and Vienna.it was initially addressed in Britain and, recently, in the United States it has been a subject of speculations and debates. Pragmatism is especially a method for solving or evaluating rational issues, as well as a theory about the types of identifications we have the possibility to learn and gain. This school, called pragmatism, or the actuality of action, considers a case as a fact that has a practical advantage, and in other words the truth is the meaning created by the mind, by which it struggles to obtain better and more practical results. To find This is a point that has not been explicitly mentioned in any other philosophical school, as its root can be found in Hume's words, where he calls the wisdom the servant of human desires and confines the value of knowledge to its practical aspect. Pragmatist geography is in search of a modification of the human environment through the use of geographic techniques and methods. Therefore, the value of geography is judged to be real only when it has practical aspect. Pragmatism is an American-originated movement that has profoundly influenced the rational life in the United States and has had increasing influence in the United Kingdom. The philosophical analysis of its origin was carried out in England and Vienna.it was initially addressed in Britain and, recently, in the United States it has been a subject of speculations and debates. Pragmatism is especially a method for solving or evaluating rational issues, as well as a theory about the types of identifications we have the possibility to learn and gain. This school, called pragmatism, or the actuality of action, considers a case as a fact that has a practical advantage, and in other words the truth is the meaning created by the mind, by which it struggles to obtain better and more practical results. To find This is a point that has not been explicitly mentioned in any other philosophical school, as its root can be found in Hume's words, where he calls the wisdom the servant of human desires and confines the value of knowledge to its practical aspect. Pragmatist geography is in search of a modification of the human environment through the use of geographic techniques and methods. Therefore, the value of geography is judged to be real only when it has practical aspect.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26329_2e626277f946a25463ebae27f7cac1d5.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 20 79 2011 10 23 The analysis and prediction of the role of Foehn wind on the forest fires in Guilan province The analysis and prediction of the role of Foehn wind on the forest fires in Guilan province 31 36 26330 FA Farideh Golvani Master of Natural Geography, University of Shahid Beheshti Hassan Lashkari Associate Professor of the department of Geography, University of Shahid Beheshti Journal Article 2011 05 08 The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Foehn wind on forest fires in Gilan province and forest fire prediction methods. For this purpose, fire statistics of Gilan forests were selected during the statistical period (2002 - 2006) and synoptic maps of sea level were investigated during fire. The results of this study showed that the two cyclone patterns of northern Europe and migratory high-pressure have been effective in the Foehn phenomenon of the southern Alborz slopes. By studying the first method of prediction (Factor B of Angstrom risk) of fire caused by the Foehn phenomenon it is concluded that the migratory high-pressure system is the main cause of Foehn and fire in the region. The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Foehn wind on forest fires in Gilan province and forest fire prediction methods. For this purpose, fire statistics of Gilan forests were selected during the statistical period (2002 - 2006) and synoptic maps of sea level were investigated during fire. The results of this study showed that the two cyclone patterns of northern Europe and migratory high-pressure have been effective in the Foehn phenomenon of the southern Alborz slopes. By studying the first method of prediction (Factor B of Angstrom risk) of fire caused by the Foehn phenomenon it is concluded that the migratory high-pressure system is the main cause of Foehn and fire in the region.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26330_5dcd85b7bff48fd3578701220d13fc13.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 20 79 2011 10 23 Geomorphology maps, history, necessity and application Geomorphology maps, history, necessity and application 37 45 26331 FA Siavush Shayan Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Tarbiat Modarres University Gholam Reza Zare Graduate Student of Geography, Tarbiat Modarres University Shahram Amiri Graduate Student of Geography, Tarbiat Modarres University Journal Article 2011 05 08 The science of Geomorphology is the study of ground surface unevenness. Geomorphology provides the best basis for classifying the ground. One of the outcomes of the work of Geomorphologists is the preparation of geomorphologic map, which is the result of long-term research efforts. The preparation of these maps always follows certain principles and methods. Obviously, in recent years, geomorphologic maps have been developed using new techniques and computer manipulations such as GIS. The important issue of geomorphologic maps is the standardization, which has been remarkable, and some action has been taken in this regard. The purpose of the preparation of geomorphologic maps is to record the information on landforms, materials, soil and rock, ground processes and, in some cases, the age of the landforms. In this way, they provide a basis for ground-based assessment that is useful in many environmental issues. Therefore, geomorphologic maps are not only a scientific and research basis for different researchers, but regarded as a tool for sustainable development and advancement. Familiarity with it, the way of drawing and its developments, the necessity and the aspect of its applicability are of significant importance. The science of Geomorphology is the study of ground surface unevenness. Geomorphology provides the best basis for classifying the ground. One of the outcomes of the work of Geomorphologists is the preparation of geomorphologic map, which is the result of long-term research efforts. The preparation of these maps always follows certain principles and methods. Obviously, in recent years, geomorphologic maps have been developed using new techniques and computer manipulations such as GIS. The important issue of geomorphologic maps is the standardization, which has been remarkable, and some action has been taken in this regard. The purpose of the preparation of geomorphologic maps is to record the information on landforms, materials, soil and rock, ground processes and, in some cases, the age of the landforms. In this way, they provide a basis for ground-based assessment that is useful in many environmental issues. Therefore, geomorphologic maps are not only a scientific and research basis for different researchers, but regarded as a tool for sustainable development and advancement. Familiarity with it, the way of drawing and its developments, the necessity and the aspect of its applicability are of significant importance.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26331_ac596866c319dc8ac9d108a4f3da2fc3.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 20 79 2011 10 23 Application of Geographic Information Systems in the Tourism Industry Application of Geographic Information Systems in the Tourism Industry 46 51 26332 FA Mahdi Modiri Faculty Member of School of Surveying Mehrdad Karami Graduate Student of Regional Development Planning at Allameh Tabataba'i University Sahand Bani Kamali Graduate Student of Tourism Planning at Allameh Tabataba'i University Journal Article 2011 05 08 The study of world records suggests that the application of GIS in planning tourism management started for the first time in the early 1990's, but the development of the application of GIS in this field has not been as rapid as its development in other areas. Obviously, this ability offers plenty of help for planners and tourists to do their own planning. The planners use this ability to identify possible deficiencies and weaknesses, as well as the trend of changes to plan for improving conditions and the development of tourism activities. The purpose of this study is to investigate and describe the functions of geographic information systems in the emerging tourism industry in the country. This research is descriptive-analytical and technical. The results of this study indicate that GIS can be used to estimate different information needs, estimate the indicator, and generally help planners and tourists, as well as to monitor and evaluate tourism activities. The study of world records suggests that the application of GIS in planning tourism management started for the first time in the early 1990's, but the development of the application of GIS in this field has not been as rapid as its development in other areas. Obviously, this ability offers plenty of help for planners and tourists to do their own planning. The planners use this ability to identify possible deficiencies and weaknesses, as well as the trend of changes to plan for improving conditions and the development of tourism activities. The purpose of this study is to investigate and describe the functions of geographic information systems in the emerging tourism industry in the country. This research is descriptive-analytical and technical. The results of this study indicate that GIS can be used to estimate different information needs, estimate the indicator, and generally help planners and tourists, as well as to monitor and evaluate tourism activities.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26332_8a8da2b4f4dda685a0fa2635e3bb3e96.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 20 79 2011 10 23 Investigating the Role of Climate in Tourism Planning in Golestan Province Investigating the Role of Climate in Tourism Planning in Golestan Province 52 57 26333 FA Esmaiil Shahkoubi Journal Article 2011 05 08 In this article, we try to determine the position of climate and geography in sustainable development of the province in relation to the tourism industry and its role in regional planning. It is tried to form such a link between the natural and historical powers of the province with climate and tourism, so that in addition to the Iranians, the attention of the newly independent countries of Central Asia, including Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan be attracted toward enjoying this unique natural wealth. Golestan is the "treasure of ecotourism". In this article, we try to determine the position of climate and geography in sustainable development of the province in relation to the tourism industry and its role in regional planning. It is tried to form such a link between the natural and historical powers of the province with climate and tourism, so that in addition to the Iranians, the attention of the newly independent countries of Central Asia, including Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan be attracted toward enjoying this unique natural wealth. Golestan is the "treasure of ecotourism".

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26333_556af2550dcbee76da893225af4aaf44.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 20 79 2011 10 23 Investigating the landslide process, with emphasis on the landscapes of a part of Kurdistan province (Baneh county ) Investigating the landslide process, with emphasis on the landscapes of a part of Kurdistan province (Baneh county ) 58 60 26334 FA Eghbal Mohammadi Member of Scientific Board of Kurdistan Watershed Research Mamand Salari Ph.D of Natural Geography, University of Tehran Hiva Shirzadi Master of Science in Natural Geography, University of Tehran Journal Article 2011 05 08 The major part of Iran's land is mountainous. One of the dangers that always threatens these areas is hillside instability. The occurrence of this phenomenon entails a great deal of damage to the hillside lands exploited by human beings every year. In this context, one of the most dangerous instabilities is the landslide phenomenon. Kurdistan province and specially the studied area (Baneh) as a part of the province, is one of the areas susceptible to landslide due to certain geological, topographic and climatic conditions along with human factors in some places. Gardaneh Khan, Savan, Sabadlu and finally Alut can be referred to as being amongst the most important of these landslides. Therefore, identifying the landslide process along with identifying, investigating and determining the causes of landslides in the regions of the country seems to be necessary. In this study, firstly, the nature of landslide phenomenon and their occurrence factors and then the introduction of landslides in Baneh city are discussed. At the surface of the study area, the role of lithologic factor such as sensitivity of loose formations, degradation of vegetation, fall of snow and rain, permeability, lateral digging of rivers with high flow rate, road construction, and proximity to the main faults (young Zagros fault and Piranshahr fault) are among the factors causing landslides. The major part of Iran's land is mountainous. One of the dangers that always threatens these areas is hillside instability. The occurrence of this phenomenon entails a great deal of damage to the hillside lands exploited by human beings every year. In this context, one of the most dangerous instabilities is the landslide phenomenon. Kurdistan province and specially the studied area (Baneh) as a part of the province, is one of the areas susceptible to landslide due to certain geological, topographic and climatic conditions along with human factors in some places. Gardaneh Khan, Savan, Sabadlu and finally Alut can be referred to as being amongst the most important of these landslides. Therefore, identifying the landslide process along with identifying, investigating and determining the causes of landslides in the regions of the country seems to be necessary. In this study, firstly, the nature of landslide phenomenon and their occurrence factors and then the introduction of landslides in Baneh city are discussed. At the surface of the study area, the role of lithologic factor such as sensitivity of loose formations, degradation of vegetation, fall of snow and rain, permeability, lateral digging of rivers with high flow rate, road construction, and proximity to the main faults (young Zagros fault and Piranshahr fault) are among the factors causing landslides.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26334_93f19dbc4426f203a274642a804f36e8.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 20 79 2011 10 23 Recovering surface heat and extraction of hot and cold water springs using band 6 of TM, ETM+ sensor (study area of Kurdistan and Ardebil) Recovering surface heat and extraction of hot and cold water springs using band 6 of TM, ETM+ sensor (study area of Kurdistan and Ardebil) 61 65 26336 FA Saeed Khezri University of Kurdistan Ja'far Maleki University of Kurdistan Journal Article 2011 05 08 In this research, the method of extraction and identification of hot and cold water springs using thermal images of TM and ETM+ is investigated. The process is as follows. After taking images from the TM and + ETM sensors on different dates and implementing geometric and radiometric corrections on the images, surface temperature (LST) for the images is extracted using existing relations. Of course, this requires NDVI and emission extraction for the studied areas due to the certain effect of vegetation on surface temperature. This was carried out in TM and + ETM images using bands 3 and 4 . After the extraction of surface temperature by using limits and surface profiles in different directions and by using high pass filters, and finally matching vector layers related to the location of the springs on available images prepared by GPS during the fieldwork, the ability of TM and ETM+ images to identify the springs was evaluated. The results show that the use of images of cooler seasons has a higher priority and importance in comparison with the warmer seasons for the identification and extraction of thermal points and thermal anomalies of the surface of the earth on the images. The reverse is true for the identification of cold springs. Furthermore, the size and temperature of springs regarding their geographical location can be effective factors in identifying and separating these resources. In this research, the method of extraction and identification of hot and cold water springs using thermal images of TM and ETM+ is investigated. The process is as follows. After taking images from the TM and + ETM sensors on different dates and implementing geometric and radiometric corrections on the images, surface temperature (LST) for the images is extracted using existing relations. Of course, this requires NDVI and emission extraction for the studied areas due to the certain effect of vegetation on surface temperature. This was carried out in TM and + ETM images using bands 3 and 4 . After the extraction of surface temperature by using limits and surface profiles in different directions and by using high pass filters, and finally matching vector layers related to the location of the springs on available images prepared by GPS during the fieldwork, the ability of TM and ETM+ images to identify the springs was evaluated. The results show that the use of images of cooler seasons has a higher priority and importance in comparison with the warmer seasons for the identification and extraction of thermal points and thermal anomalies of the surface of the earth on the images. The reverse is true for the identification of cold springs. Furthermore, the size and temperature of springs regarding their geographical location can be effective factors in identifying and separating these resources.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26336_5d785002be68f41c87a4ba51760dcaf9.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 20 79 2011 10 23 Urban crisis management with emphasis on flood Urban crisis management with emphasis on flood 66 73 26337 FA Masoud Taghvaei Associate Professor of the Department of Geography, University of Isfahan Fahimeh Soleimani Master of Geography and Rural Planning Journal Article 2011 05 08 Flood is an exceptional, extreme water stream that may be overflowed from the natural bed of the river and occupy the land around the bed. Flooding can be the result of heavy rain, quick melting of snow and ice, or the destruction of dams. Whatever the reason for this process, when it enters the urban areas, it causes damage and sometimes heavy casualties, as the city invades the natural hydrological spaces (rivers and river beds) during its development. Over the past few decades, new methods have been developed to deal with floods, and these methods are of a more pre-emptive and non-therapeutic nature. By laying down and implementing specific plans for urban land use, regulations and laws, as well as education of people, flood damage can be reduced and minimized, while avoiding heavily costs of the construction of flood control structures. In this regard, the present study, by documentary study, identifies the effects of natural factors (precipitation) and the resulting crisis in urban planning, which results in attention to crisis management in urban planning in order to prevent flooding and reduce rainfall damages as well as extending the optimal use of rainwater in a variety of aspects. Flood is an exceptional, extreme water stream that may be overflowed from the natural bed of the river and occupy the land around the bed. Flooding can be the result of heavy rain, quick melting of snow and ice, or the destruction of dams. Whatever the reason for this process, when it enters the urban areas, it causes damage and sometimes heavy casualties, as the city invades the natural hydrological spaces (rivers and river beds) during its development. Over the past few decades, new methods have been developed to deal with floods, and these methods are of a more pre-emptive and non-therapeutic nature. By laying down and implementing specific plans for urban land use, regulations and laws, as well as education of people, flood damage can be reduced and minimized, while avoiding heavily costs of the construction of flood control structures. In this regard, the present study, by documentary study, identifies the effects of natural factors (precipitation) and the resulting crisis in urban planning, which results in attention to crisis management in urban planning in order to prevent flooding and reduce rainfall damages as well as extending the optimal use of rainwater in a variety of aspects.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26337_819ba59c63730c44639f973a71652916.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 20 79 2011 10 23 Evaluation of green space change trend in Isfahan city in two time intervals using satellite imagery and GIS Evaluation of green space change trend in Isfahan city in two time intervals using satellite imagery and GIS 74 77 26338 FA Alireza Ma'man Push Researcher of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center of Isfahan Reza Tofangsaaz Expert in Agronomy and Plant Breeding Journal Article 2011 05 08 The physical development of cities is a dynamic and continuous process that, if unplanned and rapid, will endanger urban systems. Undoubtedly, green space and urban environment are amongst the most important factors in the sustainability of natural and human life in modern urbanization. In addition to the aesthetic role, the green space of the city will be of great help in moderating the air. Meanwhile, the issue of development combined with the need to expand the green space and its locating in the city is inevitable in the future of urban development. The city of Isfahan has been recognized as one of the most important and beautiful cities in Iran and a place to attract domestic and foreign tourists. One of the main reasons for this is the passage of Zayandeh Rood through the city, which has endowed the city with freshness and greenery. Regular urban greenery mapping, in addition to the huge cost involved, is also time consuming. Urban green space mapping by satellite imagery, being up-to-date and enjoying time series, is less costly and of higher speed, and can achieve the desired results by performing necessary processes on satellite images using related softwares. In this investigation, the city of Isfahan has been studied in terms of the urban area and the green space expansion, as well as the trend of population growth and per capita green space during the two years of 1923 and 2007 using existing maps and satellite imagery. Furthurmore, its adaptaion has been analyzed by the GIS analyst system, as well as the development of urban green space, the expansion of the city and its changes. The physical development of cities is a dynamic and continuous process that, if unplanned and rapid, will endanger urban systems. Undoubtedly, green space and urban environment are amongst the most important factors in the sustainability of natural and human life in modern urbanization. In addition to the aesthetic role, the green space of the city will be of great help in moderating the air. Meanwhile, the issue of development combined with the need to expand the green space and its locating in the city is inevitable in the future of urban development. The city of Isfahan has been recognized as one of the most important and beautiful cities in Iran and a place to attract domestic and foreign tourists. One of the main reasons for this is the passage of Zayandeh Rood through the city, which has endowed the city with freshness and greenery. Regular urban greenery mapping, in addition to the huge cost involved, is also time consuming. Urban green space mapping by satellite imagery, being up-to-date and enjoying time series, is less costly and of higher speed, and can achieve the desired results by performing necessary processes on satellite images using related softwares. In this investigation, the city of Isfahan has been studied in terms of the urban area and the green space expansion, as well as the trend of population growth and per capita green space during the two years of 1923 and 2007 using existing maps and satellite imagery. Furthurmore, its adaptaion has been analyzed by the GIS analyst system, as well as the development of urban green space, the expansion of the city and its changes.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26338_7f7884a41d8cd08c91314fce7f13dd1c.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 20 79 2011 10 23 Concepts of Geographical Information Science in Urban and Regional Planning Concepts of Geographical Information Science in Urban and Regional Planning 78 84 26340 FA Rahim Sarvar Associate professor of Islamic Azad University, Shahrerey Mehran Rezaei Expert of Technical Services Management of National Surveying Organization, Master of Geography and Urban Planning Journal Article 2011 05 08 This paper was prepared in response to the UCGIS consortium in the summer of 1999. The objective of this challenge is to review the successes and inferences of geographic information science related to urban and regional planning. This study outlines five areas for the distribution of geographic information science. The development of a geographical database will be helpful for analyzing the planning of combination of geophysical technologies with urban models, the development of planning support systems and facilitating participation in research and education challenges. While scientific advances in building tools are effective in supporting the planning process, little effort has been made on applied guidance in strategic information management. This weakness in the dissemination of the tools of planning limits the application of science for politics and decision making, which is necessary for environmental, social and economic development. The educational process, which is the first important step in technology transfer, contains many challangs, For example, the availability of suitable facilities for the training of planning professionals and other participants in the planning process, and the preparation of the required infrastructure for education and research. Therefore, further research and policy development in the following areas will increase the performance of planning support systems and tools: training and technology transfer, database building, protection and availability, standardization and regulation. This paper was prepared in response to the UCGIS consortium in the summer of 1999. The objective of this challenge is to review the successes and inferences of geographic information science related to urban and regional planning. This study outlines five areas for the distribution of geographic information science. The development of a geographical database will be helpful for analyzing the planning of combination of geophysical technologies with urban models, the development of planning support systems and facilitating participation in research and education challenges. While scientific advances in building tools are effective in supporting the planning process, little effort has been made on applied guidance in strategic information management. This weakness in the dissemination of the tools of planning limits the application of science for politics and decision making, which is necessary for environmental, social and economic development. The educational process, which is the first important step in technology transfer, contains many challangs, For example, the availability of suitable facilities for the training of planning professionals and other participants in the planning process, and the preparation of the required infrastructure for education and research. Therefore, further research and policy development in the following areas will increase the performance of planning support systems and tools: training and technology transfer, database building, protection and availability, standardization and regulation.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26340_98ca32fb546f7539ece602f22a6787ac.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 20 79 2011 10 23 The evolution of geomorphology of Balkheli's boutonnier in the southwest of Ardebil The evolution of geomorphology of Balkheli's boutonnier in the southwest of Ardebil 85 87 26341 FA Aghil Madadi Member of faculty of natural geography, University of Mohaghegh Ardabil Journal Article 2011 05 08 The Balkheli River, sourced from the Sabalan volcanic masses, which flows at the southwest-northeast direction and passes through the middle of Ardabil city, moves over a folded zone on its route southwest of the city of Ardebil. The axis of this fold is almost North-South, and the river cuts off the axis of the fold diagonally. The flow of the Dakhli River in the region for about 2 million years has led to the collapse and destruction of the Ujghaaz anticline nucleus and creation of a boutonnier. Since the river has cut the axis of fold (south-north) diagonally, so the river is in disagreement with the build of the land. Since the river has flooded over this structure after the folding of the area, the river's non-compliance with the geological structure is of a type of imposition. During the quaternary period, changes in the base level and the evolution of the meanders of the Balkheli River have led to the emergence and formation of two pseudo-coves in the eastern and western shores of the river. Given the fact that the weather conditions and the system of morphogenesis in the region are the same, the nature of lithology plays a decisive role in the development and evolution of the geomorphology of the above-mentioned Cuestas. The Balkheli River, sourced from the Sabalan volcanic masses, which flows at the southwest-northeast direction and passes through the middle of Ardabil city, moves over a folded zone on its route southwest of the city of Ardebil. The axis of this fold is almost North-South, and the river cuts off the axis of the fold diagonally. The flow of the Dakhli River in the region for about 2 million years has led to the collapse and destruction of the Ujghaaz anticline nucleus and creation of a boutonnier. Since the river has cut the axis of fold (south-north) diagonally, so the river is in disagreement with the build of the land. Since the river has flooded over this structure after the folding of the area, the river's non-compliance with the geological structure is of a type of imposition. During the quaternary period, changes in the base level and the evolution of the meanders of the Balkheli River have led to the emergence and formation of two pseudo-coves in the eastern and western shores of the river. Given the fact that the weather conditions and the system of morphogenesis in the region are the same, the nature of lithology plays a decisive role in the development and evolution of the geomorphology of the above-mentioned Cuestas.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26341_610cdb50f9cbff100ae4e8a581a9f1a8.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 20 79 2011 10 23 An Analysis of the Necessity of Security in the Persian Gulf Region and Crisis Management An Analysis of the Necessity of Security in the Persian Gulf Region and Crisis Management 88 93 26342 FA Rasul Rabbani Associate Professor of Social Sciences Department, University of Isfahan Alireza Ghaffari Master of Political Science at Mofid University Journal Article 2011 05 08 The Persian Gulf is an area in the Middle East that is geopolitically important and attracted by world powers due to its unique features throughout history. In this article, the author seeks to investigate the explanation of the conditions, characteristics, issues and problems of the Gulf states as well as the causes of failure in the Persian Gulf states to establish a relationship between them at high levelsو and tries to provide an appropriate solution to prevent possible crises. This region has always been paid great attention by international powers due to the availability of special oil reserves and a special strategic location, due to which the powers in adopting their foreign policy inevitably have to take into account the effective components of the countries of the region and its potential conditions. Accordingly, one of the issues that is important and somehow plays a key role in determining the foreign policy of the countries of the region is the Crisis. For this purpose, one of the issues that needs to be addressed in this regard, is to provide appropriate strategies and to adopt an active strategy to manage and overcome existing crises (Management Crisis) with regard to the need to create, maintain and consolidate the mutual or multilateral regional relations and the necessity of determining the strategy for political, economic and cultural cohesion of the neighboring countries in order to fulfil the security of the Persian Gulf region. The Persian Gulf is an area in the Middle East that is geopolitically important and attracted by world powers due to its unique features throughout history. In this article, the author seeks to investigate the explanation of the conditions, characteristics, issues and problems of the Gulf states as well as the causes of failure in the Persian Gulf states to establish a relationship between them at high levelsو and tries to provide an appropriate solution to prevent possible crises. This region has always been paid great attention by international powers due to the availability of special oil reserves and a special strategic location, due to which the powers in adopting their foreign policy inevitably have to take into account the effective components of the countries of the region and its potential conditions. Accordingly, one of the issues that is important and somehow plays a key role in determining the foreign policy of the countries of the region is the Crisis. For this purpose, one of the issues that needs to be addressed in this regard, is to provide appropriate strategies and to adopt an active strategy to manage and overcome existing crises (Management Crisis) with regard to the need to create, maintain and consolidate the mutual or multilateral regional relations and the necessity of determining the strategy for political, economic and cultural cohesion of the neighboring countries in order to fulfil the security of the Persian Gulf region.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26342_4c16c6e747b293da252d9c0e1c489fdd.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 20 79 2011 10 23 The role of Authenticating in the change of social class The role of Authenticating in the change of social class 88 94 26343 FA Jamal Mohammadi Member of faculty of Department of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Isfahan Younos Gholami Journal Article 2011 05 08 Authentication refers to a change in the structure, including that of social and demographic changes in the state of the area within the city's general layer. This theory is an important theory in changes in social groups in recent decades. In fact, the physical and economic changes of metropolitan and suburban centers, especially in the major cities of the Western countries, have led to demographic changes. Given the importance of this issue, the purpose of this paper is to examine the role of authentication in social class changes in cities, especially urban centers. To investigate, we have tried to analyze and analyze these changes using various sources of internal and external resources and available secondary resources. The results of this study show that by imposing policies such as rent control, establishment of public institutions and tax rebates, the negative effects of authentication can be reduced. Authentication refers to a change in the structure, including that of social and demographic changes in the state of the area within the city's general layer. This theory is an important theory in changes in social groups in recent decades. In fact, the physical and economic changes of metropolitan and suburban centers, especially in the major cities of the Western countries, have led to demographic changes. Given the importance of this issue, the purpose of this paper is to examine the role of authentication in social class changes in cities, especially urban centers. To investigate, we have tried to analyze and analyze these changes using various sources of internal and external resources and available secondary resources. The results of this study show that by imposing policies such as rent control, establishment of public institutions and tax rebates, the negative effects of authentication can be reduced.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26343_5a22ca17654264e74c81ce3a4c4901e3.pdf