National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 19 76 2011 01 21 Ortho Image in Urban Planning (Urban Area With Tall Buildings) Part One - Orthophoto and Ortho Images Ortho Image in Urban Planning (Urban Area With Tall Buildings) Part One - Orthophoto and Ortho Images 2 9 26547 FA Mahdi Modiri Associate Professor of Urban planning, Malek-Ashtar University of Technolog 0000-0003-2739-9421 Journal Article 2010 07 25 Digital orthophoto contains maps and geometric features of the map, and is accordingly able to: 1) As a source of spatial geography, be complemented by descriptive information. 2) Provide a base on which other data are recorded and adjusted. 3) The results of using it will be available to match landscapes. In many countries, digital orthophoto is an important part of the graphic documentation, and is used at strategic levels, which provides appropriate cartographic features on a national scale. Digital orthophoto has a strong potential for analyzing the geographic information system (GIS) data. Not only is orthophoto a layer of information, but the connection of orthophoto digital data presents a new perspective to automatic extraction of positional data (point, line, and surface) and altitude information. A large-scale orthophoto is prepared with a great deal of details, and makes the revision of many of information layers possible, and in some cases, plays a background role and is used to represent the position of elevation features. Therefore, large-scale satellite orthophoto has, in many cases, overcome the defects of orthophoto and, in accordance with the scale of study and urban planning, presents a valuable efficiency in detecting buildings hidden among complexes and high-rise buildings. Digital orthophoto contains maps and geometric features of the map, and is accordingly able to: 1) As a source of spatial geography, be complemented by descriptive information. 2) Provide a base on which other data are recorded and adjusted. 3) The results of using it will be available to match landscapes. In many countries, digital orthophoto is an important part of the graphic documentation, and is used at strategic levels, which provides appropriate cartographic features on a national scale. Digital orthophoto has a strong potential for analyzing the geographic information system (GIS) data. Not only is orthophoto a layer of information, but the connection of orthophoto digital data presents a new perspective to automatic extraction of positional data (point, line, and surface) and altitude information. A large-scale orthophoto is prepared with a great deal of details, and makes the revision of many of information layers possible, and in some cases, plays a background role and is used to represent the position of elevation features. Therefore, large-scale satellite orthophoto has, in many cases, overcome the defects of orthophoto and, in accordance with the scale of study and urban planning, presents a valuable efficiency in detecting buildings hidden among complexes and high-rise buildings.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26547_707ab73422e213d6c39597e2078c565e.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 19 76 2011 01 21 Modeling Structural Equations in Urban Planning Modeling Structural Equations in Urban Planning 10 16 26548 FA Ahmad Pour Ahmad Professor of the faculty of Geography, University of Tehran Iraj Ghasemi Member of Scientific Board of Jihad-e-Daneshgahi, Ph.D. Student of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran Journal Article 2010 07 25 Urban planning research, like most behavioral sciences and human research, should be supported by a proper theoretical framework or conceptual model. In this theoretical framework and conceptual model, the variables and factors affecting the subject matter are identified and their relationships are determined. To assess the validity and correctness of these models, there are different qualitative and quantitative techniques and tools. Structural equation modeling is one of these quantitative and multivariate tools that examines and evaluates the fitting of the model and allows for some modifications in the model. In this paper, along with introducing the technique of modeling structural equations and Lisrel software, its application in urban planning research is described. Urban planning research, like most behavioral sciences and human research, should be supported by a proper theoretical framework or conceptual model. In this theoretical framework and conceptual model, the variables and factors affecting the subject matter are identified and their relationships are determined. To assess the validity and correctness of these models, there are different qualitative and quantitative techniques and tools. Structural equation modeling is one of these quantitative and multivariate tools that examines and evaluates the fitting of the model and allows for some modifications in the model. In this paper, along with introducing the technique of modeling structural equations and Lisrel software, its application in urban planning research is described.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26548_6d0ca152a941f960431082ec429f6f11.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 19 76 2011 01 21 Examining Physical-Functional Problems The Central Part of the Traditional Cities (Khorramabad) Examining Physical-Functional Problems The Central Part of the Traditional Cities (Khorramabad) 16 21 26549 FA Hassan Afrakhteh Associate Professor of the Department of Geography, Tarbi'ate Mo'allem University of Tehran Asghar Abdoli Master of Geography and Urban Planning Journal Article 2017 07 25 Nowadays, the complications of fast, unrestricted and unplanned urbanization and lack of proper management in some cities have reached a level that it has basically made urbanization an undesirable phenomenon with a negative value. The tendency towards more concentration and polarization in the upper levels of the urban community and the distance between the high levels and the low, the tendency towards thoughtless growth in terms of disparity between the scale and performance of cities and ... are among the factors that cause the increasing decline in the efficiency of urban per capita income , speculative activity, dominance of unofficial sector on the official, and the growth of social-cultural crises, and as a result, the sources and factors of production have swallowed their own region and create their own further growth. In this regard, the old texture of the city of Khorramabad, despite its potential historical, economic, social and cultural capabilities, suffers from these problems. The composition of the population, the cultural differences of the inhabitants, and legal problems that are the outcome of the lack of proper and principled policy-making are among the characteristics of this texture. The low value of land and buildings, the lack of social and psychological security, the dominance of low income jobs and the presence of significant poverty in the old texture of the city compared to the new are also among the characteristics of these types of textures. The main objective of this study is to identify the physical-functional structure and the issues and problems of the old texture of Khorramabad city. The results of the research show that the absence of suitable executive plans, lack of urban unit management, issues and legal problems related to property ownership, economic and cultural poverty, old and weary buildings and their lack of renovation, and ... are among the main problems of this texture. In this paper, we have studied physical-spatial and functional problems of the central part of Khorramabad using secondary, descriptive and analytical research methods along with field study. Nowadays, the complications of fast, unrestricted and unplanned urbanization and lack of proper management in some cities have reached a level that it has basically made urbanization an undesirable phenomenon with a negative value. The tendency towards more concentration and polarization in the upper levels of the urban community and the distance between the high levels and the low, the tendency towards thoughtless growth in terms of disparity between the scale and performance of cities and ... are among the factors that cause the increasing decline in the efficiency of urban per capita income , speculative activity, dominance of unofficial sector on the official, and the growth of social-cultural crises, and as a result, the sources and factors of production have swallowed their own region and create their own further growth. In this regard, the old texture of the city of Khorramabad, despite its potential historical, economic, social and cultural capabilities, suffers from these problems. The composition of the population, the cultural differences of the inhabitants, and legal problems that are the outcome of the lack of proper and principled policy-making are among the characteristics of this texture. The low value of land and buildings, the lack of social and psychological security, the dominance of low income jobs and the presence of significant poverty in the old texture of the city compared to the new are also among the characteristics of these types of textures. The main objective of this study is to identify the physical-functional structure and the issues and problems of the old texture of Khorramabad city. The results of the research show that the absence of suitable executive plans, lack of urban unit management, issues and legal problems related to property ownership, economic and cultural poverty, old and weary buildings and their lack of renovation, and ... are among the main problems of this texture. In this paper, we have studied physical-spatial and functional problems of the central part of Khorramabad using secondary, descriptive and analytical research methods along with field study.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26549_a6071a20f0095f50c0bc7329d45184be.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 19 76 2011 01 21 Space, Fourth Dimension of Power (Part IV) Space Functions Space, Fourth Dimension of Power (Part IV) Space Functions 22 28 26550 FA Mohammad Hassan Nami Journal Article 2010 07 25 The limitations of the sources and documents related to the field of space in the country necessitates the clarification of the status of space in the development of the country and sustainable security, which, while expressing the fundamental issues concerning space technology and space activities of the country, examine specialized fields in remote sensing and space imaging. Space structure, space legal regime, space functions and space technology are the major topics discussed in this paper. The limitations of the sources and documents related to the field of space in the country necessitates the clarification of the status of space in the development of the country and sustainable security, which, while expressing the fundamental issues concerning space technology and space activities of the country, examine specialized fields in remote sensing and space imaging. Space structure, space legal regime, space functions and space technology are the major topics discussed in this paper. https://www.sepehr.org/article_26550_56c9807aabbf7dc7279c1ec2b314bc47.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 19 76 2011 01 21 Study and Examination of the Effects of Urban Development (1) on the Environment Study and Examination of the Effects of Urban Development (1) on the Environment 29 33 26551 FA Esma'il Salehi Faculty Member of Faculty of the Environment, University of Tehran 0000-0002-1627-6277 Saeed Negahban Faculty Member of Environmental Faculty, University of Tehran Zohreh Ja'farian Dehkordi Master of Geography and Urban Planning, Faculty of Geography, University of Tehran Journal Article 2010 07 25 Cities are open systems that have always been the origin of change and are themselves changing and evolving, and given the growing population of cities in today's world, the physical space of the city has also expanded and occupied the surrounding land. The physical growth of cities has absorbed and destroyed high-quality land. Human societies have been established in the early stages of formation with the aim of using high quality soils for agriculture, alongside or among high quality agricultural land. Over time, along with the expansion of the villages and their conversion into cities, and then the development of cities, high-quality agricultural lands have been added to the urban area and agricultural activities are retreating to poor lands. This article tries to understand the environmental impacts of urban development using a method based on secondary sources, and the results show that this issue is taking place continuously in parts of the suburbs of any city with potential of development and expansion. This physical growth of cities causes the destruction of the environmental balance between the city and its surroundings, which not only reduces the quantity and quality of resources and living conditions, but also causes major complications such as air and water pollution, noise pollution, and In general, the destruction of the environment. Cities are open systems that have always been the origin of change and are themselves changing and evolving, and given the growing population of cities in today's world, the physical space of the city has also expanded and occupied the surrounding land. The physical growth of cities has absorbed and destroyed high-quality land. Human societies have been established in the early stages of formation with the aim of using high quality soils for agriculture, alongside or among high quality agricultural land. Over time, along with the expansion of the villages and their conversion into cities, and then the development of cities, high-quality agricultural lands have been added to the urban area and agricultural activities are retreating to poor lands. This article tries to understand the environmental impacts of urban development using a method based on secondary sources, and the results show that this issue is taking place continuously in parts of the suburbs of any city with potential of development and expansion. This physical growth of cities causes the destruction of the environmental balance between the city and its surroundings, which not only reduces the quantity and quality of resources and living conditions, but also causes major complications such as air and water pollution, noise pollution, and In general, the destruction of the environment.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26551_bbd2f7ac63dcd6415a821f8b0168b88e.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 19 76 2011 01 21 The Zoning of Handslide Hazard Potential in Ghare Chay Basin Using the Method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in GIS Environment The Zoning of Handslide Hazard Potential in Ghare Chay Basin Using the Method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in GIS Environment 34 38 26552 FA Mohammad Hassan Sadough Associate Professor of Shahid Beheshti University, Faculty of Earth Sciences Teimur Ja'fari Assistant Professor, University of Bojnourd, Faculty of Humanities Hojjatollah Eskandari Master's Degree, Shahid Beheshti University Journal Article 2010 07 25 Investigating factors effective in occurrence of landslides in a region and the zoning of the resulting risks can effectively help reduce the damage caused by this phenomenon. The present research is an attempt in this field, and by analyzing the effective factors of landslide formation, attempts to carry out the zoning of the risk of mass movements of Gharah Chay watershed using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Gharah Chai Basin is one of the sub-basins of the Atrak River. In this study, first the factors affecting the occurrence of landslides in the area were investigated, and the most important factors were identified to be lithology, slope alignment (structure, topography), slope, slope direction, land use, distance from village, the drainage network density, distance from river, distance from fault, and elevation classes in order, and then the landslide distribution map was prepared. In the hierarchical analysis method, the ten above factors were used. In this method, the factors considered are compared in pairs and the weight of the factors is calculated. For classifying the factors, they were scored with taking the percentage of slip level into account. At the end, the zoning model was obtained by considering the weights obtained for each factor and the scores obtained. Accordingly, the range was divided into five level of risks. The map was divided into five classes with very high (2.6 km2), high (14.4 km2), medium (14.5 km2), low (4.6 km2) and very low risk (1.8 km2). Investigating factors effective in occurrence of landslides in a region and the zoning of the resulting risks can effectively help reduce the damage caused by this phenomenon. The present research is an attempt in this field, and by analyzing the effective factors of landslide formation, attempts to carry out the zoning of the risk of mass movements of Gharah Chay watershed using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Gharah Chai Basin is one of the sub-basins of the Atrak River. In this study, first the factors affecting the occurrence of landslides in the area were investigated, and the most important factors were identified to be lithology, slope alignment (structure, topography), slope, slope direction, land use, distance from village, the drainage network density, distance from river, distance from fault, and elevation classes in order, and then the landslide distribution map was prepared. In the hierarchical analysis method, the ten above factors were used. In this method, the factors considered are compared in pairs and the weight of the factors is calculated. For classifying the factors, they were scored with taking the percentage of slip level into account. At the end, the zoning model was obtained by considering the weights obtained for each factor and the scores obtained. Accordingly, the range was divided into five level of risks. The map was divided into five classes with very high (2.6 km2), high (14.4 km2), medium (14.5 km2), low (4.6 km2) and very low risk (1.8 km2).

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26552_9b665b2accf17da9077cea4c5dad8e94.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 19 76 2011 01 21 Evaluation of Geographic Location of the Airports of the Country Based on Climatic and Topographic Components Evaluation of Geographic Location of the Airports of the Country Based on Climatic and Topographic Components 39 44 26553 FA Rahim Sarvar Associate Professor of Islamic Azad University of Shahr-e-Ray Mohammad Reza Abdoli Master of Geography and Urban Planning, Islamic Azad University of Shahr-e-Rey Journal Article 2010 07 25 Today, airports are not complexes like passenger terminals and large railroad stations, with cars and passengers on the one side, and on the other side the planes, but airports have gained a multi-purpose existence. Nowadays, by increasing the capacity and efficiency of the airports on the one hand, and paying attention to issues such as sustainable development and environmental protection on the other, consideration of geographical factors in the location of airports is deemed very important, as in developed countries It receives a great deal of attention. Among the geographic factors affecting the location of the airport, the climatic and topographic components play a greater role, as they have a great influence on the efficiency and activity of the airport. The main objective of this paper is to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the locating process of the country’s airports based on climatic and topographic factors. To achieve this goal, secondary and field methods have been used. Based on the findings of this research, insufficient attention to climate and topographic factors in the location of airports in the country has led to a decrease in the safety and health of the flights and, in some cases, severe and fatal accidents. This Situation can be improved by correction of existing deficiencies and the application of geographic factors in future plans. Today, airports are not complexes like passenger terminals and large railroad stations, with cars and passengers on the one side, and on the other side the planes, but airports have gained a multi-purpose existence. Nowadays, by increasing the capacity and efficiency of the airports on the one hand, and paying attention to issues such as sustainable development and environmental protection on the other, consideration of geographical factors in the location of airports is deemed very important, as in developed countries It receives a great deal of attention. Among the geographic factors affecting the location of the airport, the climatic and topographic components play a greater role, as they have a great influence on the efficiency and activity of the airport. The main objective of this paper is to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the locating process of the country’s airports based on climatic and topographic factors. To achieve this goal, secondary and field methods have been used. Based on the findings of this research, insufficient attention to climate and topographic factors in the location of airports in the country has led to a decrease in the safety and health of the flights and, in some cases, severe and fatal accidents. This Situation can be improved by correction of existing deficiencies and the application of geographic factors in future plans.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26553_206b469d9ef37b260a78ca51f4675d09.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 19 76 2011 01 21 The System for Measuring Very Long Distances of Ground Stations and Positioning Using the VLBI (1) The System for Measuring Very Long Distances of Ground Stations and Positioning Using the VLBI (1) 45 47 26554 FA Abbas Ali Saleh Abadi Faculty Member of the Surveying School Hamid Sadeghi Master's Degree; University of Science and Technology Hamed Sadeghi Master of Remote Sensing Journal Article 2010 07 25 One of the important issues in the field of surveying or military affairs is to determine the coordinates of the points on the earth, from which the distances, angles and other parameters of a point compared with the target or any other point can be measured, for which there are many methods including photogrammetry and land surveying, especially effective for short distances. But, due to lack of direct vision, these methods are not efficient enough for very long distances, such as thousands of kilometers between the continents. In this case, space and astronomical objects should be used because of the insignificance of the intercontinental distance compared to it, as well as the simultaneous view of the two stations and the space mass in a constant time. The present study describes the method of determining the location using the received waves from anonymous space objects. One of the important issues in the field of surveying or military affairs is to determine the coordinates of the points on the earth, from which the distances, angles and other parameters of a point compared with the target or any other point can be measured, for which there are many methods including photogrammetry and land surveying, especially effective for short distances. But, due to lack of direct vision, these methods are not efficient enough for very long distances, such as thousands of kilometers between the continents. In this case, space and astronomical objects should be used because of the insignificance of the intercontinental distance compared to it, as well as the simultaneous view of the two stations and the space mass in a constant time. The present study describes the method of determining the location using the received waves from anonymous space objects.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26554_6aa34060a5e07ed26a66ed23cff573a6.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 19 76 2011 01 21 Assessment of Levels of Economic-Social Development of Human Settlements in Shahrekord City Assessment of Levels of Economic-Social Development of Human Settlements in Shahrekord City 48 54 26555 FA Jamal Mohammadi Assistant Professor of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Isfahan Mostafa Mohammadi Deh Cheshmeh Master of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Isfahan Journal Article 2010 07 25 The quality of development and its infrastructures has created major issues in the development process of the country's regions due to unfavorable and centralized planning in the past. Various dimensions and structural complexity of this issue are among the major setbacks in providing the appropriate model for distribution of credits. In order to solve the problems caused by regional imbalances, the first step is to identify and classify the development of areas in terms of economy, infrastructure and communication, sociocultural conditions, health care, education, ... . The purpose of this research is to measure the level of possible development of human settlements in Shahrekord city, and the studied areas are rural districts of this city. The methodology used in this study is utilization of correlation, secondary and analytical models. Based on this, 37 indicators were evaluated in the form of seven general indicators (education, health, public facilities, communication, tourism, economic and internal) among 11 villages, and their results have been analyzed using CA and GM models. The research findings show that the distribution of developmental levels among rural districts of Shahrekord is unbalanced and the differences and dispersion of educational and health indices have the most effect on this imbalance. The quality of development and its infrastructures has created major issues in the development process of the country's regions due to unfavorable and centralized planning in the past. Various dimensions and structural complexity of this issue are among the major setbacks in providing the appropriate model for distribution of credits. In order to solve the problems caused by regional imbalances, the first step is to identify and classify the development of areas in terms of economy, infrastructure and communication, sociocultural conditions, health care, education, ... . The purpose of this research is to measure the level of possible development of human settlements in Shahrekord city, and the studied areas are rural districts of this city. The methodology used in this study is utilization of correlation, secondary and analytical models. Based on this, 37 indicators were evaluated in the form of seven general indicators (education, health, public facilities, communication, tourism, economic and internal) among 11 villages, and their results have been analyzed using CA and GM models. The research findings show that the distribution of developmental levels among rural districts of Shahrekord is unbalanced and the differences and dispersion of educational and health indices have the most effect on this imbalance.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26555_93b11c0513adfa6f2b53b35dd3d472bb.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 19 76 2011 01 21 The Study of the Role of Forms and Geomorphologic Processes in the Formation of Building Materials Emphasizing Aggregates The Study of the Role of Forms and Geomorphologic Processes in the Formation of Building Materials Emphasizing Aggregates 55 60 26556 FA Siavush Shayan Assistant Professor of Geography at Tarbiat Modares University Kazem Bahrami Master of Engineering Geology at Tarbiat Modares University Shahram Bahrami Assistant Professor, Department of Geography, Tarbiat-e-Mo'allem University of Sabzevar Journal Article 2010 07 25 Aggregates are part of building materials including hard materials such as sand, gravel and rubble, which, after being combined with other adhesive materials, can be used in the production of concrete, mortar and plaster, and in the construction of roads and railways, Bridges, tunnels, dams, airports, and other construction purposes. The present study investigates the formation, dispersion and distribution of aggregates in relation to landforms and geomorphologic processes. The result of this study is that a large part of aggregate resources are formed in river landforms or alluvial environments such as the current and old river basins, the intersection of the rivers, the new alluvial terraces, and parts of the alluvial fans. In glacial environments, forms such as alluvial ice plains, kames and eskers are considered as among prone areas for the formation and exploration of aggregates. In coastal areas, continental shelf sediments and littoral drift and some ancient geomorphological forms, and dunes in the desert areas are capable of exploring aggregate resources. In erosional anticlines or anticline ridges that are hard at the top and loose at the bottom, there are large zones of debris that, if fresh or poorly weathered, can be a very good source for extraction of aggregates. Also, geomorphologic processes such as weathering, erosion and transportation of materials, physical and chemical degradation, as well as tectonic factors and geomorphologic changes play very important role in the formation, dispersion and quality of aggregates and building materials. Aggregates are part of building materials including hard materials such as sand, gravel and rubble, which, after being combined with other adhesive materials, can be used in the production of concrete, mortar and plaster, and in the construction of roads and railways, Bridges, tunnels, dams, airports, and other construction purposes. The present study investigates the formation, dispersion and distribution of aggregates in relation to landforms and geomorphologic processes. The result of this study is that a large part of aggregate resources are formed in river landforms or alluvial environments such as the current and old river basins, the intersection of the rivers, the new alluvial terraces, and parts of the alluvial fans. In glacial environments, forms such as alluvial ice plains, kames and eskers are considered as among prone areas for the formation and exploration of aggregates. In coastal areas, continental shelf sediments and littoral drift and some ancient geomorphological forms, and dunes in the desert areas are capable of exploring aggregate resources. In erosional anticlines or anticline ridges that are hard at the top and loose at the bottom, there are large zones of debris that, if fresh or poorly weathered, can be a very good source for extraction of aggregates. Also, geomorphologic processes such as weathering, erosion and transportation of materials, physical and chemical degradation, as well as tectonic factors and geomorphologic changes play very important role in the formation, dispersion and quality of aggregates and building materials.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26556_005b00cc243fb4f39296fa0f16a21482.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 19 76 2011 01 21 Post Modernism in Urbanization Post Modernism in Urbanization 61 66 26557 FA Hossein Hataminejad Faculty Member of the School of Geography, University of Tehran Mohammd Hossein Janbabanejad Master of Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran Journal Article 2010 07 25 Postmodernism is considered to be the most prevalent feature of modernism, which is characterized by a combined imitation (Pastiche). The postmodern moment comes when the avant-garde (modern) is no longer able to continue and advance, and can not go a step further. The postmodern response to modernity implies acknowledgment of the fact that the past must be reconsidered or revised, because the past can not really be destroyed, because the destruction of the past leads to silence. Postmodernism indicates a new kind of crisis in the modernist culture itself. This crisis emphasizes that scattered, decomposing, passing, turbulent and disordered aspect in Baudelaire’s formulation. Post-modern state of affairs has been closely associated with the growth of cities, particularly with the dramatic trend of urbanization and migration to major cities in recent decades. But this growth of cities was beyond what Le Corbusier and Max Weber considered to be for civilized and rational groups. In general, modernism and postmodernism have influenced various fields of literature, art, architecture, urban sociology, social theory, and urbanization, and their influence is still evident in these areas. In this article, written by descriptive-analytical method, we try to consider the concepts and characteristics of modernism and postmodernism in the field of urbanization, their differences and effects, especially of postmodernism, in different urban areas including physical and non-physical. Postmodernism is considered to be the most prevalent feature of modernism, which is characterized by a combined imitation (Pastiche). The postmodern moment comes when the avant-garde (modern) is no longer able to continue and advance, and can not go a step further. The postmodern response to modernity implies acknowledgment of the fact that the past must be reconsidered or revised, because the past can not really be destroyed, because the destruction of the past leads to silence. Postmodernism indicates a new kind of crisis in the modernist culture itself. This crisis emphasizes that scattered, decomposing, passing, turbulent and disordered aspect in Baudelaire’s formulation. Post-modern state of affairs has been closely associated with the growth of cities, particularly with the dramatic trend of urbanization and migration to major cities in recent decades. But this growth of cities was beyond what Le Corbusier and Max Weber considered to be for civilized and rational groups. In general, modernism and postmodernism have influenced various fields of literature, art, architecture, urban sociology, social theory, and urbanization, and their influence is still evident in these areas. In this article, written by descriptive-analytical method, we try to consider the concepts and characteristics of modernism and postmodernism in the field of urbanization, their differences and effects, especially of postmodernism, in different urban areas including physical and non-physical.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26557_06f867ad5a8dd38502b33ec03d5abc47.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 19 76 2011 01 21 Use of Artificial Lake Sediments (Dams) as Environmental Evidence of Basin Entrances and Atmospheric Pollutant Use of Artificial Lake Sediments (Dams) as Environmental Evidence of Basin Entrances and Atmospheric Pollutant 67 79 26558 FA Farhad Ja'fari Master of Natural Geography (Geomorphology) (Translator) Journal Article 2010 07 25 Natural lakes and artificial reservoirs (dams) are considered as reservoirs for storing water in the watershed area, as well as for the accumulation of fine sediments derived from the atmosphere, and thus containing valuable information on the time variations in these entrances. While the use of sediments of natural lakes as environmental documentation has been validated, the use of dam deposits (artificial lakes) as time records has been less frequent. But, apparently, for the purpose of examining the past pollution, artificial water resources are more attractive: these reserves are mostly located in proximity to cities and industrial pollutants, and sediments accumulate rapidly and simultaneously with the spread of contamination. The lack of interest in artificial reservoir sediments has been due to this view that the change in the level of water resources of these reservoirs is likely to cause considerable disturbance in reservoir sediments. This perception may be reinforced by the absence of research into sedimentary systems of artificial reservoirs. Therefore, there is a need for a revision of published research (relatively few studies that use sediments of artificial water reservoirs and studies on the literature of sediments of natural lakes) about the patterns and processes of artificial reservoirs, and thus, vitally assesses the potential and problems associated with the use of water deposits as time records of contamination. The current understanding of sedimentation processes and distribution of sediment resulting from those processes is revised. Some important differences between artificial and natural lakes are emphasized and the requirements for sampling and interpretation of sedimentary data are discussed. It is suggested that a valuable source is currently in use, and it is also shown that artificial reservoir sediment data can provide important data for understanding and reconstruction of atmospheric pollution and watershed of these resources. Natural lakes and artificial reservoirs (dams) are considered as reservoirs for storing water in the watershed area, as well as for the accumulation of fine sediments derived from the atmosphere, and thus containing valuable information on the time variations in these entrances. While the use of sediments of natural lakes as environmental documentation has been validated, the use of dam deposits (artificial lakes) as time records has been less frequent. But, apparently, for the purpose of examining the past pollution, artificial water resources are more attractive: these reserves are mostly located in proximity to cities and industrial pollutants, and sediments accumulate rapidly and simultaneously with the spread of contamination. The lack of interest in artificial reservoir sediments has been due to this view that the change in the level of water resources of these reservoirs is likely to cause considerable disturbance in reservoir sediments. This perception may be reinforced by the absence of research into sedimentary systems of artificial reservoirs. Therefore, there is a need for a revision of published research (relatively few studies that use sediments of artificial water reservoirs and studies on the literature of sediments of natural lakes) about the patterns and processes of artificial reservoirs, and thus, vitally assesses the potential and problems associated with the use of water deposits as time records of contamination. The current understanding of sedimentation processes and distribution of sediment resulting from those processes is revised. Some important differences between artificial and natural lakes are emphasized and the requirements for sampling and interpretation of sedimentary data are discussed. It is suggested that a valuable source is currently in use, and it is also shown that artificial reservoir sediment data can provide important data for understanding and reconstruction of atmospheric pollution and watershed of these resources.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26558_ae2811a45bfd76ab1472d8cfe3ed3992.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 19 76 2011 01 21 Methodology for Designing Data Center Architecture for a Government Organization Methodology for Designing Data Center Architecture for a Government Organization 80 88 26559 FA Gholam Abbas Ma'soumi Master of Science in Information and Communication Technology Journal Article 2010 07 25 In the present era, the importance of productivity and the promotion of the performance of companies and organizations in a competitive environment has encouraged them to make more efficient use of computer networks. This is not only possible without the provision of fast, inexpensive, full time, easily available, secure and sustainable services. Therefore, organizations and companies, in the competitive world, must purchase, install and maintain a variety of equipment and hardware, and pay their capital and communicative costs. High costs, lack of skilled human resources, and failure to meet the standards are among the problems of these organizations. To solve these problems, data centers have been developed. These centers, with extraordinary security, strong support, and specific conditions, provide a platform for organizations and companies to leave their data, programs and services to these centers to be used by themselves and their customers remotely. Sooner or later, most Government agencies will have to move towards data centers as a result of high data volumes, the lack of a centralized storage system, availability issues, and security problems. In this paper, using a federal organizational architecture framework, a methodology for architectural design of a data center is presented. In the present era, the importance of productivity and the promotion of the performance of companies and organizations in a competitive environment has encouraged them to make more efficient use of computer networks. This is not only possible without the provision of fast, inexpensive, full time, easily available, secure and sustainable services. Therefore, organizations and companies, in the competitive world, must purchase, install and maintain a variety of equipment and hardware, and pay their capital and communicative costs. High costs, lack of skilled human resources, and failure to meet the standards are among the problems of these organizations. To solve these problems, data centers have been developed. These centers, with extraordinary security, strong support, and specific conditions, provide a platform for organizations and companies to leave their data, programs and services to these centers to be used by themselves and their customers remotely. Sooner or later, most Government agencies will have to move towards data centers as a result of high data volumes, the lack of a centralized storage system, availability issues, and security problems. In this paper, using a federal organizational architecture framework, a methodology for architectural design of a data center is presented.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26559_db18ad102e99e047876c7c51ff482d5a.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 19 76 2011 01 21 Investigation and Analysis of Precipitation Mechanism in Golestan Plain Investigation and Analysis of Precipitation Mechanism in Golestan Plain 89 94 26560 FA Esma'il Shahkouii Journal Article 2010 07 25 Precipitation as one of the climatic elements is an appropriate index for climate change. Precipitation in the studied years and the years before and after it shows the instability and the many fluctuations whose prediction, based on the probable precipitation formulas in hydrology, is very simple, important and practical, and can help prevent financial and life losses in the future. In this research, using the 21-year precipitation data in 12 stations of Golestan plain, the characteristics and the quality of precipitation, the monthly-seasonal and spatial precipitation regime, have been analyzed and presented through columnar and circular diagrams and tables, and since precipitation is an unstable climatic element, which changes from year to year in terms of time intervals, and it can not be expected that the behavior of the climate be the same and homogeneous everywhere, therefore, in calculating the empirical probabilities of occurrence of precipitation and probable precipitation, their monthly and yearly variation coefficients have been analyzed. Precipitation as one of the climatic elements is an appropriate index for climate change. Precipitation in the studied years and the years before and after it shows the instability and the many fluctuations whose prediction, based on the probable precipitation formulas in hydrology, is very simple, important and practical, and can help prevent financial and life losses in the future. In this research, using the 21-year precipitation data in 12 stations of Golestan plain, the characteristics and the quality of precipitation, the monthly-seasonal and spatial precipitation regime, have been analyzed and presented through columnar and circular diagrams and tables, and since precipitation is an unstable climatic element, which changes from year to year in terms of time intervals, and it can not be expected that the behavior of the climate be the same and homogeneous everywhere, therefore, in calculating the empirical probabilities of occurrence of precipitation and probable precipitation, their monthly and yearly variation coefficients have been analyzed.

https://www.sepehr.org/article_26560_db922619896fd0e04b6e58c897c61841.pdf

National Geographical Organization Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR) 2588-3860 19 76 2011 01 21 The Role and Application of Aerial and Satellite Images and GIS in Environmental Planning The Role and Application of Aerial and Satellite Images and GIS in Environmental Planning 95 96 26561 FA Arman Gheisvandi Member of Faculty of Payame Noor University, Sanandaj Journal Article 2010 07 25 Today, we are facing with the ever-increasing advances in remote sensing and aerial photography and satellite imagery, with the increasing use of remote sensing and GIS in environmental planning, especially in various branches of natural sciences and earth sciences. In this paper, we have tried to examine the role and application of satellite imagery in environmental studies. GIS can be considered a high-level mapping product. The term "GIS" has been used in recent years as synonymous with the rapidly emerging technology for the processing of spatial data. GIS can be defined as a powerful set of computer tools for collecting, storing, restoring, transmitting and displaying spatial data from the real world for specific purposes. Today, we are facing with the ever-increasing advances in remote sensing and aerial photography and satellite imagery, with the increasing use of remote sensing and GIS in environmental planning, especially in various branches of natural sciences and earth sciences. In this paper, we have tried to examine the role and application of satellite imagery in environmental studies. GIS can be considered a high-level mapping product. The term "GIS" has been used in recent years as synonymous with the rapidly emerging technology for the processing of spatial data. GIS can be defined as a powerful set of computer tools for collecting, storing, restoring, transmitting and displaying spatial data from the real world for specific purposes. https://www.sepehr.org/article_26561_b62510e29bba2eb5af6ba88c3dce08e0.pdf