Increasing the use of fishery resources and increasing global demand for food has created the need for a new look at the nature and the potential of the aquaculture sector andthis question is raised that how far aquaculture can increase protein production and human food security in the long run. The present study is an attempt to provide a part of the information requirements regarding the potential of aquaculture and the estimation of ecological and socioeconomic power of SARDASHT city in west Azerbaijan province for breeding cold water fish and mainly rainbow trout. This study has been conducted with the aim of locating and prioritizing SARDASHT’s underground water resources in West Azerbaijan province for the construction of rainbow trout breeding pools using geographic information system (GIS). For this purpose, after reviewing the sources and previous studies done in this field, effective measures in locating trout breeding pools were classified as: (1) ecologic- water (water’s rate of flow, type of water source, water temperature, PH), Shape of the land (slope, altitude), land use, distance from accidental areas (distance from flood areas, distance from earthquake areas); (2) economic - market proximity, profitability, and access to labor force; (3) social- employment, type of Exploitation ownership, population density; and (4) Infrastructure - proximity to the road, proximity to electricity, or proximity to telephone lines, and the like.  Finally, it has been carried out using collected data and providing information layers in the GIS environment. The results revealed that out of a total of 208 sources of water being exploited, 141 sources of water had the ability for breeding trout.