Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province is located at the heart of the Zagros Highlands between north latitudes of 31 degrees,14 minutes to 32 degrees, 47 minutes, and between eastern longitudes of 49 degrees,51 minutes to 51 degrees, 34 minutes (Refer to maps 1 and 2). The altitude of the province is very high, so that Shahrekord is 2066 m, Zaman Khan bridge 2000 m and Hamgin 2150 m above the sea level. The temperature in the region increases from north to south, but in general it is one of the coldest parts of the country. For example, the annual temperature in Shahrekord is 12.1 ° C and the average minimum temperature in five months of year in this city is below zero degrees (See Figures 1 and 2). The average annual temperature of Adl Borujin station is 10.4 degrees and the average of the minimum temperature during the five coldest months of year is below zero. The rainfall in the region is high in comarison with the rest of the country; for example, the annual rainfall is 323 mm in Shahrekord, 469.5 mm in Borujen and 530 mm in
Lordegan (see Figures 3 and 4).
In this paper, while identifying the climatic factors of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province and their effects on the design of residential spaces, we tried to answer the following questions.

• What are the characteristics of the province’s climate and what is its condition in terms of temperature?
• What is the impact of climatic conditions on residential space design?
• What is the amount of cooling and heating energy required in different seasons, and under which conditions can energy requirements be brought to a minimum?
• How can residential spaces, streets and alleys be arranged to receive maximum solar energy during cold season and the minimum of this energy during warm season?