shahabadin isalou; Gholamreza Latifi; VAHID GOODARZY
Abstract
Abstract
Confronting natural disasters and managing that by using the most efficient means, have always been subjected to deliberation, investigation and examination from various aspects. But, a comprehensive and locative analysis on the spur of the moment is always an essential act that must be taken.In ...
Read More
Abstract
Confronting natural disasters and managing that by using the most efficient means, have always been subjected to deliberation, investigation and examination from various aspects. But, a comprehensive and locative analysis on the spur of the moment is always an essential act that must be taken.In this field, geographic information system is capable through integrating information of providing a comprehensive analysis and identification of the zones which require attention and have been very effective. Among natural disasters, earthquake is very unpleasant and leaves the highest mortality rates, hence, its management is very important, especially in the urban context. Most injuries from the earthquake due to the physical resistance of tissue, the impossibility of relief and incapability of reversibility had been in direct or indirect connection with undesired structural situations. This paper tries to offer the most effective strategies to achieve a higher quality of physical safety against potential earthquakes through assessment of physical vulnerability and determine vulnerable zones.
Materials & Methods:
Using the five indicators, (population density, land use risks, quality of buildings, age of buildings, access to the centers of relief and rescue) information layers of each of these variables were produced and these layers were integrated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process IHWP in Arc GIS environment, and the location of district 1 was evaluated against earthquakes.
Results & Discussion:
Findings show that the physical texture of district 1 in Tehran is relatively safe against possible earthquakes, districts 9, 7 and 5 are very safe,districts 4, 6 and 10 are safe, and districts 2 and 8 are moderately safe. Districts 1 and 3 were assessed as areas with low safetyand subjected to disaster. In general, the north of this area has narrow passageways and streets, high-rise buildings, worn out textureand ruined sites, which is unsafe and vulnerable to earthquakes.
Conclusion:
Based on the principles of urban management,non-standard sales of building density by the municipality of Tehran in this area and the growing trend of population is considered to be the main problem and a serious threatening alarm to the life of the region.
Gholamreza Latifi; Mohammad Hosein Kazemi Andaryian
Volume 21, Issue 82 , September 2012, , Pages 22-26
Abstract
The present article proposes land transformation model which consists of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). This model applies varied political, social and environmental models as predictive variables. The study introduces a version of LTM model for Grand Traverse ...
Read More
The present article proposes land transformation model which consists of Geographic Information System (GIS) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). This model applies varied political, social and environmental models as predictive variables. The study introduces a version of LTM model for Grand Traverse basin in Michigan gulf and shows how factors like roads, highways, and local streets, and rivers, coastlines in large lakes, entertainment facilities, inland lakes, agriculture density and landscape quality can affect urbanization pattern in coastal basin. GIS is used for understanding local patterns of development, estimating predicting capacity of the model from artificial neural network, spatial expansion of predicting stimulators, and spatial analysis. Finally, the contribution of each predicting variable is estimated and presented on a spatial scale. Landscape quality was the strongest predicting variable on the smallest scale. Multi-scale impacts of land use changes are analyzed using the relational impacts of the site (like landscape quality, local streets) and position (like highways and roads between different regions) on different scales.
Gholam Reza Latifi
Volume 19, Issue 75 , November 2010, , Pages 67-77
Abstract
Developing a regional network strategy to build city-village interactions is a guide for further research on providing an appropriate policy with an emphasis on Indonesia. In this paper, we try to solve the problem of chronic non-communication between rural and urban development theories and plans by ...
Read More
Developing a regional network strategy to build city-village interactions is a guide for further research on providing an appropriate policy with an emphasis on Indonesia. In this paper, we try to solve the problem of chronic non-communication between rural and urban development theories and plans by introducing a regional network strategy that considers the existing analyses of the issues of continuity and interdependence between villages and cities. To illustrate this strategy a number of examples concerning Indonesian regional conditions are presented.
Gholam Reza Latifi
Volume 19, Issue 74 , August 2010, , Pages 36-42
Abstract
Developing a regional network strategy to build city-village interactions is a guide for further research on providing an appropriate policy with an emphasis on Indonesia. In this paper, we try to solve the problem of chronic non-communication between rural and urban development theories and plans by ...
Read More
Developing a regional network strategy to build city-village interactions is a guide for further research on providing an appropriate policy with an emphasis on Indonesia. In this paper, we try to solve the problem of chronic non-communication between rural and urban development theories and plans by introducing a regional network strategy that considers the existing analyses of the issues of continuity and interdependence between villages and cities. To illustrate this strategy a number of examples concerning Indonesian regional conditions are presented.
Gholamreza Latifi; Alireza Samani
Volume 18, Issue 70 , August 2009, , Pages 59-64
Abstract
The capital of Iran, located in Tehran, is virtually the center of all activities in the country and is still attractive to absorb the population. While Tehran can be developed as the focus of some of the future activities, such as higher education and advanced technology in the future, it should be ...
Read More
The capital of Iran, located in Tehran, is virtually the center of all activities in the country and is still attractive to absorb the population. While Tehran can be developed as the focus of some of the future activities, such as higher education and advanced technology in the future, it should be gradually taken out of the position of the general center for all of the country's affairs. To this end, the focus of the growth of other issues can be transferred outside Tehran - in different cities, or at a new point.
2) Iran’s capital is facing various problems - from traffic, transportation and access to air pollution. These issues should be solved or at least partly healed by employing efficient managers and utilizing a variety of facilities - human resources and equipment and funds.
3) The geographical situation of Iran is such that its different regions have different climates. Having a metropolis like Tehran, which is practically the center of political, educational, industrial, health and medical care and business of the whole country, necessitates the displacement of large groups of people of the country to or from Tehran – or residing in there- for the sake of their activities development. With these conditions, it is better to have a few metropolitan areas, instead of a major metropolis.
4) The situation in Tehran in view of the fact that most of its recently developed parts are located in hazardous areas in terms of natural disasters - earthquakes and the vicinity of active faults, the floating domains and the possibility of landslide, instability and land subsidence, flood risk and its history in Tehran, The issue of surface and underground water and droughts for several decades or more - has gradually increased the risk of life in Tehran. The process of migration to Tehran has continued according to the latest data of Iran's statistics center. One of this issue’s results is the growth of slum dwelling, insecurity development - especially in the marginal areas of the city and new cities, delinquency and unemployment and other problems in Tehran. Multiculturalism in Tehran turns into cultural problems, instead of cultural development of Tehran.
5) With this condition, Tehran’s growth is practically accompanied by the destruction of spaces and urban fabric with house-garden identity. The Capital that has neither it’s old nor a modern identity, practically loses the qualification of being the Capital to a country with civilization and cultural history of Iran.
6) Air pollution in Tehran is such that, in particular in the cold season, it is associated with the unnoticed loss of life of our young and old countrymen and those with respiratory problems. I called these casualties to be unnoticed, because many of those whose lives are being shortened because of this crisis, neither themselves nor the others count them as casualties due to air pollution. Along with these challenges and other important reasons for the necessity of stopping the growth of Tehran, the simultaneous attempts to make it possible to live in it and the gradual transfer of part of the activities out of the province of Tehran, as well as the need to find options for a completely new capital - not an existing city that will eventually lead to a fate like Tehran - there are various issues raised by critics of this transfer, main ones of which are: 1) Many problems in Tehran are urgent. There is no time left to spend energy on other options. Any amount of energy should be allocated to improve the current situation in Tehran. Answer: This summing up was done about the city of Tehran after the end of the war with Iraq, whose consequent was of course the creation and development of urban and modern infrastructure, and simultaneously, unplanned urban development, sale of licenses for building extra floors, and management according to money and imbalanced urban development. What’s more, estimate of urgent and daily needs are always met with the challenge of “forgetting major planning”.
Gholamreza Latifi; Alireza Samani
Volume 18, Issue 69 , May 2009, , Pages 41-44
Abstract
The transfer of the capital is a problem that has always been a concern of the past governments of Iran, so that after various experiences of the transfer of the capital by Shah Abbas, Nadir Shah, Karim Khan Zand and others to cities such as Isfahan, Mashhad and Shiraz, Aghamohammadkhan of Qajar, ...
Read More
The transfer of the capital is a problem that has always been a concern of the past governments of Iran, so that after various experiences of the transfer of the capital by Shah Abbas, Nadir Shah, Karim Khan Zand and others to cities such as Isfahan, Mashhad and Shiraz, Aghamohammadkhan of Qajar, determining Tehran as the everlasting capital, sewed the dress of traffic jams on Tehran's body and started the process which led to multi-billion trades in this city so that the small village became such a metropolis. The capital or political center in Iran, like its political boundaries, has had many ups and downs during the history of the country, and, subject to the change of government, its capital, except in a few cases, has been moved from city to city. A glance at the historical past of this change reflects the various motivations that have displaced the political center of the country in accordance with the time, place and social structure of the state, by preserving the political strategy and geopolitical issues of the time. These motives were mainly first political-security, and in the second place economic-social. Tehran, which today is the capital of Iran, does not have a long urban history. This city has long been one of the small villages of Rai, and the city of Tehran has grown since the Qajar period and its capitalization. These days, some have raised the issue of transferring the capital or the center of the country to another place. Concerning this suggestion, various and different opinions have been expressed. In this paper, we tried first of all to consider the transfer of the capital, in general and by considering the circumstances we are in on the one hand, and on the other, the experience and objectives of the countries that have chosen the new capital. Then, in contrast to the proposal to transfer the capital in the present situation, which public opinion may consider as a kind of escape from responsibility, we attempted to examine the main issue or the search for a solution that would allow the gradual elimination or modification of the problems of Tehran metropolis.
Gholam Reza Latifi
Volume 15, Issue 59 , November 2006, , Pages 22-26
Abstract
The expansion of cities and urbanization and the gradual increase of the number of large cities in the world especially in developing countries including Iran on the one hand, and the growth of cities, concentration and accumulation of population, and increase of environmental and economic load on them ...
Read More
The expansion of cities and urbanization and the gradual increase of the number of large cities in the world especially in developing countries including Iran on the one hand, and the growth of cities, concentration and accumulation of population, and increase of environmental and economic load on them on the other, have led, in addition to greater attention paid to cities, to the acceptance of numerous roles and functions by them. One of the issues that most of the big cities in the world are concerned with is natural disasters. The unpredictability inherent in most of natural disasters and the need for rapid and correct decision-making and implementation of the operation in their face have created the theoretical and fundamental foundations of a science named Crisis Management. This science refers to a set of activities that take place before, during and after the crisis to reduce the effects of these incidents and decrease vulnerability. This has a special relationship with geography and urban planning and management. By using the principles and regulations of urban planning and by clarifying the concepts of this science such as the form, texture and structure of cities, urban land use, communication networks, urban infrastructure, etc., we can greatly reduce the effects and consequences of natural disasters. The geographic extent of Iran is one of the most vulnerable parts of the Planet in terms of the probability of occurrence of these events, especially earthquakes. Every year the occurrence of these incidents causes a great deal of life and financial losses, and urban areas have always had a bitter experience of the occurrence of such disasters. It seems therefore to be necessary to carry out specific planning for the safety of urban spaces. Cities are severely damaged by such cases due to population concentration and economic investment in them. Since the beginning of their formation, they have chosen a particular form and structure for their growth and have expanded over time. The science of urbanization can reduce the effects of such disasters by explaining its principles and concepts and by relying on geographical data, and crisis management can use these data to implement the necessary management principles to reduce the vulnerability of cities to these events.
Gholamreza Latifi
Volume 9, Issue 35 , November 2000, , Pages 45-50
Abstract
Ibn Khaldun explores the evolution of human society from the stages of primitive and nomadic life to the culmination of urban civilization. From his point of view, human civilization in different stages, from emergence to development and evolution, manifests itself in two distinct forms: nomadism and ...
Read More
Ibn Khaldun explores the evolution of human society from the stages of primitive and nomadic life to the culmination of urban civilization. From his point of view, human civilization in different stages, from emergence to development and evolution, manifests itself in two distinct forms: nomadism and urbanization.He attributes pure characteristics to these two types of community that may not be in full correspondence with reality. Therefore, as Max Weber considers transcendental types to be exaggerated abstractions related to reality, Ibn Khaldun examines nomadic and urban civilizations in light of the realities of his time and the history of the past.In his opinion, the simple and primitive community improves his state of affairs through solidarity and group effort, and inclines toward cities to provide comfort and prosperity. The complex urban life, diversity of occupations and the multiplicity of tools and instruments for satisfying the luxury needs give a special distinction to urban society.
