Sohrab Asgari; Farzaneh Sadeghi; Zahra Khanmohammadi
Volume 23, Issue 89 , May 2014, , Pages 17-25
Abstract
The Persian Gulf consists of 8 coastal countries and a water body of 240000 km. Coastal countries do not have the same access to this body of water which has caused some problems with dangerous environmental consequences. Persian Gulf (formerly known as Persian Sea) has specific natural and environmental ...
Read More
The Persian Gulf consists of 8 coastal countries and a water body of 240000 km. Coastal countries do not have the same access to this body of water which has caused some problems with dangerous environmental consequences. Persian Gulf (formerly known as Persian Sea) has specific natural and environmental situations and is thus very different from other seas and water bodies. Because of these differences, United Nation environment office ratified Kuwait convention, so that coastal countries act more sensitively in preserving Persian Gulf environment. In recent decades, Persian Gulf environment has faced many losses and damages due to inappropriate human activities. Because of these devastating activities, the unique ecosystem of this sea is being destroyed. The destructions are quite widespread and includes different activities. Some countries have transformed their sea coasts and thus increased environmental devastation of the sea. The present article has endeavor to investigate Persian Gulf’s natural and environmental situation, while reviewing its position in the United Nation convention on Law of the Sea (1982) analytically and scientifically. It also mentions the coastal countries responsibilities in maintaining this sea.
Zahra Izadi
Volume 22, SEPEHR , April 2013, , Pages 33-39
Abstract
Across the earth, many different ecosystems exist in water and land. Six ecosystems are visible just in land, desert ecosystem is one of which.
Nowadays, desert is one of the most sensitive ecosystems of the world. Since it has the required situation of life and living creatures, so that human beings ...
Read More
Across the earth, many different ecosystems exist in water and land. Six ecosystems are visible just in land, desert ecosystem is one of which.
Nowadays, desert is one of the most sensitive ecosystems of the world. Since it has the required situation of life and living creatures, so that human beings could adapt themselves with the situations and continue their life.
Since this ecosystem covers a vast expanse of our country, it is necessary to consider and investigate it. Every year, many animals and plants die and the residents of this ecosystem emigrate due to human negligence.
In this regard, the present article introduces and investigates desert ecosystem in Iran to clarify its status in the country. It also focuses on the importance of this ecosystem in Iranian natural environment and encourage the authorities to prevent the destruction of this ecosystem.
Shahnaz Shabani; Victoria Ezzatian
Volume 20, Issue 80 , February 2012, , Pages 47-56
Abstract
The expansion of urbanization and urban development, along with the acceleration of the population growth and the development of industrial activities that consume fossil fuels, has greatly increased the air pollution, with its consequences primarily as a variety of respiratory, cardiovascular, pulmonary, ...
Read More
The expansion of urbanization and urban development, along with the acceleration of the population growth and the development of industrial activities that consume fossil fuels, has greatly increased the air pollution, with its consequences primarily as a variety of respiratory, cardiovascular, pulmonary, Skin and ... diseases threatening the inhabitants of the cities. On the other hand, climatic parameters such as humidity, sunshine clock, temperature, air pressure and radiation levels of the sun increase the amount of pollutants in the atmosphere and increase their impact on humans and natural ecosystems. Therefore, by altering the composition of effective gases in the life of the earth's organisms and disturbing their balance, human beings have harmed themselves and the environment, causing extensive changes in the climatic patterns and, on the other hand, have exposed their lives and health to risk. In this paper, the relationship between climatic elements such as temperature, pressure, humidity and atmospheric pollutants such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrous oxide (NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrocarbon (HC) and particulate matter (PM10) with the prevalence of various diseases in Isfahan province have been investigated. For this purpose, after the data collection, statistical calculations were performed and the results were presented as tables and charts and the relationship between each variable and patients suffering diseases was investigated. The results show that there is a significant correlation between climatic elements such as temperature, pressure and humidity with the prevalence of cardiovascular, pulmonary, ocular and skin cancer.
Mahdi Mo'meni
Volume 19, Issue 75 , November 2010, , Pages 16-21
Abstract
Over the larger part of the planet, the landscape that is now exposed is mainly an artifact of human thought and creation. The impact of man in the natural environment has day-by-day and evidently changed the geographical spheres. The cumulative effect of human population over time, especially through ...
Read More
Over the larger part of the planet, the landscape that is now exposed is mainly an artifact of human thought and creation. The impact of man in the natural environment has day-by-day and evidently changed the geographical spheres. The cumulative effect of human population over time, especially through the use of technology over the final decades of the twentieth century, has made these changes very rapid. The relationship between man and the natural environment has been the subject of long discussions in the field of geography in the last century, and distinct environmentalist schools have developed. At the beginning of the 21st century, one of the missions of geography is to reveal and highlight the problems caused by these changes. Like other living beings, human is a part of the environment and needs air, water, soil and other creatures. Due to the interdependence of the components of the planet, any change in each of the components will endanger the entire system. Environmental problems are now widespread. This article is based on the hypothesis that human beings have artificially transformed the natural system through interference and imposing changes on the natural environment. This research deals with the analysis of environmental changes that has occurred in Iran through human interference in recent decades using descriptive and inferential methods as well as secondary methods. Changes in forests and rangelands, desertification and the spread of deserts and changes in valuable plant species, along with the penetration of some non-indigenous species have caused the degradation of sensitive ecosystems. The importance of education and promotion of appropriate social responses to environmental changes, and the role that people can play in preserving, revitalizing, developing and exploiting natural resources, are the courses of action that are discussed in this paper.
Saeedeh Javanmardi; Alireza Pourkhabbaz; Hamidreza Pourkhabbaz
Volume 18, Issue 70 , August 2009, , Pages 48-53
Abstract
Today, nature reserves are scattered around the world and the process of their establishment has gradually taken place. In most third world countries including Iran, habitat destruction and illegal hunting are among the main problems in the areas under management. Thus, in order to counteract the process ...
Read More
Today, nature reserves are scattered around the world and the process of their establishment has gradually taken place. In most third world countries including Iran, habitat destruction and illegal hunting are among the main problems in the areas under management. Thus, in order to counteract the process of destruction and the expansion of human destructive activities in the protected areas, there is a need for scientific knowledge, expert and capable groups and more research activities in this field, and this need remains in place. National parks, as one of the protected areas, are in fact highly valuable genetic reserves of plant and animal species in each country and in the world, and will be the main backbone for the restoration of nature. To save life on the Planet, resources must be used properly and controlled, and renewable resources must be given the opportunity to form again, so that they can be always used. The Kolahghazi National Park is an example of ecosystems in the Iranian plateau which has a long history of conservation. In this research, the ecosystems, the vegetation cover and wildlife as well biological geography in the park are discussed.
Hossein Sarami; Leila Salaki
Volume 14, Issue 56 , February 2005, , Pages 43-49
Abstract
In this paper, the concept of Thermal Island has been discussed in general. First of all, the definition of the city’s thermal island and its history have been presented using illustrations and diagrams. Next, the climate variables affecting thermal islands have been considered. The purpose of ...
Read More
In this paper, the concept of Thermal Island has been discussed in general. First of all, the definition of the city’s thermal island and its history have been presented using illustrations and diagrams. Next, the climate variables affecting thermal islands have been considered. The purpose of the research is to introduce the city’s thermal island or the point of maximum of heat in the city, which mostly includes the city center. The term “thermal island” refers to the fact that city is warmer than its suburbs and surrounding area, which in some cases can show in a difference in temperature of 5-8 ° C. The research method in the paper is documentary, secondary and with the help of utilization of electronic sources and various websites. In addition, the hypothetical factors that create the cap layer covering the city’s thermal island are mentioned, and the radiation level in the urban area, its comparison with the suburbs and the effects it has on human health and the environment have been studied. Finally, strategies for dealing with Thermal Island through improving public behavior in relation to protecting the environment, developing green space, etc. have been examined and proposed.
Mehrdad Hoseini
Volume 13, Issue 51 , November 2004, , Pages 15-17
Abstract
Climate change in Iran and the world is considered by most scientists to be due to the emergence of “greenhouse” state that will have adverse effects on the Planet from different viewpoints. Due to human interference in climate change, undeniable climate change has been asserted in various ...
Read More
Climate change in Iran and the world is considered by most scientists to be due to the emergence of “greenhouse” state that will have adverse effects on the Planet from different viewpoints. Due to human interference in climate change, undeniable climate change has been asserted in various world reports and the latest statements by the International Community, but scientific doubts also exist on reasoning behind climate change reported by “CHANGEINTERGOVERNMENTALPANELONCLIMATE”. As BRYSON (1977) states, surge from one pattern to another might change the climate of some of the mid-range-latitude areas drastically, and it is very likely to create a “drought-or-flood” pattern. The increase in temperature in some of Iran's meteorological stations indicates a tendency towards arid climate, and probably the period of climate change has begun in the country of Iran. The country, according to the research, has a pattern of a number of years of droughts alternated by a number of rainy years. Environmental problems such as global warming, frequent occurrence of droughts, expansion of deserts and the increasing trend of desertification, increasing number of forbidden areas for the extraction of water and occurrence of destructive floods have caused ecological instability in the country and have increased the vulnerability of the country's natural resources.
