Ebrahim Sharifzadeh Aghdam; Mohammad Ajza Shokouhi
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction
It can be argued that among the socially and culturally relevant variables affecting sustainable security and optimal control of border cities, political variables (formulation of the comprehensive plan and other urban plans), physical variables (distance between border ...
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Extended Abstract
Introduction
It can be argued that among the socially and culturally relevant variables affecting sustainable security and optimal control of border cities, political variables (formulation of the comprehensive plan and other urban plans), physical variables (distance between border cities and central or peripheral areas) and legalvariables (adaptingeconomic policies in accordance with themacroeconomic policies of the country by2025) are the basis for developingmatrix of key properties and scenario planning.In this regard, the importance and necessity of the present study lies in the fact that the future border cities research is a process of systematic and calculated effort and a long-term scientific approach toward good urban governance. It seeks to reach a sufficient understanding of strategic research areas, benefit economy of the country and especially border communities through wise management of space and the introduction of related technologiesand offer desirable scenarios for the development of border cities based on the patterns of democratic and ecosystem management.Accordingly, the present study demonstrates a kind of creativity and innovation in the field of strategic planning based on every aspects of sustainable urban development while emphasizing on the prospective and environmental aspects that are an inseparable part of geography and urban planning studies.
Materials & Methods
The present study seeks to answer the main research question which is, what are the key indicators and factors influencing the development analysis of Piranshahr border town?
In this regard, the present study takes advantage of descriptive-analyticaland documentary investigations of strategic planningalong withrelated questionnaires in the framework of Delphi model and software analysis. Based on a consultation with scholars familiar with the status and conditions of the region within the dialectical framework of urban issues, a statistical population of 50, and 23 variables were identified for the present research. The selected variables were classified in 8 general categorizations as the primary variables of the research.Getting output from the Wizards software based on the scores entered into the matrix, the normalized and the standardized matrices were calculated, and the possible scenarios were categorized based on an analysis of the descriptor compatibility. Then, the goals set for strategic planning of Piranshahr, effective factors in strategy development, a competitive map, level of competitiveness in Tamarchinborderand finally challenges and opportunities of each domain were expressed in the framework of the Meta SWOT Strategic Model.
Results & Discussion
Based on experts’ opinions and software output, it can be argued that among the socially and culturally relevant variables affecting sustainable security and optimal control of border cities, political variables (formulation of comprehensive plans and other urban plans), physical variables (distance between border cities and central or peripheral areas) and legalvariables (adaptingeconomic policies in accordance with themacroeconomic policies of the country by2025) are the basis for developingmatrix of key properties and scenario planning.
Finally, the status of key driving forces in cross-border strategic planning of Tamarchinborderand its effects on the development of Piranshahr city over the coming 15 years are explained in the form of three desirable, intermediate and disaster scenarios. Also based on the obtained results, Sairanband border in Bane had the highest score in enhancing the quality of life in border cities and adopting economic policies in accordance with the country’s macroeconomic policies by2025. Thus, Sairanbandis the most important rival of Tamarchin border.
Conclusion
The present study has proposeda desirable model for the development of Piranshahrborder town using a strategic approach toward the sustainability issue in border cities and taking advantage of indexes such as “cultural, human, political, economic, and physical development” indexes. It alsoapplies the pattern of futures studies used in wizard and strategic scenarios. Thus, factors affecting the level of urban development in Piranshahrwere classified based on 5general classes, sub-variables and a 23×23 matrix. So only by putting the indices in the distribution chart, a very favorable situation of the distribution of boundary related variables can be presented. In the context of the above mentioned results and according to the scenario formulation table, it can be concluded that the results of the present study are to a large extent applicable. Moreover, they can be applied for scenario-building and guide management toward the development of border towns within the framework of structural planning.
Ali Akbar Anabestani; Hedayatollah Noori Zamanabadi; Masoumeh Mollanorozi
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Evaluating the ecological capability is so important that if the selected land lacks the appropriate ecological potential for the implementation of a specific land use, implementing the plan (even if there is a socio-economic need for that specific land use) not only ...
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Extended Abstract
Introduction
Evaluating the ecological capability is so important that if the selected land lacks the appropriate ecological potential for the implementation of a specific land use, implementing the plan (even if there is a socio-economic need for that specific land use) not only does not improve the environmental status of the region, but also causes more environmental damages. As an economic activity that somehowsells the natural and cultural heritage of different regions, and depends on the natural environment and its exploitation, tourism is one of the most important environmental potentials. Therefore, tourism is considered to be a path to sustainable development, which through its multidimensional nature not only meets the needs of tourists, but also creates major changes in the systemof the host society. Consequently, in order to achieve sustainability, tourismshould be planned in a way that it does not negatively affect the environment, economy and culture of the host societyand meets the needs of the current generation without overusing what also belongs to the next generations.
Materials & Methods
The present studywas applied in nature and took advantage of a descriptive-analytical method to study the parameters in two main sub-sections.The first part included a library research performed with the aim of investigating related theoretical literature and the research background.The second part included some interviews and a field research performed for data collection. To evaluate the regional environmental capability and overlayingmaps in ArcGIS environment, Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) methodand Fuzzy operatorswere used. First, the final map of ecological capability for the development of sustainable rural tourism was analyzed and evaluated using WLC method based on highly appropriate, appropriate, limited appropriateness, inappropriate, and highly inappropriate classes. Then, fuzzy maps were produced with a gamma value of 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 to obtain the tourism capacity of the region. And finally, the Kappa coefficient was used to compare the accuracy of classifications obtained from the WLC and fuzzy methods.
Results & Discussion
Findings indicate that with a weight of 0.33,tourism resources are the most important factor or capability in the development of sustainable rural tourism in Neyshabur County. The topography, with a weight of 0.192 is considered to be the second most important factor according to the experts and specialists. The third most important factor is the land cover with a weight of 0.138 and then, climate criteria with a weight of 0.117, hazards with a weight of 0.088, socioeconomic factors with a weight of 0.084 and water resources with a weight of 0.051 had the highest scores. Finally, the scores were applied to the GIS environmentusing the WLC method, and the final map of land capability for sustainable rural tourism in Neyshabur County was obtained.
Also, the statistical information obtained from the final map of land capability shows that 27.27% of the area is located in the very appropriate class, and31.76%is located in the appropriate class, while 22.23% and 4.28% of the region belongs to the highly inappropriate and inappropriate classes respectively.In the next step, tourism capacity maps of the region were prepared using a Fuzzy model with 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9 operators. The study area was divided into five categories: very high, high, medium, low and very low in terms of tourism capability.
The last and the most important step was to find the most accuratemap from those produced using AHP and fuzzy methods with different gamma values of 0.7, 0.8 and 0.9. To reach this aim, field observations and interviews with experts and specialists ofthe field were performed. Therefore, results obtained from the maps were compared with the experts’ opinions. Findings indicates that the operator with a gamma value of0.7 and a kappa coefficient of 0.84 is considered to bemore reliable than the operators with a gamma value of0.8, and 0.9 and AHP model. Thus, the 0.7 gamma operator is considered to bethe most suitable model for environmental capabilityassessmentin the region regarding tourism.
Conclusion
Using natural capabilities and potentials is the most cost-effective and lucrative way to achieve sustainable development. Findings of the present studyindicated that the operator with a gamma value of 0.7 and a Kappa coefficient of 0.84 is considered to be the most suitable model for the assessmentof the region’senvironmental capability for the development of sustainable rural tourism and it is more reliable and appropriate than the AHP model and operators with a gamma value of 0.9 and 0.8.Finally, considering the capabilities and potentials of the Neyshabur County for the development of sustainable rural tourism, it is recommended to consider development of tourism in this county as the priority of rural development plans and to use the natural resources of the area especially in the appropriate and highly appropriate classesas a way to achieve sustainable tourism development of the county in the most cost-effective way. It is also suggested that with appropriate management, planning and using the ideas of academic researchers to improve the capabilities of theaverage class, we can make the most out of the potentials of this area to develop sustainable regional tourism.
Shirin Mohammahkhan; Hamid Ganjaeian; Somaieh Shahri; Amirali Abbaszade
Abstract
Extended Abstract Introduction Cities have always been under the influence of various factors and developed under such conditions. Countries around the world are increasingly moving toward urbanization. Physical development of cities occurs in the form of human activities or changes in urban (or rural) ...
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Extended Abstract Introduction Cities have always been under the influence of various factors and developed under such conditions. Countries around the world are increasingly moving toward urbanization. Physical development of cities occurs in the form of human activities or changes in urban (or rural) land use, and lead to widespread use of lands and adverse environmental effects. In some cases, urban growth leads to environmental hazards and threats human societies. Although the effects of natural factors such as geomorphological phenomena have not been scientifically considered in the development of the study area, there factors had a leading role in this development. Due to geomorphological situation, elevations and steep areas, scattered fault lines and rivers full of water, development of human settlements in the study area faces many constraints. Therefore, it is necessary to plan urban development in the study area based on the geomorphological situation of the region. Accordingly, the present study seeks to evaluate the trend of changes occurred from 1992 to 2017 in the residential districts of Marivan. It also aims to determine the extent of urban growth towards areas facing geomorphological hazards, and finally to predict this trend for 2035. Materials and Methods The present study takes advantage of an analytical and statistical research method, along with the necessary software. Moreover, it seeks to study the trend of urban development from 1992 to 2017, and also predict the future trend of development for 2035. Thus, satellite images received in June 1992, 2001, 2011, and 2017 are collected. After preprocessing the images, a land use map is extracted based on the situation of the study area in 1992, 2001. 2011 and 2017. Then, based on these maps and using effective variables, a map is produced based on the predictions made for the residential areas in 2035 by LCM model. Modeling and prediction are performed using LCM model in four steps: 1. Examination of Land Use Changes; 2. Mapping Potential Transfer using Markov Chain. 3. Extracting a predictive map. 4. Evaluating the accuracy of prediction. After predicting and extracting a map of residential areas for each time period, distribution of geomorphologic hazards in these areas is evaluated. In fact, development trend of high risk residential areas has been evaluated. Discussion and Results A large part of the study area is mountainous, and these elevations have somehow limited the development of human settlements. Since the present study seeks to determine the trend of human settlements development in areas facing geomorphological hazards, a map has been extracted for these prohibited areas before evaluating the trend of development. These prohibited areas have been mapped in order to identify hazardous areas, and to evaluate development of residential settlements toward these areas. To prepare this map, multiple criteria have been selected based on the situation in the region and experts’ opinion. Then in accordance with the purpose of this research, an information layer was produced using these criteria. Regarding geomorphology, regions with an altitude of more than 1700 m, slopes of more than 30%, north-south direction of the slope, area within 1000 m radii around fault lines and within 200 m radii around rivers are referred to as prohibited areas. After determining prohibited areas, human settlements in the study area were mapped based on 1992, 2001, 2011, and 2017 information. Then, trend of settlement development in prohibited areas was estimated and projected for 2035. Conclusion Based on the evaluation of results, there is an increasing demographic trend from 1992 to 2017, so that residential area has increased from 7.8 km in 1992 to 10.9 km in 2017. Maximum development occurred from 2001 to 2011. During this period, settlements developed 3.6 km2 and reached around 14.5 km2 in 2011. From 2011 to 2017, settlements area reached 16.6 km2. Apart from the increasing trend of development in residential areas during these years, this development has mostly occurred toward hazardous areas. So that in 1992, around 1.7 km2 of total residential area was located in prohibited areas, most of which included steeped areas and rivers’ border lines. In 2001 and 2011, this trend has increased from 2.3 to 2.9 km2, and reached 3.3 km2 in 2017. Considering the increasing trend of population toward Marivan, increased constructions in peri-urban and rural areas of Marivan and also along the main road of this city, development of settlements toward prohibited areas has mostly occurred in these areas. According to the main purpose of the present research, development of residential areas is projected for 2035 based on land use in pre-specified years. Results indicate that total area of settlements will increase to about 24.3 km2 in 2035, about 5.7 km2 of which will be in prohibited areas.
hatem parnian; Karamatollah Ziyari; Mohammad Mirehie; Mahdi modiri
Abstract
Abstract [1] Land preparation of border regions, optimal exploitation of all human and spatial facilities of these areas in order to improve the material and spiritual condition of the society, Following the explanation of the theoretical foundations of the desirable organization of the sustainable spatial ...
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Abstract [1] Land preparation of border regions, optimal exploitation of all human and spatial facilities of these areas in order to improve the material and spiritual condition of the society, Following the explanation of the theoretical foundations of the desirable organization of the sustainable spatial of man, land and human activities in the border regions, are within the framework of the land preparation plan and the realization of development And national security, considering the characteristics of these areas. Indeed, it can be said that planning for the development of deprived and backward regions, especially the border areas, has become a necessity due to their position in the development and security in many countries, including Iran. This research is a descriptive-analytical research in terms of methodology and an applied-developmental one in terms of objectives. Data gathering method is in the form of library and field information, and the tools of interview and questionnaire have been used. The statistical population of this study includes experts in the field of border studies, of which 30 have been selected using purposeful sampling. Then, the analysis of the border inferential concept has been studied from the different points of view and inequalities have been identified by studying the situation of the development of regions. The location of the studied area in border exchanges has also been examined by presenting existing statistics. Then, using the SWOT analytical model, other capabilities and environmental problems of the studied area were investigated using a preparatory approach for development planning. The results indicate that the border regions are in a deprived condition in terms of enjoyment and the capacities of these regions have not been exploited properly too. An appropriate strategic plan can be taken to achieve the development of these regions. [1] - به دلیل کیفیت نامناسب ترجمه (چکیده مبسوط انگلیسیِ دریافتی) نشریه، به ناچار اقدام به ترجمه مجدد متن مختصر چکیده فارسی و انتشار آن به جای چکیده مبسوط انگلیسی نموده است.
Saeid Maleki; Reza Ahmadi; Sajad Monfared; Mohammad Matougi
Abstract
Many developing countries are over-concentrated in a few urban areas. Such a situation leads to many problems. In this countries, the quality of people's is experiencing huge regional inequalities which are increasing rapidly in many cases. Environmental problems are one of the most fundamental issues ...
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Many developing countries are over-concentrated in a few urban areas. Such a situation leads to many problems. In this countries, the quality of people's is experiencing huge regional inequalities which are increasing rapidly in many cases. Environmental problems are one of the most fundamental issues in modern cities and are the result of conflict and confrontation with the natural environment. The result of this process will be the imbalance and incompatibility between man and nature and the collapse of the ecosystem relationship. The purpose of this research is to identify the variables of sustainable environmental development and assessment of sustainability in the cities of Khuzestan province. This is an applied and descriptive- analytical method research. The results of the research show that the cities of Izeh, Dezful, Andimeshk,Lali and MasjedSoleiman are at a higher level than other cities in terms of environmental development in khuzestan province. Also, the results of statistical tests indicate the superiority of the North of province to its south in terms of environmental development. However, there is no sensible difference between the east and west of the province despite the relative superiority of the east of the province to the west. The results of the Pearson correlation coefficient show that there is no meaningfulcorrelation between environmental development and population size of the cities and their Urbanization rate. This means that, there is no meaningful relationship between population size and urbanization rate with environmental development.
Ezzatollah Ghasemifar; Siamak Taghizadeh
Volume 22, SEPEHR , July 2013, , Pages 74-82
Abstract
Borderline areas are very important and influential in the development of country and underdevelopment in these areas will be directly transferred to the whole country. Sistan-va Balushectan is a borderline area in Iran which lack an appropriate developmental status. In sum, major challenges facing Sistan-va ...
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Borderline areas are very important and influential in the development of country and underdevelopment in these areas will be directly transferred to the whole country. Sistan-va Balushectan is a borderline area in Iran which lack an appropriate developmental status. In sum, major challenges facing Sistan-va Baluchestan includes:
Geographical broadness with limited population (178431 km2 with a population of 1722579-Statistical center of Iran: 2006), long and insecure borders, natural obstacles like deserts, lack of natural blessings, geographic isolation, geomorphological factors, climatic situation and lack of oil and gas resources, settlement of Baluch tribes in both sides of the border, vicinity to Pakistan and Afghanistan, instability and weakness in providing complete political, administrational and economic sustainability which have resulted in lack of control on borderlines, political flow of Afghan refugees, vicinity to the largest drug producer and smuggler entering Iran through Sistan va Baluchestan borders, economic, cultural and social inequalities in this area as compared to central areas, poverty and deprivation which have resulted in a tendency toward smuggling. These challenges have resulted in numerous and various problems and issues which can threaten local, regional and even national development. If the present situation continuous, more severe difficulties can arouse. Therefore, the present article seeks to understand geopolitical features as an effective factor in underdevelopment of Sistan-va Baluchestan to gain a research-based perspective and create the foundations of sustainable development in the area.
Ghaffar Fallahtabar
Volume 21, Issue 83 , November 2012, , Pages 108-112
Abstract
Researches indicate that around one third of lands are located in arid areas and Islamic republic of Iran is also located in arid and semi-arid area of the world. Apart from aridity, a significant part of the country, i.e. around 25 million hectares are wastelands. But beyond this most permanent, seasonal ...
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Researches indicate that around one third of lands are located in arid areas and Islamic republic of Iran is also located in arid and semi-arid area of the world. Apart from aridity, a significant part of the country, i.e. around 25 million hectares are wastelands. But beyond this most permanent, seasonal and temporal rivers and many important inland lakes have saltwater which worsen this sad situation. On the other hand, more water is extracted from groundwater sources to satisfy ever increasing demands. For example, 79837 million m3 water was extracted from ground water resources in 2002-2003 water year which compared to 2001-2002 water year has increased up to 2.5 percent. Inappropriate and wasteful use of groundwater also results in salinization of freshwater resources.
Southern provinces and cities bordering the desert have lots of saltwater. Water shortage and water saltiness along with salt salinization have even reached agricultural villages and lands are no longer profitable. Most aqueduct, especially those in southern parts of the country and those bordering the desert have dried. There were around 40000 aqueduct which reached 26307 in 2004. Many lands are now barren and desolate. Irregular and unplanned extraction of water from aqueducts, springs and freshwater resources by deep and semi-deep wells have decreased freshwater resources to a great degree and have gradually increased saltwater, water shortage crisis and drought crisis. This crisis is an alarm indicating a massive crisis of water shortage. Planners and authorities should see this crisis as an important religious and divine responsibility and try to find a compassionate and responsible solution. Before it is too late, they should manage and protect water resources, try to preserve rural agriculture and avoid wasting water and polluting its resources, which are shortly discussed in the present article.
Mojtabaa Ghadiri Ma'soum; Soheila Irandoost Khanghah
Volume 21, Issue 82 , September 2012, , Pages 36-43
Abstract
Rural environments are a part of human society. Sustainable and integrated national development depends on sustainable development in regional, urban and rural level. In this regard, the second, third and fourth economic, social and cultural development plan introduces rural construction as one of its ...
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Rural environments are a part of human society. Sustainable and integrated national development depends on sustainable development in regional, urban and rural level. In this regard, the second, third and fourth economic, social and cultural development plan introduces rural construction as one of its goals and considers issuing residential ownership document as an executive solution. Since ground is the main context of material wealth and treasures. Moreover, it is economically valuable and has different applications in satisfying needs of human society (like construction). Accordingly, rural houses and buildings are among capital interests of rural societies and their owners need to feel secure in regard to their possessions. On the other hand, the need for ground-related information as a basis for development and control of ground resources results in the priority of document issuance for each building.The present article investigates the historical trend of issuing documents and especially developmental programs in Iran after the revolution.
Ali Hassanvandi
Volume 21, Issue 82 , September 2012, , Pages 89-91
Abstract
Currently, there is an increased global interest in influences and consequences of some agricultural activities performed to improve the production level, like increasing amount of inputs such as chemical fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, etc. on the environment and society. Furthermore, wastewater ...
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Currently, there is an increased global interest in influences and consequences of some agricultural activities performed to improve the production level, like increasing amount of inputs such as chemical fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides, etc. on the environment and society. Furthermore, wastewater produced by washing stockyards and chicken farms create a large and widespread area covered by different kinds of pollutions.
It has been estimated that less than 1 percent of poison used in America is practically used for pests and the other 99 percent are wasted and released in the environment. 20 years ago every extra ton of fertilizer would add 15 to 20 tons to the global crop production, but today the same amount of extra fertilizer increase the production by only 5 to 10 tons (Hosseini, Shariati, Jihad Sh 258). Environmental factor is one of the factors that should be considered in rural development, as preserving the environment and its values in the face of various pollutions and destructions is very important. In performing rural development plan, soil and water degradation must be avoided with all means.
The present article studies and investigates environmental issues like soil erosion, forest degradation, chemical poisons and fertilizers, etc. in rural development. Afterwards, the importance and necessity of biological issues in rural development, case study and finally the consequences are analyzed.
Esma'il Salehi; Saeed Negahban; Zohreh Ja'farian Dehkordi
Volume 19, Issue 76 , February 2011, , Pages 29-33
Abstract
Cities are open systems that have always been the origin of change and are themselves changing and evolving, and given the growing population of cities in today's world, the physical space of the city has also expanded and occupied the surrounding land. The physical growth of cities has absorbed and ...
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Cities are open systems that have always been the origin of change and are themselves changing and evolving, and given the growing population of cities in today's world, the physical space of the city has also expanded and occupied the surrounding land. The physical growth of cities has absorbed and destroyed high-quality land. Human societies have been established in the early stages of formation with the aim of using high quality soils for agriculture, alongside or among high quality agricultural land. Over time, along with the expansion of the villages and their conversion into cities, and then the development of cities, high-quality agricultural lands have been added to the urban area and agricultural activities are retreating to poor lands. This article tries to understand the environmental impacts of urban development using a method based on secondary sources, and the results show that this issue is taking place continuously in parts of the suburbs of any city with potential of development and expansion. This physical growth of cities causes the destruction of the environmental balance between the city and its surroundings, which not only reduces the quantity and quality of resources and living conditions, but also causes major complications such as air and water pollution, noise pollution, and In general, the destruction of the environment.
Jamal Mohammadi; Mostafa Mohammadi Deh Cheshmeh
Volume 19, Issue 76 , February 2011, , Pages 48-54
Abstract
The quality of development and its infrastructures has created major issues in the development process of the country's regions due to unfavorable and centralized planning in the past. Various dimensions and structural complexity of this issue are among the major setbacks in providing the appropriate ...
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The quality of development and its infrastructures has created major issues in the development process of the country's regions due to unfavorable and centralized planning in the past. Various dimensions and structural complexity of this issue are among the major setbacks in providing the appropriate model for distribution of credits. In order to solve the problems caused by regional imbalances, the first step is to identify and classify the development of areas in terms of economy, infrastructure and communication, sociocultural conditions, health care, education, ... . The purpose of this research is to measure the level of possible development of human settlements in Shahrekord city, and the studied areas are rural districts of this city. The methodology used in this study is utilization of correlation, secondary and analytical models. Based on this, 37 indicators were evaluated in the form of seven general indicators (education, health, public facilities, communication, tourism, economic and internal) among 11 villages, and their results have been analyzed using CA and GM models. The research findings show that the distribution of developmental levels among rural districts of Shahrekord is unbalanced and the differences and dispersion of educational and health indices have the most effect on this imbalance.
