Seyed Ali Ebadinejad; Mohammad Reza Pourgholami-Sarvandani; Ali Asghar Mohammadpour; Ali Osanlu
Abstract
Extended Abstract Introduction Along with other environmental factors, climatic conditions are among the most important factors affecting social, moral and cultural problems. People behave differently in different climates. Quetelet and Gurreydeveloped crime statistics in Franceandinvestigatedits relationship ...
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Extended Abstract Introduction Along with other environmental factors, climatic conditions are among the most important factors affecting social, moral and cultural problems. People behave differently in different climates. Quetelet and Gurreydeveloped crime statistics in Franceandinvestigatedits relationship with physical environment.Thus, they studied the effects of geography and climatic conditions on human behavior, including criminal behavior. In Climate and Crime, Ellen J. Cohen argues that situational approaches, selected rationaltheories and routine activity theory all suggest that climate has a major impact on the rate of crimes and criminal behaviors. Based on their observations, Quetelet and Gurreyformulatedthethermic law of delinquencyin criminology. Based on statistical studies, they concluded that violent crimes are more frequent in hot seasons and hot regions, while in cold regions and cold seasons, more deceptive crimes such as crimes against property requiring thinking and imaginationoccurmore often. It should be noted that crime is a social phenomenon affected by various factors. Environmental conditions can also intensify the threat of human behaviors. The present study seeks to investigate the relationship between the climatic element of temperature and the occurrence of crime in Shiraz, Abadeh and Larestancounties of Fars province? Materials & Methods The present study is applied in nature and purpose, while taking advantage of an analytical-descriptive method. 3 meteorological stations of Shiraz, Abadeh and Larestan were studied here. Investigated data included the seasonal average temperature and seasonal rate of crimes for the2008-2013 period. Seasonal rate of crimes including social corruption, theft, forgery, strife, mischief, intimidation and coercion, smuggling, drug-related crimes, murder, and suspicious death were investigated in Shiraz, Abadeh and Larestan, which have a meteorological station. Crime statistics were collected from the Prevention Police Department of Fars province Law Enforcement Force and statistics related to the climatic elements of temperature were obtained from Fars Meteorological Department. Different descriptive and inferential statistical methods were used to analyze the data and Pearson correlation coefficient test was used in inferential statistics. Data analysis in the present study included two stages. First, the seasonal and annual percentage of various crimes were studied in each of the mentioned cities. In the second stage, the correlation coefficient between the average temperature and the total (seasonal) number of crime occurrence were investigated. Discussion Investigation of various crime occurrence in Shiraz, Abadeh and Larestancounties of Fars province revealed that in spring, strife and affray (47.11), theft (23.16) and social corruption (19.16) were the most frequently committed crimes in Shiraz. However, intimidation and coercion (0.32), smuggling (0.24), forgery (0.20) and murder (0.05) had the lowest frequency in Shiraz during spring. In summer, strife and affray (47.71), theft (24.64) and social corruption (20.95)are considered to be the most frequent crimes, while intimidation and reluctance (0.33), smuggling (0.23), forgery (0.20) and murder (0.03) arethe least frequent crimes, respectively. In autumn, strife and affray (44.36), theft (27.71) and social corruption (18.24) were more common, whileintimidation and coercion (0.33), smuggling (0.27), forgery (0.26) and murder (0.04) had the lowest frequency. In winter, strife and affray (43.92), theft (29.99) and social corruption (16.84) were the most frequently reported crimes,whileintimidation and coercion (0.35), smuggling (1.4), forgery (0.24) and murder (0.02) were the least frequently reported crimes. Findings indicate that during the 2008-2013 period, strife and affray (45.86), theft (28/28) and social corruption (18.84) were the most common crimesin Shiraz city, while smuggling (0.43), intimidation and coercion (0.33), forgery (0.22) and murder (0.03) were the least common crimes. Generally in the three counties, crimes against the person such as strife and affray, murder, mischief, intimidation and coercion were more frequently reported in warm seasons (spring and summer). However, crimes against property, such as theft, were more frequent in cold seasons (autumn and winter). Strife and affray(0.95) in Shiraz have the highest correlation with the seasonal average temperature. There is a negative correlation between the crime of strife and affray and the seasonal average precipitation in Shiraz. The same relationship existsbetweenstrife and affray and the seasonal average relative humidity in Shiraz. In Larestan, drug-related crimes (-0.97) have the highest negative correlation with the seasonal average temperature. In Abadeh city, social corruptions (0.99) have the highest correlation with the seasonal average temperature. Conclusion: In total, crimes against the person, such as strife, murder, mischief, intimidation and coercion were more commonly reported in the warm seasons of the year (spring and summer) in the three counties on the whole and separately. However, crimes against property such as theft had a higher rate of occurrencein the cold seasons (autumn and winter). Therefore, as crimes against the personare more common in warm seasons and crimes against property are more frequent in cold seasons, it can be concluded that QueteletandGurrey’s thermic law of delinquencyis in force in all the three specified counties. However, this law is not generalizable and it cannot be concluded that crimes against property occur more in cold regions and crimes against the person occurs more in warm regions of Fars province. In this respect, this law only applies to Larestan which is located in the warm region of the province.
Ali Asghar Abdollahi
Abstract
Extended Abstract Introduction Most of the energy consumed in the world comes from fossil fuels. Combustion of fossil fuels enters a huge amount of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Continuous increases in greenhouse gas emissions and rising fuel prices ...
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Extended Abstract Introduction Most of the energy consumed in the world comes from fossil fuels. Combustion of fossil fuels enters a huge amount of sulfur and nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Continuous increases in greenhouse gas emissions and rising fuel prices are key drivers behind more effective efforts to use renewable energy sources. Renewable energies include diverse sources of natural and accessible energy. Given that these energies are not ideal, their use reduces the consumption of oil products and creates jobs and reduces the amount of environmental pollution. The prospect of using this energy in Iran, as well as other developed countries, has become significant in the way that the government has made the necessary planning in the fifth development plan. Therefore, considering the global policies of developing these energies in our country, in order to solve problems and create employment, will be inevitable. Studies in this regard suggest that the development of the use of new energy can play a significant role in increasing the security of the country's energy system. Due to low latitudes, Iran has more capability to receive this energy. To exploit this energy, there is a need to build solar power plants. Solar panels used in solar power plants are converters of solar radiation into electrical energy. One of the most important issues in using solar energy is determining where to use it, which has a great impact on the efficiency of solar power equipment. Therefore, taking advantage of the potential of the climate can have a positive effect on the conservation of energy resources. In this regard, it is important to identify appropriate and prone areas where solar energy is sufficient and able to replace current energies. Materials & Methods The required data in this study was collected from the ‘Iran’s Meteorological Organization’ for 30 years and was entered into the Excel environment and analyzed. In the Arc GIS software environment, the locations of the stations, according to their geographical coordinates, were added to the digital map of the area and the database was formed. To prepare the map of the climatic parameters, the layer for each parameter was first prepared using the IDW interpolation method in the Geo-statistical Analyst field in the ARCGIS software environment, and then, using the AHP method, an intra-layer weight was defined. By using the ‘Reclassify’ command in the ARCGIS software, each layer was classified into several classes and each class was classified according to its importance and mapped to it. Then, to obtain a final map representing potential regions, the interlayer weight was applied according to the importance and effectiveness of each layer. Then, by overlapping the weighted layers, using the ‘Fuzzy overlay’ command in the ‘Spatial Analyst’ section, a map of all-potential regions that represents the areas with high potential for the construction of the power plant was obtained. Discussion and Results In order to quantitatively evaluate the climate of solar power plants in the study area, the layers obtained from the sunshine, cloudy, dust, relative humidity, altitude and precipitation have been weighted. For this purpose, the weight of the effective indices has been obtained using the AHP model. Then, using the ‘Raster calculator’ command in the ARCGIS software, weighted difference maps were obtained, and finally, using the ‘Fuzzy overlay’ command in the same software, the final map which is a combination of overlapping of the harmonious layers, has been obtained. At last, the final map was made up of a combination of overlapping harmonious layers and the selection of the regions with the highest capacity for the construction of solar power plants. Conclusion The method used in this study is important in determining the effective indices in locating solar stations as overlapping of the harmonious layers. This method is achieved by taking into account the relative importance of all the effective indices in the final layer, which can be more credible than other methods, because this algorithm, using degree weights, gives the power to decision- makers to place more important factors which in his view affect the problem more, in the problem with the same importance and due to this superiority, the results of this method has a better resolution.. Accordingly, the results show that Fars province has a high potential in terms of solar electrical energy which in the study area, the cities of Neyriz, Estahban and Fasa are more indicative in this regard and have higher potential. It can also be concluded that the total relative weight of all indices has a greater effect on locating and cannot be determined only by one or more of the indices.
Maghsud Bayat; Robab Safari
Volume 21, Issue 83 , November 2012, , Pages 77-81
Abstract
Ongoing population increase have resulted in an ever-increasing demand for food and agricultural products, and agricultural products do not satisfy national demands in the current situation. Despite the goal of realizing self-sufficiency, a large proportion of the demands of a population which is increasing ...
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Ongoing population increase have resulted in an ever-increasing demand for food and agricultural products, and agricultural products do not satisfy national demands in the current situation. Despite the goal of realizing self-sufficiency, a large proportion of the demands of a population which is increasing with such a trend will inevitably need to be supplied from foreign countries. However, agricultural products in global market are also limited and supplying national commands have faced some challenges. This situation requires paying more attention to agriculture, taking effective and quick steps toward increasing production and supplying required foodstuffs. The present study seeks to identify spatial inequities and determine the ranking of each cities of Fars province in agricultural section. Descriptive-analytic method inspired by composite statistical model of Human Development Index is used, which determines agricultural developmental level across the province. SPSS software is used for data analysis. Results indicate that different cities rank differently in indices, which is a result of unbalanced development of these cities in agricultural section and its indices.
Zahra Hejazi Zadeh; Saeed Negahban
Volume 16, Issue 61 , May 2007, , Pages 47-49
Abstract
In this research, we tried to identify the relationship between population areas of Fars province and climatic conditions of different regions of the province. Therefore, at first, different air masses affecting the climate of the province were identified. These masses include the northern, western, ...
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In this research, we tried to identify the relationship between population areas of Fars province and climatic conditions of different regions of the province. Therefore, at first, different air masses affecting the climate of the province were identified. These masses include the northern, western, southern (masses) and local winds. Then, after identifying the type of climate in different regions and analyzing the population dispersion statistics, the relationship between population dispersion and climate conditions was identified. Finally, it was determined that the central regions of Fars province had greater population densities than other areas of the province due to suitable climatic conditions (rainfall, temperature, etc.).
Faramarz Khosh Akhlagh; Gholamreza Roshan
Volume 15, Issue 57 , May 2006, , Pages 42-46
Abstract
In this paper, drought in three stations in Fars province has been investigated based on the three indicators of SIAP, PNPI and RAI. After calculating the coefficients of drought indices for the three stations, considering the growth rate of the indices, the coefficient of variation, correlation and ...
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In this paper, drought in three stations in Fars province has been investigated based on the three indicators of SIAP, PNPI and RAI. After calculating the coefficients of drought indices for the three stations, considering the growth rate of the indices, the coefficient of variation, correlation and trend rate of the indices, each of the indices has been compared among the stations, and each of the indices is evaluated at the stations. The results of the growth rate showed that there is a close relationship between the growth rate of the SIAP and the PNPI indices in Shiraz station and between the PNPI and RAI indices in Abadeh station. Regarding the dispersion coefficient, it can be stated that the least dispersion is in the RAI index in the Abadeh station. But the lowest dispersion in the SIAP and PNPI indicators are in Shiraz Station. Regarding the coefficient of correlation among the indicators and the statistical period, the situation is the same, so that the highest correlation is between the RAI index and the years in question at Abadeh station. However, the highest correlation exists between SIAP and PNPI indices with the years of statistical period in Shiraz station. Finally, the results of the general trend of the indices in the three stations are relatively the same.
