Ilia Laaliniyat; Mousa Kamanroudi Koujori; Tajeddin Karami
Abstract
Extended AbstractIntroductionThe third millennium has been called the age of urbanization and the urban population is expected to reach about 6.25 billion by 2050. The United Nations also estimates that the urban population of developing regions will grow at an average annual rate of about 2.02 percent, ...
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Extended AbstractIntroductionThe third millennium has been called the age of urbanization and the urban population is expected to reach about 6.25 billion by 2050. The United Nations also estimates that the urban population of developing regions will grow at an average annual rate of about 2.02 percent, from 2.67 billion in 2011 to 3.92 billion in 2030. Indeed, the urbanization process is a phenomenon that has become increasingly concentrated in developing countries in recent decades. Although the pace of change varies considerably between countries and regions, in fact all developing countries are becoming increasingly urbanized. The increase in urbanization has caused many problems in urban areas. This has led to the fact that today land use management of urban infrastructure has become the main challenge of many planners and city managers. Accordingly, this study seeks to investigate the scattering around the Tehran-Eyvanekey communication axis, so Pakdasht cities with about 210 thousand people , Sharifabad with about 12,000 people and Eyvanekey with about 12,000 people, make it one of the busiest axes in the metropolitan area of Tehran. Research MethodsThe main purpose of this study is to analyze the process of space expansion and modeling in the axis of Tehran Eyvanekey between 1985 and 2020 using remote sensing data and GIS. To have a comprehensive study of spatial organization of this metropolis, a deductive or inductive approach with a practical nature has been used. The basis of the study is based on using the satellite data and images (Landsat multi-time images) related to different years. Using IDRISI, GIS and GOOGLE EARTH softwares and Fuzzy Artmap LCM, MARKOV and CA models. Discussion resultsIn this study, in order to evaluate the pattern of expansion of built areas in the corridor of Tehran to Eyvanekey, TM and ETM + images of Landsat satellite related to the years 1985, 2000, 2011, and 2020 have been used. Based on this, the amount of land use changes in the four periods is as follows: The most expansion of practical surfaces in the axis of Tehran-Eyvanekey with an area of 223250 hectares, dedicated to built areas with an increase of 30,495 hectares over the last 35 years. After identifying the urban expansion pattern of Tehran-Eyvanekey corridor, in the next stage, in order to simulate how land use changes in the axis of Tehran-Eyvanekey for the year 2031, the method of automatic cells and chains has been used. For this purpose, to simulate land use changes in the axis of Tehran Eyvanekey in 2031, land use maps in 1985 and 2020 were used. The results show that according to the trend of urban growth in the region in 2031, the land area will reach more than 50,000 hectares. Also, according to the growth rate of urban areas in this region, it can be seen that during different periods, we see a kind of exponential growth in the study area, so that for the period 1985 to 2000, about 240 hectares per year have been built. This trend of growth has expanded and in the next period, ie 2000 to 2011, this number has reached about 580 hectares, and finally in the last period, ie 2011 to 2020, we have witnessed the expansion of about 2251 hectares per year in the built lands, which can be signs of accelerative urbanization. Therefore, the strategy of increasing physical density and using related methods to guide the development of the city towards greater sustainability, should be on the agenda of planners and those in charge of urban affairs. ConclusionModeling land use changes is an effective way to obtain information about how land use changes over time as well as the factors affect it. So, in order to analyze the process of space expansion and modeling in the axis of Tehran-Eyvanekey, it was modeled over a period of 35 years. The results showed that most of the land use changes during this period are related to the built lands, which due to the location of the built areas along the main arteries has a northwest-southeast pattern that is affected by urban growth in the metropolis of Tehran. As a result, they live in these areas, which are either engaged in the urban industries of these areas or use the satellite cities in this corridor as dormitory cities. Interestingly, as we move away from the main center, the metropolis of Tehran, the rate of urban land expansion decreases, which indicates that due to the low cost of housing in satellite cities, this area is a dormitory for the metropolis of Tehran.
Hamidreza Dastranj; Farrokh Tavakoli; Ali Soltanpour
Abstract
Extended abstract
Introduction
We live in a world where water has always been considered as one of the major issues. Currently, many people in developing countries are deprived of sufficient water to meet their basic needs. Lake Urmia is located between the longitudes45 to 46 ° East and latitudes ...
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Extended abstract
Introduction
We live in a world where water has always been considered as one of the major issues. Currently, many people in developing countries are deprived of sufficient water to meet their basic needs. Lake Urmia is located between the longitudes45 to 46 ° East and latitudes 37 ° to 38.5 North. The lake is located in Zone 38 of theUniversal Transverse Mercator System (UTM). Lake Urmia is the largest inland lake in Iran and the second largest saltwater lake in the world. The desiccation or drying upcrisis of Lake Urmia with an area of about half a million hectares consideringits consequences has led to actions and plans by organizations, agencies and even people which still continues and has become a national issue. Investigating the changes in the water level and the volume of lakes in order to protect them, has acquired a special place among the countries both in national and regional levels during the recent years.Generally, there are two methods forthe collection of information from the objects and phenomena on the surface of the earth:one island methods (land access) and the other is remote sensing methods.
Materials & Methods
In this regard,due to the importance of the issue, exploitation of satellite images and satellite altimetry observationsto study the water level and volume variations of Lake Urmia is the reason for the present research.In this research, Landsat satellite imagery in a 40 year period from 1976 to 2016 was used. Lake Urmia is located in 2 frames in some of these images and in 3 frames in some, and using them, the coastline map and the area of the Lake and its changes were obtained. To do this, ENVI software was used to perform the processing steps required to extract thecoastline changes, and ArcGIS software to perform cartography for the obtained outputs.After selecting the appropriate technique for implementation in order to analyze the extraction of the coastline changes, the steps can be expressed as the following:Selecting educational samples on the images, applying neural network classification method, evaluatingclassification accuracy, extracting coastline changes.
Results & Discussion
After the classification is donewith the desired algorithm and the classification accuracy is verified, thedata output is divided into two main water and non-water applications. And then, as the boundary between the land and water is determined, the coastline can be extracted.In this research, three indexes of error matrix, overall classification accuracy and Kappa coefficient were used to assess the accuracy of the classification.It should be noted that in the selection of the water areas, three deep, medium depth and shallow water sections were taken into consideration and the choice of these areas in the infrared band which is particularly for the distinction between water and non-water was used.And finally, the accuracy of the classificationswas evaluated. Also, using Envisat and Saral altimeter satellite data,both of which have two passes over Lake Urmia, we obtained the water level of the lake in 2002-2015. For this purpose, we first processed the data,using the BRAT software, and obtained the balance level by applying the corrections related to the measurements of the satellite range and elevation in the MATLAB software. Now, using the amount of the lake surface area and its level in different years, we obtained calculated the volume changes and finally, the obtained resultswere compared with the results drawn from the land data which corresponded to the answers. In this research, the information of the area including runoffs flowing into Lake Urmia, we have also studied runoff flowing into the Lake Urmia region, surface and groundwaterwithdrawal, climate changes, changes in groundwater levels, investigation the volume changes in groundwater aquifersand...were studied as well.
Conclusion
The results indicate that the area of Lake Urmiahas decreased from 5366 square kilometers in 1976 to 633 square kilometers in 2015, about one-eighth, and then with an increase has reached to 2383 square kilometersin 2016. The level of the lake water has decreased by 4 meters from 2002 to 2015 and has increased by 0.5 meters in 2016. The volume of water in Lake Urmia has decreased by 9.7 billion cubic meters from 2002 to 2015 and 1.2 billion cubic meters were added to it in the following year. The results also show that the largest reduction in the volume of the lake water has occurred in 2007-2012. The water inflow into the lake in 2014-15 comparing to 1995-96 has beenapproximately one fifth and has decreased to 700million cubic meters from 3,500 million cubic meters,And in fact the inflow water has decreased 2800 million cubic meters while, the groundwater withdrawal has increased by 360 million cubic meters in this period, which indicates an imbalance in the amount of inflow water and groundwater withdrawal. According to the results obtained, the main reason for reduction of the lake water is the withdrawal of surface and ground water. Therefore, avoiding uncontrolled water withdrawal, shutting down the unauthorized wells, opening the floodgates of dams as needed, to avoid the construction of other dams in the basin of the LakeUrmia, dredging of the rivers leading to the lake, as well as the reforming the agricultural methods and types of products are essential.
Saeed Amanpour; Mohammad Javad Kamelifar; Hojjat Bahmani
Abstract
Abstract[1]
One of the main challenges in the urban development process in developing countries is their accelerated growth, which, if this growth issporadic and unplanned,it will pose a lot of problems to the urban management process and planning.The city of Ahwaz is one of the cities in our country ...
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Abstract[1]
One of the main challenges in the urban development process in developing countries is their accelerated growth, which, if this growth issporadic and unplanned,it will pose a lot of problems to the urban management process and planning.The city of Ahwaz is one of the cities in our country that has witnessed arapid and scattered growth in urban land development in recent years. According to the status map of the urban land development, this trend has been intensifying year by year and has led to challenges in providing services and infrastructural resources in the city. In this regard, due to the necessity of the issue, in the present study, we tried to use a descriptive-analytical method to evaluate land use changes in the metropolis of Ahwaz between 1989 and 2013. Data collection in descriptive section was done through the study of library documents, and in the analytical part of the research, by extraction of satellite images TM (Thematic Mapper) for the years of 1985 and 2013 from Ahwaz city. Envi 4.8 and Arc GIS 10.2 software have been used to perform statistical and visual analyzes on satellite imagery. The results show that during the years 1989 to 2013 about 23 percent of the share of barren and agricultural lands have decreased and on the other side the share of built-up lands has increasedfrom 16.35 to 34.55, most of which are related to the Southern and Eastern parts of Ahwaz (Parts of areas 4, 5 and 6 of the municipality).
[1] - به دلیل کیفیت نامناسب متن چکیده مبسوط انگلیسیِ ارائه شده توسط نویسنده مسئول مقاله، نشریه به ناچار اقدام به ترجمه مجدد متن چکیده فارسی و انتشار آن به جای چکیده مبسوط انگلیسی نموده است.
Ahmad Taghdisi; Seddigheh Kiani; Farnaz Abolhasani; Zahra Soltani
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, , Pages 26-32
Abstract
Given the resource limitations and the upward trend of development, if this movement is not accompanied by proper management and planning, it can create problems. Because any development requires the exploitation and use of natural resources. Therefore, it can have direct or indirect effects on nature. ...
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Given the resource limitations and the upward trend of development, if this movement is not accompanied by proper management and planning, it can create problems. Because any development requires the exploitation and use of natural resources. Therefore, it can have direct or indirect effects on nature. Optimal use of soil and water resources and ways to predict and reduce their problems have always been the objectives of correct and principled agricultural development in order to obtain the highest returns from the minimum resources. Water use optimum management has been the subject of much discussion in many expert circles in the past few decades, in all of which, emphasis has been placed on monitoring and evaluation as the keys to success. Many irrigation and drainage networks operate on the basis of supply and demand management and usually deliver water regardless of the actual water requirement. In irrigation and drainage networks, due to the scattering of farms, the size of the land, the variety of cultivation and the distance between the place of extraction and the point of delivery, management of utility and maintenance is not possible without taking the interactions of the above factors into account. Moreover, in irrigation networks, descriptive data is produced daily on a massive scale that requires organizing, analyzing and deciding, which are very difficult with traditional methods and requires the use of the new systems such as GIS and remote sensing. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the geographic information system and remote sensing and their application in irrigation and drainage networks management.
Saeed Khodaeian; Parviz Ziaeian; Saeedeh Fakhari
Volume 19, Issue 74 , August 2010, , Pages 81-85
Abstract
One of the most important climatic parts of the heritage of the fourth era in the highlands of Iran is the glacial geomorphology and the effects of the glaciers of that period. The Damavand glaciers, with more than 15 small and large tabs with signs of life and activity, are the only survivors of those ...
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One of the most important climatic parts of the heritage of the fourth era in the highlands of Iran is the glacial geomorphology and the effects of the glaciers of that period. The Damavand glaciers, with more than 15 small and large tabs with signs of life and activity, are the only survivors of those glaciers. Scattered studies have been conducted on these glaciers in recent centuries by Iranian and foreign scholars. However, a comprehensive report that describe and characterize the geomorphologic and morphodynamic characteristics of the glaciers in this region has not yet been compiled. In this paper, we try to interpret and analyze the shapes of glacier morphology, and to determine the extent and expansion of glaciers using remote sensing technology. The method of research is based on the fieldwork and the use of satellite imagery. The results show that the Damavand ice glacier is undergoing gradual shrinkage and melting under the influence of increasing temperature of the present age, and the existing ice cores are the remains of past glacial periods. The insignificant nutrition of glaciers through avalanches is not enough, but the effects and evidences of life are still evident.
Majid Vali Shari'at Panahi; Seyyed Rahim Moshiri; Alireza Este'laji; Shokrollah Mohammadi; Jamileh Fotouhi
Volume 19, Issue 73 , May 2010, , Pages 48-52
Abstract
The main purpose of this research is the importance of land use changes in Gorgan city using remote sensing data. In fact, remote sensing has vast applications in many fields of science and research. Possibility of regular periodic imaging and uninterrupted transmission of satellite images are two very ...
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The main purpose of this research is the importance of land use changes in Gorgan city using remote sensing data. In fact, remote sensing has vast applications in many fields of science and research. Possibility of regular periodic imaging and uninterrupted transmission of satellite images are two very important factors in the use of satellite data. These advantages will help experts in diverse fields to be able to use satellite imagery and information in studies such as periodic variations in the Earth’s surface, changing features and phenomena and natural disasters. In fact, one of the essential needs of researchers, managers and planners is to have accurate and timely information. Land use maps represent human activities concerning exploitation of land, for example, industrial and residential areas, agricultural fields, and so on.
