Fatemeh Razi'ei (Translator)
Volume 8, Issue 31 , November 2009, , Pages 62-64
Abstract
Geo-informatics is defined as a multi-purpose science dealing with measurement, recording, analysis and presentation of geographical data. Such land information is collected by RS, GIS and GPS. Each one of these three technologies, or each two of them, when combined with the other, create the new 3S ...
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Geo-informatics is defined as a multi-purpose science dealing with measurement, recording, analysis and presentation of geographical data. Such land information is collected by RS, GIS and GPS. Each one of these three technologies, or each two of them, when combined with the other, create the new 3S technology.Remote sensing provides images of environment and natural resources in a multi-spectral manner and with different resolutions in different times. GPS and also INS (Inertial Navigation System) reinforce the applied sensors through ground control points and photogrammetry. GIS deals with data and information taken by the help of modern tools from ground spatial data banks and bases which make decision-making possible.
Fatemeh Razi'ei (Translator)
Volume 8, Issue 29 , May 1999, , Pages 30-41
Abstract
OEEPE has participated in preparation and implementation of tests for comparison of different geocoding methods, ERS-1 SPR data and application of geocoded SAR. ESA has presented data and confirmed the tests. DRL has collected and distributed data.
EFAE presented other data of the second phase of project; ...
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OEEPE has participated in preparation and implementation of tests for comparison of different geocoding methods, ERS-1 SPR data and application of geocoded SAR. ESA has presented data and confirmed the tests. DRL has collected and distributed data.
EFAE presented other data of the second phase of project; these data included: KF-1000 images, Thematic Mapper data and DEM (digital elevation model). The location of the test was in Frankfurt, Germany and the images of four ERS-1s along with two DEMs and ground control information can be presented.
Twenty organizations from European and North American countries expressed interest in testing data. These data were sent to fourteen different organizations. Reports by A number of these organizations were presented at the fourth Geo SAR station.
These reports clarify the aims of the test and describe presented data. The methods and results are summarized and participants and supplementary articles examine the case thoroughly. It was concluded from the test that Geocoding can provide high precision in comparison with maps in cases where the volume of information related to surveying is limited.
Fatemeh Razi'ee
Volume 7, Issue 27 , November 1998, , Pages 24-26
Abstract
Raster-based processing seems to be a powerful tool for land use planners. Collection of information, processing and visualization are much easier in this system in comparison with other vector systems. All visual maps, plans and drawings can be precisely scanned and shaped into desirable forms. Grid-based ...
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Raster-based processing seems to be a powerful tool for land use planners. Collection of information, processing and visualization are much easier in this system in comparison with other vector systems. All visual maps, plans and drawings can be precisely scanned and shaped into desirable forms. Grid-based modules of GIS software packages include commands by which the user is able to perform various examinations according to needs. The only problem is that the user must be familiar with GIS software modules in order to be able to use this system. Users’ possibilities are also developing. Therefore, the Grid-based analysis is great news for planners who have been waiting for more than twenty years for computer tools to help advance their tasks.
This paper includes a method based on grid for expansion of computer applications in land use planning. In this paper, we divide the planning process to a number of stages and present suggestions for utilization of digital information at each stage.
In addition to theoretical examples, one case is described in detail. This project is an analysis of land use implemented by a group of students of the Helsinki University of Technology.
Fatemeh Razi'ee
Volume 7, Issue 25 , May 1998, , Pages 61-64
Abstract
In January 17, 1995, five hours after occurrence of the greatest earthquake that crushed the city of Kobe (a coastal city of Japan), photographic airplanes flew over the damaged areas. They took about two thousand aerial photos from an area of about five thousand square kilometers including Kobe, Awaji ...
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In January 17, 1995, five hours after occurrence of the greatest earthquake that crushed the city of Kobe (a coastal city of Japan), photographic airplanes flew over the damaged areas. They took about two thousand aerial photos from an area of about five thousand square kilometers including Kobe, Awaji and Osaka.At the same time (right after occurrence of earthquake in Kobe), a group was formed and led by Dr. Okamoto in earthquake research committee of the Geotechnical Association of Japan which started supervision and direction of identification and obtainment of data from the region using photos prepared by photographic airplanes from the area before and after the earthquake. The duty of this group was to design and propose a new system for area’s assessment and surveying that would carry out the area’s zoning, aerial triangulation, measurement and surveying, digital photography, system of receiving three-dimensional ground data and combination of archived infrastructural data. Using 117,000 photos taken by stereoscopic method as well as a hundred photos taken through direct photography from an area of about twenty-five thousand square kilometers, the photos of rebuilding information system were combined and this system was thus prepared.
Fatemeh Razi'ee
Volume 7, Issue 28 , February 1998, , Pages 28-34
Abstract
Astronomical reflections are indeed stories of astronomical optical (visible through emitting light) bodies which are extinguished, leaving behind only a nice memory. In this chapter, we deal with a type of telescope-based astronomy which is not possible to practice with naked eyes. It concerns the images ...
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Astronomical reflections are indeed stories of astronomical optical (visible through emitting light) bodies which are extinguished, leaving behind only a nice memory. In this chapter, we deal with a type of telescope-based astronomy which is not possible to practice with naked eyes. It concerns the images of nebulae, a continuous and attractive cloud which indicates the presence of dark objects in space which we are not aware of. First astronomers equipped with telescope observed unclear and expanded objects among the stars which they named nebula (Latin word for dark parts of clouds). Even before telescope, the Andromeda nebula and Magellanic Clouds had been observed by naked eyes as enigmatic permanent spots with a weak light. An example of the most famous and largest nebulae-like or expanded forms is the Milky Way. This galaxy is very ambiguous, and has been a mystery for long. However, these dark and ambiguous shapes in nocturnal sky were gradually classified into two separate parts. These are the same masses which radiate light and heat due to high temperature of atoms that constitute them. The best example of such radiations is the Sun’s ray and other stars and objects formed by stars, such as the Milky Way and other galaxies and spherical star clusters.
Fatemeh Razi'ee (Translator)
Volume 6, Issue 23 , November 1997, , Pages 42-45
Abstract
Geographic information systems have gained increasing importance in environmental planning, examination of environment’s effects and landscape planning. The main reason for this fact is the need for environmental planning in order to perform comparison of different sets of data related to an area ...
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Geographic information systems have gained increasing importance in environmental planning, examination of environment’s effects and landscape planning. The main reason for this fact is the need for environmental planning in order to perform comparison of different sets of data related to an area with the aim of achieving a description of natural resources and their sensitivity to different effects, because it is possible to use GIS for adapting data produces about an area with its real characteristics. GIS is considered a very efficient tool for these types of planning.
Environmental studies require prediction of the environment’s effects. Consequently, risk analyses should be entered into the GIS technology.
This paper describes some methods of application of geographic information system. Application of GIS in connection with models of attitude are elaborated in this paper through mentioning the following examples:
The EIA Study of traffic increase issues in the Wurm Valley in southern Munich;
The impact of the new Munich II airport on the region, urban development issues and increase of traffic;
The environmental management in border areas of Bohmerwald (Sumava) forests in Muhlvertiel in northern Austria.
The selected examples have been obtained through landscape planning and study of environmental effects using GIS and its modeling potentials. Different topics have been raised and assessed for either project based on GIS system of project’s information.
Fatemeh Razi'ee
Volume 6, Issue 21 , May 1997, , Pages 4-7
Abstract
Soil and erosion information are among the most valuable data for environmentalists and supporters of development of agricultural activities. However, there are still no standards regarding data collection. Currently, a project is being conducted that is aimed at gaining data related to the world’s ...
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Soil and erosion information are among the most valuable data for environmentalists and supporters of development of agricultural activities. However, there are still no standards regarding data collection. Currently, a project is being conducted that is aimed at gaining data related to the world’s status. The Europe Hun Soter is also being under preparation and implementation.
Various efforts have been made over a period of one hundred fifty years to record soil data in Hungary. The Kreybig Project (1932-51) is one of the most prominent of such attempts. This project, which in practical terms is similar to other methods and especially to GIS, paved the way for launching the Soter in 1986. This international project, which has been conducted for presentation of main numerical data related to soil and land features on a scale of 1: 1,000,000, combines the data from common and modern technologies in order to make digital maps. The main Pilot Soter data are presented around the world with the hope that they will eventually lead to creation of stable and homogeneous soil erosion data that can be easily updated.
Fatemeh Razi'ee (Translator)
Volume 6, Issue 24 , February 1997, , Pages 34-38
Abstract
Energy is released at the center of the Sun. This energy moves toward the surface of the Sun, and is spread in space as light and heat. The surface of the Sun is called Photosphere. There are dark spots on the Sun which are called Sunspots. There are thin gaseous layers above this celestial body which ...
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Energy is released at the center of the Sun. This energy moves toward the surface of the Sun, and is spread in space as light and heat. The surface of the Sun is called Photosphere. There are dark spots on the Sun which are called Sunspots. There are thin gaseous layers above this celestial body which are called Chromosphere or the Sun’s gas rings, and which leave the Sun’s surface into the space. There is an aura of gas around the Sun called corona which can be seen only at poles. Atomic particles are emitted from the Sun like a current and reach planets including Earth. These currents are called solar winds.
Fatemeh Razi'ee (Translator)
Volume 5, Issue 17 , May 1996, , Pages 62-64
Abstract
Stars have incredibly long life spans by human standards, but they are not eternal. The sun is a middle-aged star (in the middle part of its lifetime). Previous generations of stars have lived and died, and new stars are still born in our galaxy. The stars are formed by the collapse of gas clouds due ...
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Stars have incredibly long life spans by human standards, but they are not eternal. The sun is a middle-aged star (in the middle part of its lifetime). Previous generations of stars have lived and died, and new stars are still born in our galaxy. The stars are formed by the collapse of gas clouds due to gravity. The cloud will only collapse if its density is sufficient, and it should be sufficiently cool and bulky so that the gravity can overcome its internal pressure. For this reason, the most favorable condition for the formation of stars is molecular cloud. Dense-shaped gas clouds have very high number of molecules and are covered with dust that keeps them cool. If part of this cloud or the whole of it finds internal interactions due to gravity, it is likely that it decompose into smaller entities, each of which becomes a star. Hence the formation of stars takes place in batches. The Parvin (Pleiades) star cluster, for example, consists of a group of stars that have been formed around 50 million years ago.
Fatemeh Razi'ee (Translator)
Volume 5, Issue 20 , February 1996, , Pages 45-50
Abstract
This paper discusses the main aspects of automatic transfer of points as a basis for determination of justification parameters of digital images. The selection of points, techniques of forming digital models, role of approximate values, structure of image and existing conditions have been discussed, ...
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This paper discusses the main aspects of automatic transfer of points as a basis for determination of justification parameters of digital images. The selection of points, techniques of forming digital models, role of approximate values, structure of image and existing conditions have been discussed, and then the three methods of transfer of points in aerial triangulation have been compared.
Fatemeh Razi'ee (Translator)
Volume 4, Issue 16 , February 1995, , Pages 12-21
Abstract
This paper presents the role of GIS in urban planning and its applications at the San Diego Association of Governments. SANDAG is an example where planning strategies are based on short and long term information. Therefore, the principles that characterize it are compatible with the state of many urban ...
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This paper presents the role of GIS in urban planning and its applications at the San Diego Association of Governments. SANDAG is an example where planning strategies are based on short and long term information. Therefore, the principles that characterize it are compatible with the state of many urban environments. The primary use of GIS is in modeling. Four illustrative examples indicate the application of GIS in locating for development, scheduling unexpected events, determining the location of fire stations, crime control, and providing documentation.
