Sharare Saidpour; Dyman kashefidust
Abstract
Extended Abstract Introduction Cities as the physical and human assets aggregation centers, will toll a lot at crisis time. So attending to passive defense matter can considerably decrease the damages. Passive defense is one of those matters that have become attended during recent years at urban plans ...
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Extended Abstract Introduction Cities as the physical and human assets aggregation centers, will toll a lot at crisis time. So attending to passive defense matter can considerably decrease the damages. Passive defense is one of those matters that have become attended during recent years at urban plans and schematizations. And one of the passive defense policies - in all countries generally and in Iran specially - is constructing urban shelters to protect citizens’ lives and decreasing human harms. Staying in shelters provides the ability of habitation and temporary people lives for one or two months and also provides preserving and modulating the activities, managing the environment, resistance and securing urban life. The city of Saqqez, as the center of Saqqez division at Kurdistan province, is subjected to present research which experiences many natural incidents as a mountainous city, of which, flood is the most important one. Generally further to geological status of this city, there exist several agents which increase the probability of crisis at Saqqez such as existence of loose earth, hillsides susceptible for sliding or stone staving, unobserving the construction rules and precepts, instability of the earth, lack of rebuilding of damaged zones, lack of suitable pathways, lack of fundamental studies and works for solving the inundation problem and repelling flood, missing the basic plans for encountering future tensions and hundreds of other problems which appear now in Saqqez city, so that if they continue and remain unsolved, they may lead to some hard knots and unsolvable problems and if such situations occurred, unless expending immense charges and hard trying of planners can’t improve the created situation. One of the most important tasks that appear after accident is temporary or semi-temporary habitation and consequently permanent habitation of survivors of accident. So present research have been codified with the main aim localization of urban shelters with passive defense approach and the minor aims specification and utilizing some criterions for selecting the best shelter for temporary habitation, helping the urban guardians and deciders in prioritizing latent locations and selecting the best location for making shelter. Materials & Methods This research is regarded among applied researches, and descriptive-analytical method is used for codifying it. Needed information is imitated through library, documents, fieldwork, statistical results and census tables. In this research based on available statics at detailed plan of Saqqez city and also a fieldwork at 2014, the ANP model at environment of Super Decision software has utilized for evaluating the criterions. Thereafter informative layers and proportionate maps with criterions was provided finally the combined map of criterions has been extracted which shows the best location for building shelter in this zone. Result & Discussion According to the performed studies, in order to answer the first question, the most effective criterions at localization of safe space of shelters: criterions of distance from clinic and infirmary centers, distance from fire stations, distance from open areas, distance from educational centers, distance from police stations and military centers, population accumulation, adaptability of urban land uses and accessing to communication network have been considered. In order to answer the second question, suitable locations for generating shelters at crisis times, are those points of city which have enough open areas and at the same time are compatible with surrounding land uses which have rather better potential for habitation of injured people. Those zones with incompatible and medley urban use and insufficient area have minimum possible ability for planning shelters. Thus central part has a high ability for habitation of injured people because of having proper open areas and also suitable accessibility. Conclusion Achieved results of this research show that by compilation of different layers of effective urban land uses, final map of optimized areas for generating urban shelters classified at five parcels from very good to very lean and 9 preferred locations have been considered which among them green areas, arid lands and schools have maximum scores for temporal habitation. Thus 3 parks in the city, 1 school and other open and arid lands have been preferred. According to performed analysis and results, designation of equipment and necessary services at selected locations for temporary habitation specially parks and gardens such as specifying heliport, toilets, water sources, etc. are obligatory then it is not necessary to spend time for providing them during any misadventure in order to not any tribulation retards the fast relief process. Constructing the wide open spaces such as parks, gardens, sport fields, etc. with at least 2000 square meter area inside the neighboring units simultaneously with performing other constructional works among these areas are useful and effective to fast evacuation of injured people to this areas and establishing the temporal houses. Informing and introducing safe places for people habitation is necessary and all governmental and private places, gardens, military places, stadiums and sport fields, bureaus and agencies, relief centers, etc. which have suitable spaces among the city or around it, by respecting protection and safety principles can use their spaces multipurpose and contribute in this matter.
Zeynab Aliabadi; Mahid Nastaran; Farzane Pirani; Farzane Sheikhzade
Abstract
Extended Abstract Introduction The deployment of every urban element in the position of the body - a particular area of the city - is subjected to certain principles, rules and procedures that, if followed, will ensure the success and effectiveness of thatelement in the same place, otherwise there will ...
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Extended Abstract Introduction The deployment of every urban element in the position of the body - a particular area of the city - is subjected to certain principles, rules and procedures that, if followed, will ensure the success and effectiveness of thatelement in the same place, otherwise there will be many problems with the occurrence it does.Therefore, achieving equilibrium in the spatial distribution of resources and services is the main goal of the planners. Considering the importance of locating and its position in various projects, the importance of the location of the fire stations and the direct impact on its model and performance will be determined. Provision of fire station services requires their proper location in order to distribute them appropriately to minimize their financial losses.Locating fire stations and determining the number and location of stations guarantee the safety of citizens in the event of any incident. Due to the high importance of the 3rd district of Isfahan among other areas of the city, attentionto safety issues in this context is urgently needed. The 3rd district of Isfahan is the heart of the city which has an ancient heritage. One of the important issues facing urban management is the timely delivery of firefighting during a fire.There was no responsive station in this area. Thus, the need to address the problem of locating and distributing fire stations is of great importance in urban planning. Therefore, the choice of optimal location and appropriate distribution of fire stations will bethe overall goal of this study to increase the safety level. Materials & Methods The present research is a descriptive-analytic research in terms of purpose, and an applied research in terms of the nature and method of the study. Part of the theoretical information was collected through library studies, the use of documents, records and reports. To understand the scope, the studies conducted by the consultant as well as field observations and observations have been used. In the analysis section, using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and geospatial mappingmodel. In this study, at first, the criteria and the sub criteria for determining the location of the fire station were weighed by the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) using Expert Choice software, and then, by digitizing the layers in the GIS, eachmap layer was produced for each of the criteria, and then the layers were overlapped by applying the weights of each layer, and the fire station's optimal locations are proposed. Results & Discussion Among the urban facilities, the construction of fire centers in the area due to the deployment of the old, historical and living Qaiseriyah market, and the lack of emergency exit routes and relief during the fire, as well as the existence of workshops and warehouses connected to the market, it is also important that it should be added to the consequences of other incidents. Therefore, this study was aimed at increasing the level of safety by locating fire stations in Isfahan's region 3using AHP and location model in GIS environment. After normalizing the maps with the Reclassifying tool, and according to the categories at this stage with the Raster Calculator tool, the sum of all generated layers multiplies the values for each layer obtained from AHP andmaps of the proposed locations for Fire station was created. Based on the final map (Figure 19), the most suitable optimal points for the fire station were selected based on the criteria analysis. These points of choice have the proper features, including proximity to access level 2, abandoned land, an area of 1500 square meters up, construction density and high population density in the periphery. According to (Fig. 19), three-point distances were investigated using the Euclidean Distance tool. On the other hand, according to the existing standard, for every 50,000 people we need to build a fire station; therefore, in addition to a fire station in the area, it is necessary to deploy another station. Finally, according to the aforementioned maps, by examining the intervals between the existing and proposed fire stations, the final map (Fig. 20) is based on the noninterference of the functional radii of 1200 meters of stations relative to each other; the third point was deployed as the optimal and the most common location of the firestation. Conclusion By studying the present situation and field observations of the fire stations in Isfahan's region 3, it has only one center, and according to the volume of utilizations and activities of importance in the region as well as theheight of the region with historic monuments at national and international levels, the issue of safety in the context of this region is very important. Therefore, based on the population and region level, the existing fire station does not cover the possibility of service within a 3-5 minute interval throughout the entire area. Considering that the area has organic and intact texture. Based on field observations and existing standards, residents need urban equipment, including fire stations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to locate another fire station based on the region's requirements, standards and indicators. Therefore, effective measures in area 3 including demographic density, availability, consistent use, functional radius, building quality, size of parts, construction density, and user-friendliness were considered. Eventually, considering the 1200 meter radius, the location of the optimal fire station was proposed on Neshat Street.
Zohreh Fanni; Abdollah Roshan
Abstract
Abstract[1]
One of the fundamental principles of passive defense, is the location of fire stations. Safety of city against accidents, particularly fires in various applications, and ensuring the safety of lives and properties of citizens are the responsibilities of the most important element of city. ...
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Abstract[1]
One of the fundamental principles of passive defense, is the location of fire stations. Safety of city against accidents, particularly fires in various applications, and ensuring the safety of lives and properties of citizens are the responsibilities of the most important element of city. Firefighting stations, are among themost important and vital centers for providing services in cities that play an important role in ensuring the safety and comfort of citizens and the development of cities. Obviously the timely delivery of fire station services, will require them to be located in appropriate places more than anything else, in order to be able to arrive at the scene and carry out the relief efforts as fast as possible, without encountering any obstacles and limitations of the urban environment on one hand, and with the least negative impacts on the lives of the inhabitants of the city on the other hand.Therefore, the value of time in helping and reducing the time lag to help injured people in the urban network can be realized.Among the objectives of this research, it is possible to point out the study of existing status of fire stations, their operation in the event of accidents, the coverage of existing stations and locating the best place for the construction of new firefighting stations in the city of Behbahan. The results of this research show that Behbahan city has two fire stations, one in the East and one in the Southwest, and the Northeastern and Northwestern parts of the city are outside of the coverage of these two stations.Therefore, the present study uses the AHP model to analyze the existing stations and their service status in the event of accidents, and finally, with the emphasis on the principles of passive defense, the optimal location for the construction of new firefighting stations, which will be able to cover all the region with the help of existing stations has been carried out.
[1] - به دلیل کیفیت نامناسب متن چکیده مبسوط انگلیسیِ ارائه شده توسط نویسنده مسئول مقاله، نشریه به ناچار اقدام به ترجمه مجدد متن چکیده فارسی و انتشار آن به جای چکیده مبسوط انگلیسی نموده است.
