Geographic Data
Seyed Asadallah Hejazi; Fariba Karami; Saye Habibzadeh
Abstract
Extended AbstractIntroductionIn recent decades, cities have provided the prelude to widespread urban growth and development as the most important human settlements, due to the increasing degree of urbanization and the increase in urban population, which is one of the most important aspects of global ...
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Extended AbstractIntroductionIn recent decades, cities have provided the prelude to widespread urban growth and development as the most important human settlements, due to the increasing degree of urbanization and the increase in urban population, which is one of the most important aspects of global transformation. In recent decades, following the growing expansion of urbanization and urbanization, as well as the continuous increase in population, many cities in the country have faced significant physical development, which has left planners and city managers with the problem of determining the right axes. And the boundaries of future physical growth of cities have faced. Maku is one of the cities that experienced an annual growth of 3.7 percent between 1996 and 2016, with a population of 46,581. Given the forecast of the increase in the population of the city in the coming years, the identification of suitable land for its physical development is an inevitable necessity. Several factors, including geomorphological features, climatic conditions, geological features, are effective in choosing the location of cities. The study evaluated the role of geomorphology as one of the factors influencing the location and physical development of the city of Maku.Materials and MethodsThe research method is of a descriptive-analytical type with a functional purpose. In this study, raw data was collected through documented and field studies. This study examines the geomorphological factors influencing the physical-physical development of the city of Maku. To evaluate the optimal development of urban land, the components of lithology, soil, slope, distance from the river, direction of slope, height, land use, distance from fault and Road in the area of the surrounding city of Maku were used. To analyze data and select the optimal location, a combination of two phase - electro and Shannon entropy models has been used. To prepare the ground fit layer, the layers in question are standardized and phased in the ArcGis environment using the Phase model and by the calculator instrument and in the form of a raster in the form of a value of zero to one. Finally, the coating of layers using phase logic (gamma) to optimize the development of the city of Maku was determined, and then the development path of the city of Maku was classified into five groups: completely appropriate, relatively appropriate, appropriate, inappropriate and very inappropriate.DiscussionAfter determining the effective criteria in locating and detecting the weight of the criteria, the information layers should be combined with the appropriate method. The composition of the map is obtained by overlapping weighted maps. Merging and combining different spatial layers from different sources together is the main goal of GIS projects and its unique feature, so that the interactions are described and analyzed with the help of predictive models to support decision-makers. The final map of the development potential of the city of Maku was prepared by combining different layers of information and classified according to the Likert scale. In this classification, land was considered suitable for urban development in 5 groups of lands with very low, low, medium, high and very high development potential. According to the above map, most of the city's immediate land is located in the eastern and western parts of the city for Urban Development. The southern and northern lands of the kalbdi District of Maku are also small or very small for the future development of the city. The proximity to the epicenter of earthquakes, the short distance from the river and the location of the flood path are the main reasons for the inadequacy of the above land for the physical development of the city of Maku. The lands located east and West at the entrance of the city from the shout and merchant side are the only immediate areas of the city that are very suitable for the future development of the city.ConclusionAmong the seven geomorphological factors studied, the two factors "altitude" and "lithology" are the highest coefficients of importance, and the factors "slope direction" and "distance from the river" are also the least important. The results of comparative analysis of the eight geographical directions in terms of geomorphological factors also show that in terms of the litholysis factor, the east, west and northwest directions are more desirable compared to other options. In terms of the elevation factor, the Northeast and East Directions are more suitable, and in terms of the distance factor, the West and northwest directions are more preferred. Comparing options in terms of soil factor also indicates a greater favorability of the Northeast and northwest directions. Distance from the river was another component that, based on the analyses, the East and Southeast directions, identified more favorable areas for urban development in terms of this component; and finally, in terms of the slope direction criterion, the lands located in the southeast of the City face greater desirability. After determining the coefficient of importance of the criteria and the relative score of the options in terms of each of the factors studied the coefficients of importance of the criteria and the relative weight of the options were calculated within the framework of the method of the process of hierarchical analysis of the integration and score of each of the eight geographical directions as follows the East was calculated with a gradient of 5 West 5 southwest 1 northeast 2 North 0 south 0 Southeast 4 Northwest 0 thus in terms of geomorphological factors the study word in the ین research orientations east west and the southeast is proposed as a priority for the future development of the city of Maku.
Mohsen Pour Khosravani; S. Elham Mousavi
Abstract
Extended Abstract Introduction Natural conditions and physical limitations determine the suitability of an area for the development of the city. Therefore, ignoring the effects of these factors and conditions such as the position of the floodplain, steep, existence of bedrock ... on the development can ...
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Extended Abstract Introduction Natural conditions and physical limitations determine the suitability of an area for the development of the city. Therefore, ignoring the effects of these factors and conditions such as the position of the floodplain, steep, existence of bedrock ... on the development can cause serious and complex problems (sarvar, et al., 2014, 96). Urban development is the harmonious and balanced expansion of the surface assigned to the residential buildings in a city, with the surfaces required by other applications at a standard level (ghrekhloo et al, 2011). In many sources, the physical expansion of cities is defined as a dynamic and continuous process in which the physical limits of the city and its physical spaces increase in vertical and horizontal directions in terms of quantity and quality (Pour Ahmad et al, 2014). High population growth and migration caused unplanned constructions and unrestrained expansion of cities and has created a lot of changes in their spatial constructions. The lack of knowledge and awareness of these limitations and the lack of preserving their limits led to the development of the city towards these obstacles and ultimately, urban areas will face serious problems. Therefore, the balanced development of cities requires planning principles. Accordingly, this research tries to determine the optimal areas for the physical development of the Dalaky and Vahdatiyeh towns, while considering the variables affecting the location of these two towns with the help of the Geographic information system (GIS) and mathematical methods of MCDM. Research Methodology The research method in this study is descriptive-analytical, based on practical type. In this research, the required information was collected using field and library methods and then, the subject under study was investigated using Excel, AutoCad, ARC GiS and GOOGLE Earth software and SAW, Dematel and AHP methods in two stages. At the first stage, geomorphological maps were prepared as the base maps using 1: 100000 geological and 1: 50000 topographic maps -K753 series, pages 6148 IV and 6248 I, digital elevation model (DEM) and satellite imagery. Then, at the second stage, the AHP method was used to weight the sub-criteria and the SAW, DEMATEL and AHP methods were used to weight the main criteria of the research and ultimately the final map was prepared. In general, AHP helps decision-makers to choose the best option by comparing criteria and sub criteria. In this way, decision-makers compare criteria and sub-criteria in pairs, and there is no need to consider all criteria at one stage. Results and discussion The variables and indices in this study are 5 criteria: slope, mother materials, geoform, land surfaces and climatic elements; and 6 sub-criteria: distance from human elements, distance from runoff, distance from the tectonic structure, temperature, precipitation, wind speed; and 10 indices: distance to urban settlements, distance from the road, distance from groves, distance from agricultural lands, distance from the alluvial fans, distance from the river, distance to Galli, distance from alluvial terraces and distance to reverse and strike-slip faults. After evaluating these indices, AHP, Dematel and SAW techniques were used to analyze them. Conclusion Urban physical development is one of the main issues of urban growth, and if the physical development is not a desirable location in cities, there will be many negative impacts both from natural and human aspects on the cities. Unauthorized growth of urban areas and the development of these areas in the natural environment regardless of natural hazards, recognizing regional geomorphic conditions, environmental hazards, and urban planning are necessary to determine the safe and sustainable environment for the expansion of cities. In this research, the geomorphological and environmental hazards in the study area have been investigated using the Saw, Dematel and AHP models; the opportunities and constraints have been expanded in different directions of the Dalaki and Vahdatiyeh cities, and finally the best direction for the expansion of these cities in the future was determined. Although both the DEMATEL and AHP model compare each parameter to other parameters, but, because the AHP model compares the weight of the classes of each criterion based on the preference of one class to all classes of that criterion, it provides better results. The results show that the SAW method also suggests some results by direct determination of the weights. Therefore, with regard to the contradiction of the final results of parameter weighting, the weights have been integrated in this research using the average rating method. Accordingly, the mother material parameter with an average rating of 1.33 is the most preferred parameter, and the slope and land surface parameters with an average rating of 3.67, have the least preference in weighting factors. According to these surveys, the lands of the south-east, north, north-east and the eastern slopes are the most suitable directions for the physical development of two towns of Dalaki and Vahdatyeh.
Mohsen Ahadnejadroshti; Ashraf Azimzadeh Irany; Saeed Najafy
Abstract
Abstract
physical growth and development of border cities with regard to defense and security structures, migration and population movements, communication and transportation infrastructure, urban management, sources of livelihood, diversity of cultural customs and…, have undergone changes and ...
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Abstract
physical growth and development of border cities with regard to defense and security structures, migration and population movements, communication and transportation infrastructure, urban management, sources of livelihood, diversity of cultural customs and…, have undergone changes and developments under the influence of internal and external communication over the years. The main objective of this research is to compare adaptively the physical development of Eastern and Western border cities of the country with a case study of Zabol and Piranshahr cities. For this purpose, ETM, TIRS, and OLI sensor images of Landsat satellites 5, 7, and 8 were selected for the period of 1986-2015 (1365-1394), and Holdren models and Shannon Entropy were used. After geo-referencing the images, Fuzzy method has been used to classify the changes of development, and the urban expansion was foreseen for the year 2030 (1409) using the combination method of Markov chains and automated cells. The results show that during the 29 years of study, the lands constructed in Zabol city has reached from 2578.10 hectares in 1986 (1365) to 3419.92 hectares in 2015 (1394), and in the city of Piranshahr from 612.10 hectares in 1986 to 1785.90 hectares in 2015. During this period, the greatest land use changes in Zabol were observed in agricultural lands with 58.76 % and the least changes were in gardens with 0.42 %. In the city of Piranshahr, however, the highest rate of land use changes were observed in agricultural lands with 67.88% and the least changes in wastelands with 2.16%. According to the entropy model, it has been shown that in the last 29 years, the physical expansion of cities has been growing sporadically and non-densely. But the rate of shapelessness has decreased in the city of Piranshahr compared to the year of 1986. Between the years of 1986 and 2015, about 85% of physical growth in Zabol city was related to population growth and 15% of the city growth was related to the horizontal and spiral growth of the city, while in the city of Piranshahr, all the city's physical growth has resulted from the population growth during the aforementioned years due to the negative gross per capita. Considering the projected population during these 15 years, it is expected that 364.4 ha in the city of Zabol and 15.94 ha in the city of Piranshahr will be added to the urban constructed lands. The adaptive comparison of the cities with regard to the population growth has led to an uneven development of the cities, which requires the guidance, growth and development of the cities with appropriate and desirable plans.
Mohsen Zare Ahmadabad; Ali Nabi
Volume 22, SEPEHR , April 2013, , Pages 68-74
Abstract
Fault is a kind of break which happens due to pressure on the crust and following the displacement of layers. It has different forms (Shayan, 1997, P.128).
The study area is located in Azarbaijan Sharqi, Northern and North Eastern Tabriz. It borders Tabriz plain in South and South East, and Aji chay ...
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Fault is a kind of break which happens due to pressure on the crust and following the displacement of layers. It has different forms (Shayan, 1997, P.128).
The study area is located in Azarbaijan Sharqi, Northern and North Eastern Tabriz. It borders Tabriz plain in South and South East, and Aji chay main basin, Khaje and Shirinje Daghi in North. Due to slight activity of Northern fault system in Tabriz, geomorphologic forms are consequently affected by such activities like landslide in hillside, or landslide in different surfaces and scales. The present article aims to study geomorphology of Northern Tabriz fault which is in constant natural interaction with Tabriz city. Fault line scarps with steep slope is a dominant characteristic of the area. The main area in the study is 67 km2 and the highest point with 1900 m altitude is located in ‘Un ibn ‘Ali elevations and central part of the study area.
It should be noted that ‘Un ibn ‘Ali elevations which include the most important part of study area cover Northern and North Eastern sections of Tabriz plain, from Baghmishe in South East to Tabriz airport in North with a North West-South East direction. Furthermore, studies and investigations in different parts of this fault indicate the presence of different morphological traces caused by tectonic activities.
Siamak Taghizadeh ghaleh jooghi; Manuchehr Masumi
Volume 21, SEPEHR , February 2013, , Pages 59-65
Abstract
Land forms are always changing because of human activities and natural phenomena. In urban environment, these changes happen with more diversity and speed. As a result, understanding land use changes is essential for optimal urban management. Thus, accessing information regarding land use and its changes ...
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Land forms are always changing because of human activities and natural phenomena. In urban environment, these changes happen with more diversity and speed. As a result, understanding land use changes is essential for optimal urban management. Thus, accessing information regarding land use and its changes over time are among important issues in urban management. Population growth and overusing the earth potential have increased the pressure on environment. Therefore, controlling the trend of urban development is necessary.
Using the new and precise tool of GIS and RS sciences and techniques, satellite images and aerial photos, scholars, researchers and planners can investigate and study environmental and physical changes of the city in different time periods, exploit and analyze data, control and predict urban development trend.
In order to determine level of land use changes in Naqade during 1964-1999, the present article investigate and analyze aerial photos and satellite images in different land uses and land covers in five different classes like residential classes, roads, vegetation, jungles, and surface water. Results were determined and digitalized in different layers for the sake of comparing and analyzing the changes.
Seyyed Hassan Sadugh Vanini; Jamileh Tavakkolinia; Omid Zare'ee
Volume 18, Issue 72 , February 2010, , Pages 32-39
Abstract
Considering that the growth trend of urbanization in Iran, following the deep economic and social changes of past decades, has in recent years led to the unbridled growth of cities with national and regional role and, without regard to the natural capacities and facilities of the region has brought about ...
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Considering that the growth trend of urbanization in Iran, following the deep economic and social changes of past decades, has in recent years led to the unbridled growth of cities with national and regional role and, without regard to the natural capacities and facilities of the region has brought about unpleasant consequences for the physical-biological environment of the city, the growth of the population with the occupation of urban space has created imbalances in the construction and texture of the city and has caused irreparable damage to the urban environment. As a result, the zoning of land for the physical development of cities has always been of interest to urban geographers and planners, and therefore it is essential to locate suitable lands for the physical development of cities. In this paper, using the AHP model in ARC GIS software, land zoning for physical development of Shiraz city was evaluated based on 8 criteria (slope, ground, static surface of groundwater, land capability, river boundary, the distance from fault, height and texture of soil) and a zoning map of the land was obtained. The zoning map shows three areas of high suitability (21516 hectares), low suitability (23069 hectares) and unsuitable (23289 hectares) in terms of priority for physical development, and can be used by urban managers and planners.
Hiva Elmizadeh
Volume 18, Issue 71 , November 2009, , Pages 63-67
Abstract
Basically, the establishment and emergence of a city is more than anything subject to environmental conditions and geographic location, since natural features and phenomena have a decisive influence on location, dispersion, penetration area, physical development, urban morphology and the like, and sometimes ...
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Basically, the establishment and emergence of a city is more than anything subject to environmental conditions and geographic location, since natural features and phenomena have a decisive influence on location, dispersion, penetration area, physical development, urban morphology and the like, and sometimes act as a positive and temporal factor, and in some cases as a negative and deterrent one (Rev. 1382, p. 133). In recent decades, the city of Karaj has gone through a great deal of physical development due to the increase in population, and the increasing expansion of urban space without regard to geomorphologic processes has caused problems that are studied. In this research, the attempt will be made to analyze briefly the geomorphic phenomena and processes affecting the locating process in the city of Karaj, and to remind the urban planners of the consequences of failure to pay them due attention.
