Amir Saeed Homaei Nejad
Volume 16, Issue 61 , May 2007, , Pages 28-31
Abstract
This document is in fact a report on a research-executive project about tracing, chasing and capturing a moving object in a region by a mechanical user (ROBOT). The hardware includes a computer, a CCD camera, an image receiver (FRAME GRABBER), a mechanical user, a controller and an infrared transmitter. ...
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This document is in fact a report on a research-executive project about tracing, chasing and capturing a moving object in a region by a mechanical user (ROBOT). The hardware includes a computer, a CCD camera, an image receiver (FRAME GRABBER), a mechanical user, a controller and an infrared transmitter. The software utilized in this research project was designed in VC ++ and NQC environments, and included recording and capturing images, image processor and data extraction, information analysis, decision making, sending of commands and intermediate software. The general objective of this research is the practical implementation of Mobile Mapping in real time or on-line mode. All geometric and explanatory information of the field of operation are recorded and stored in computer memory. The CCD camera is positioned in certain locations and takes images from the area. Camera deployment does not have much effect on the overall performance of this research. The locations can be fixed or movable.
Images are received at a specified time interval and are temporarily recorded in the computer memory. In the processor section, the received images are examined and the required information is extracted. This information is analyzed, and if it is determined that an unknown body has entered the area, it is identified and the object's position is communicated to the command section, and this section sends the proper command to mechanical user according to received information. Then the mechanical user moves toward the body to arrest it. Simultaneously with imaging, the information in the memory is revised and updated.
Abbas Khosravi
Volume 6, Issue 24 , February 1997, , Pages 28-33
Abstract
Mangrove is a tree with natural form, ornamental fruits, beautiful leaves, well-shaped branches and pleasant blossoms which has grown under special conditions in sea water in the Qeshm Island. The crest of these trees rarely appears during water’s high tide, and their lower parts which usually ...
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Mangrove is a tree with natural form, ornamental fruits, beautiful leaves, well-shaped branches and pleasant blossoms which has grown under special conditions in sea water in the Qeshm Island. The crest of these trees rarely appears during water’s high tide, and their lower parts which usually contain respiratory roots can be witnessed only during low tides. The beautiful appearance of these trees is such that they charm any viewer, especially those who visit Qeshm for the first time.
The Mangrove Trees, the cause of the special beauty of sandy shores of the northwest and west of the Qeshm Island, are studied in this paper.
Khosro Khajeh (Translation)
Volume 3, Issue 10 , August 1994, , Pages 28-34
Abstract
Carl Steinitz, in his speech at the EGIS 93, describes the methodology of a project for outlook planning.
In 1990, after nearly twenty-five years of utilizing GIS in many projects, I came to the conclusion that there is a common structure for the continuation of this work, and in the October 1990 wrote ...
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Carl Steinitz, in his speech at the EGIS 93, describes the methodology of a project for outlook planning.
In 1990, after nearly twenty-five years of utilizing GIS in many projects, I came to the conclusion that there is a common structure for the continuation of this work, and in the October 1990 wrote a brief article entitled "A Framework for Theory" in the Outlook Journal, and this theoretical framework has become the main pattern of teaching and research in my projects in the last three years. In this article, I will try to present a brief description of this framework and show how it is used in a project.
As a teacher, I have always believed that we should be able to benefit from a comprehensive, integrated and adaptable approach when dealing with theory and practice. I do not accept and indeed reject the "up-to-down" theory of the approach or model of outlook planning which has universal application. Instead, I believe that an appropriate strategy is, first and foremost, a” perception”. My research for the underlying framework in which I organize this process has shown that there is a great deal of structural (and perhaps necessary) similarity among some of the questions raised by outlook planners and other environmental design experts.
Professor Amos Rapoport (University of Wisconsin) has described a useful definition for theories, models and frameworks. He briefly states: “A theory explains, a model predicts and organizes a framework; a framework can be judged based on its rationality and merit, but it has no claims against other frameworks.
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Fereydun Khajenoori
Volume 2, Issue 8 , February 1993, , Pages 28-30
Abstract
Relief maps are three-dimensional topographic representation of the earth on which the elevations are measured relative to a flat surface. Therefore, they will be different from a fully similar image of the earth, because except in special cases, the curvature of the base surface or the spherical shape ...
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Relief maps are three-dimensional topographic representation of the earth on which the elevations are measured relative to a flat surface. Therefore, they will be different from a fully similar image of the earth, because except in special cases, the curvature of the base surface or the spherical shape of the earth is not considered in them. Moreover, on such maps the scale of altitude is sometimes not the same as the horizontal scale. These maps share some qualities with flat topographic maps, such as flat drawing, writings, elevation points and, possibly, contours and coloring.
Esma'il Salehi; Saeed Negahban; Zohreh Ja'farian Dehkordi
Volume 19, Issue 76 , February 2011, , Pages 29-33
Abstract
Cities are open systems that have always been the origin of change and are themselves changing and evolving, and given the growing population of cities in today's world, the physical space of the city has also expanded and occupied the surrounding land. The physical growth of cities has absorbed and ...
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Cities are open systems that have always been the origin of change and are themselves changing and evolving, and given the growing population of cities in today's world, the physical space of the city has also expanded and occupied the surrounding land. The physical growth of cities has absorbed and destroyed high-quality land. Human societies have been established in the early stages of formation with the aim of using high quality soils for agriculture, alongside or among high quality agricultural land. Over time, along with the expansion of the villages and their conversion into cities, and then the development of cities, high-quality agricultural lands have been added to the urban area and agricultural activities are retreating to poor lands. This article tries to understand the environmental impacts of urban development using a method based on secondary sources, and the results show that this issue is taking place continuously in parts of the suburbs of any city with potential of development and expansion. This physical growth of cities causes the destruction of the environmental balance between the city and its surroundings, which not only reduces the quantity and quality of resources and living conditions, but also causes major complications such as air and water pollution, noise pollution, and In general, the destruction of the environment.
Mohammad Hassan Nami
Volume 19, Issue 75 , November 2010, , Pages 29-34
Abstract
The limitations of the sources and documents related to the field of space in the country necessitates the clarification of the status of space in the development of the country and sustainable security, which, while expressing the fundamental issues concerning space technology and space activities of ...
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The limitations of the sources and documents related to the field of space in the country necessitates the clarification of the status of space in the development of the country and sustainable security, which, while expressing the fundamental issues concerning space technology and space activities of the country, examine specialized fields in remote sensing and space imaging. Space structure, space legal regime, space functions and space technology are the major topics discussed in this paper.
Seyyed Ramin Ghaffaari
Volume 16, Issue 63 , November 2007, , Pages 29-34
Abstract
In general, the sustainable development of the city is due to the stable, constructive and systematic interaction of man with man (in various dimensions) and man with the environment (in the natural-ecological aspect).Interactions that, over time, make the city environmentally sustainable, economically ...
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In general, the sustainable development of the city is due to the stable, constructive and systematic interaction of man with man (in various dimensions) and man with the environment (in the natural-ecological aspect).Interactions that, over time, make the city environmentally sustainable, economically durable, socially united and physically beautiful. Therefore, the present article aims to demonstrate the fact that the tourist (1) as a smart and human element and as an input of an urban system can have positive effects on the various spatial dimensions and can be a factor contributing to the sustainable development of the city. Furthermore, city and city managers, in mutual connection and in order to provide proper bases for the purpose of maximum enjoyment of the aforementioned advantages, inevitably provide the structures and infrastructures and define appropriate and proportionate functions in the city and its hinterland (2). - Creating an appropriate mentality among people, planners and managers about the role and importance of tourism (3) in sustainable urban development. - Formulating regulations and preparing conductive - comprehensive or structural - strategic plans for cities in accordance with leisure needs of citizens and the spirit of diverse experiences common among tourists. - Finally, ethical and practical commitment of urban managers to provision of financial resources and implementation of tourist projects proposed in approved urban plans and the formation of urban tourism units in municipalities. The triple levels suggested in this paper are proposed with the aim of transforming a perceptual environment (a belief) into a functional environment (objective truth), and with the goal of achieving sustainable development of the city from the perspective of tourism industry.
Khosru Khajeh (Translator)
Volume 14, Issue 54 , August 2005, , Pages 29-31
Abstract
Since it is possible to achieve precision of two centimeters (or better) for orthometric altitudes (perpendicular to geoid) derived from GPS, this paper is intended to provide a brief and practical guide to the use of GPS devices, methods of reference determination, data collection and geoid models that ...
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Since it is possible to achieve precision of two centimeters (or better) for orthometric altitudes (perpendicular to geoid) derived from GPS, this paper is intended to provide a brief and practical guide to the use of GPS devices, methods of reference determination, data collection and geoid models that provide surveyors with high-precision orthometric altitudes. Although this paper is basically written for American surveyors, all other surveyors can benefit from the experiences collected in this paper as well. Achieving two-centimeter precision for GPS-based orthometric altitudes can be achieved using iterative, radial and fast static GPS techniques along with a high resolution geoid model. These methods can be implemented in an area of less than 30 km2, and since field GPS methods and observation time periods are not directly proportional to the length of the base line, these methods can not be immediately applied to large-scale projects (i.e., Lands with areas more than 30 km2). The author of this paper intends to present a brief and practical guide and is not to provide a substitute for the GPS manual, but to create an incentive for surveyors to study the device's manual with great attention.
Hosein Nahavandchi
Volume 2, Issue 6 , February 1992, , Pages 29-30
Abstract
As we know, geoid altitude is one of the important parameters in geodetic physics, one of whose fundamental applications is determining the best reference elliptic. In order to carry out geoid determination, various satellite, geometric and physical methods are used. The following paper is one of the ...
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As we know, geoid altitude is one of the important parameters in geodetic physics, one of whose fundamental applications is determining the best reference elliptic. In order to carry out geoid determination, various satellite, geometric and physical methods are used. The following paper is one of the geometric methods of geodetic determination.
Esma'il Nasrabadi
Volume 21, Issue 81 , April 2012, , Pages 30-34
Mohammad Hasan Nami
Volume 19, Issue 74 , August 2010, , Pages 30-35
Abstract
The limitations of the sources and documents related to the field of space in the country necessitates the clarification of the status of space in the development of the country and sustainable security, which, while expressing the fundamental issues concerning space technology and space activities of ...
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The limitations of the sources and documents related to the field of space in the country necessitates the clarification of the status of space in the development of the country and sustainable security, which, while expressing the fundamental issues concerning space technology and space activities of the country, examine specialized fields in remote sensing and space imaging. Space structure, space legal regime, space functions and space technology are the major topics discussed in this paper.
Mojtaba Yamani
Volume 14, Issue 53 , May 2005, , Pages 30-34
Abstract
So far, geomorphology has not found its true status in environmental studies as an applied science. Perhaps one of the most important reasons for this issue is lack of sufficient knowledge of users and managers about this branch of environmental sciences. Geomorphologic studies are not of long history ...
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So far, geomorphology has not found its true status in environmental studies as an applied science. Perhaps one of the most important reasons for this issue is lack of sufficient knowledge of users and managers about this branch of environmental sciences. Geomorphologic studies are not of long history on the international level, but nevertheless they have been widely used in many European and American countries due to their applications as well as practical necessities. In this regard, practical geomorphologic maps are considered as the most important tool for geomorphological studies. Since geomorphologic phenomena are highly complex and varied, the information on these maps are diverse and complex as well. Obviously, the ability to use these maps is equally dependent on the skill and knowledge of its suppliers and users. In general, the information on detailed geomorphological maps is divided into 4 general groups. This group of information can be emphasized according to the goals and fields of study, and become thematic. In addition, the scale of maps is also a determining factor in the possibility to display details. Therefore, in order to prepare a geomorphologic map from each region, there is first a need for sufficient scientific background and then knowledge of the goals, details and necessity of geomorphological studies.
Abbasali Salehabadi (Translator)
Volume 5, Issue 19 , November 1996, , Pages 30-35
Abstract
By introducing GPS into the global arena and increase in its applications, the basic concepts of geodetic science and surveying have changed. GPS is capable of a relatively fast and accurate determination of position in any weather conditions. Working with it is economical and cost-effective. On the ...
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By introducing GPS into the global arena and increase in its applications, the basic concepts of geodetic science and surveying have changed. GPS is capable of a relatively fast and accurate determination of position in any weather conditions. Working with it is economical and cost-effective. On the other hand, the difference in coordinates taken from GPS is often more important than the equivalent coordinates extracted from drawn or digital maps. The map data contains the long-standing problems arising from determination of planimetric base-level, the image system, surveying operations and their common errors. But these are now better characterized by the coordinates derived from GPS. The GPS is relatively inexpensive, efficient and flexible and determines the three-dimensional position of points with high precision. This technique can be used effectively in navigation, surveying and geodesy. However, there are still some very important issues in combining GPS coordinates with positional information from other methods that are troublesome for us. These issues will become more apparent when the above-mentioned position information is extracted from a digital map database. In general, such information is derived from digitization of linear maps. Therefore, of such positions with the position of the GPS involves in a series of the resulting positions are affected by a variety of errors in the process. Any combination specified computational steps. These computational steps’ purpose is to determine the proper estimation and verification of data between two sets of position presented.
Mohammad Ali Ghazi Saeedi
Volume 2, Issue 7 , August 1993, , Pages 30-34
Abstract
About seventy protected habitats are under the management of Iran's Environment Organization which are divided, according to importance, into four types of national parks, national natural monuments, wildlife sanctuaries and protected areas. The smallest of such areas called the national natural monument ...
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About seventy protected habitats are under the management of Iran's Environment Organization which are divided, according to importance, into four types of national parks, national natural monuments, wildlife sanctuaries and protected areas. The smallest of such areas called the national natural monument of Susan Chehel Cheragh (Forty Lights), is 0.6 hectares, and the largest one is the Turan protected area and Wildlife sanctuary with an area of 1,900,000 hectares. For preparing basic maps for environmental utilization of the above areas the coverage maps of Geographic Organization of the Armed Forces on the scales of 1: 50,000 and 1: 250,000 were taken as the basis, and after clarifying aerial photographs and summarizing the above-mentioned maps a habitat map and other environmental maps are prepared.
Farideh Golvani; Hassan Lashkari
Volume 20, Issue 79 , November 2011, , Pages 31-36
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Foehn wind on forest fires in Gilan province and forest fire prediction methods. For this purpose, fire statistics of Gilan forests were selected during the statistical period (2002 - 2006) and synoptic maps of sea level were investigated during ...
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The purpose of this study was to determine the role of Foehn wind on forest fires in Gilan province and forest fire prediction methods. For this purpose, fire statistics of Gilan forests were selected during the statistical period (2002 - 2006) and synoptic maps of sea level were investigated during fire. The results of this study showed that the two cyclone patterns of northern Europe and migratory high-pressure have been effective in the Foehn phenomenon of the southern Alborz slopes. By studying the first method of prediction (Factor B of Angstrom risk) of fire caused by the Foehn phenomenon it is concluded that the migratory high-pressure system is the main cause of Foehn and fire in the region.
Zoleikha Bagheri (Translator)
Volume 10, Issue 37 , May 2001, , Pages 31-34
Abstract
Is human being the only intelligent creature of this vast universe or are there other intelligent beings elsewhere? This question has always been raised by philosophers and people have given it different answers in each period of history. What is our answer to this question? Today, with the advent of ...
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Is human being the only intelligent creature of this vast universe or are there other intelligent beings elsewhere? This question has always been raised by philosophers and people have given it different answers in each period of history. What is our answer to this question? Today, with the advent of technology and modern computers, astronomers have achieved successes in this field more than ever before.In this paper, findings of astronomers about the possibility of life in other areas are discussed. At first, Peter Stanley tried to consider this issue from a biological point of view. John Roland has introduced the findings of astronomers. Barry Jones pointed out that amateurs could also play a role in exploring intelligence in the universe beyond the earth, and, finally, Bill Rose looked at the question in another way and investigated about whether the earth had been ever met by intelligent creatures from another world, and also about recognition of flying saucers. The question now arises whether there are other intelligent beings other than human beings at a place in the universe.
Mohammad Rauf Heydarifar; Naser Rezaie
Volume 23, Issue 89 , May 2014, , Pages 32-42
Abstract
Trend of security issues in Iran’s western borders, including Kermanshah province shows some threats and problems caused by borders’ intrinsic attributes. The present study seeks to present an appropriate study of the geographic-political situation of the province’s borders, help to ...
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Trend of security issues in Iran’s western borders, including Kermanshah province shows some threats and problems caused by borders’ intrinsic attributes. The present study seeks to present an appropriate study of the geographic-political situation of the province’s borders, help to manage present threats and opportunities by a more comprehensive understanding of borders features and facilities, and suggests appropriate solutions to face and neutralize these threats. The study affects our understanding of the province’s borders, helps in gaining a strategic position for the province, and influence Iran-Iraq relations. We hope that this research opens an appropriate and effective way to develop borders and increase our knowledge of Kermanshah province from a geopolitical standpoint (which has not been addressed comprehensively).
Hasan Lashkari; Maryam Sabuei
Volume 22, Issue 87 , November 2013, , Pages 32-38
Abstract
In order to investigate the dominant patterns in atmosphere during the occurrence of dust storm in Khuzestan province, time and date of occurrence were exploited from 11 synoptic stations during 1997 to 2006. Afterwards, 19 dust storm were exploited which involved at least 6 stations and lasted at least ...
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In order to investigate the dominant patterns in atmosphere during the occurrence of dust storm in Khuzestan province, time and date of occurrence were exploited from 11 synoptic stations during 1997 to 2006. Afterwards, 19 dust storm were exploited which involved at least 6 stations and lasted at least for 2 days, and their related 00, 850, 700 hectopascal pressure level maps were explored. The results identifies 4 dominant patterns during the occurrence of dust storm in Khuzestan province: a) Pakistani low pressure system at ground level, trough at 850 and 700 hectopascal level, b) low pressure system at ground level, trough at 850 and ridge at 700 hectopascal level, c) low pressure system at ground level, ridge at 850 and 700 hectopascal level, d) dynamic Mediterranean low pressure and Siberian high pressure system, trough at 850 and 700 hectopascal level.
Mohammad Abbaasi
Volume 17, Issue 66 , August 2008, , Pages 32-34
Abstract
Gully erosion is one of the types of ever-intensified water erosion whose occurrence and spread makes noticeable changes in terms of land degradation and environmental destruction. Considering the diversity and extent of the effect of various factors on the formation and expansion of gully erosion, which ...
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Gully erosion is one of the types of ever-intensified water erosion whose occurrence and spread makes noticeable changes in terms of land degradation and environmental destruction. Considering the diversity and extent of the effect of various factors on the formation and expansion of gully erosion, which change from one point to another in terms of type and extent of effects, and in order to identify the most important factors contributing to the development of gully erosion on the lands, in this research, IRS satellite imagery of India, field inspection and vast field operations through GPS were used and the map of gully erosion distribution was prepared In order to identify, by aerial photographs to a scale of 1:20,000, the ways of preventing and controlling this type of erosion in the basin of Rahjerd, which is a watershed located in the province of Qom. Studies showed that lithology characteristics, slope, resources and land suitability, direction of slope and land use are the main factors affecting the occurrence of gully erosion. The results of this study showed that the lithological units of 25.88 per cent Mpa.bvt and 74.12 per cent QFt2 and the land type of fan debris flow in the form of gravel (alluvial fan) have affected 100% of the areas struck by gully erosion. In addition, the slope of 0-10% (93.6%), eastward slope (63.09%), and medium range pastures use (100%) have the most expanses of areas affected by gully erosion in the studied basin area.
Zahra Izadi
Volume 22, SEPEHR , April 2013, , Pages 33-39
Abstract
Across the earth, many different ecosystems exist in water and land. Six ecosystems are visible just in land, desert ecosystem is one of which.
Nowadays, desert is one of the most sensitive ecosystems of the world. Since it has the required situation of life and living creatures, so that human beings ...
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Across the earth, many different ecosystems exist in water and land. Six ecosystems are visible just in land, desert ecosystem is one of which.
Nowadays, desert is one of the most sensitive ecosystems of the world. Since it has the required situation of life and living creatures, so that human beings could adapt themselves with the situations and continue their life.
Since this ecosystem covers a vast expanse of our country, it is necessary to consider and investigate it. Every year, many animals and plants die and the residents of this ecosystem emigrate due to human negligence.
In this regard, the present article introduces and investigates desert ecosystem in Iran to clarify its status in the country. It also focuses on the importance of this ecosystem in Iranian natural environment and encourage the authorities to prevent the destruction of this ecosystem.
Mojtaba Ghadiri Ma'sum; Hassan Karimzadeh; Bahman Sahneh
Volume 17, Issue 67 , October 2008, , Pages 35-46
Abstract
The present study describes and compares the spatial method and spatial statistics by a combination of different methods of science in different fields such as multiple criteria analysis of GIS. The ultimate goal of this method is to assess the appropriateness of the area in question in order to determine ...
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The present study describes and compares the spatial method and spatial statistics by a combination of different methods of science in different fields such as multiple criteria analysis of GIS. The ultimate goal of this method is to assess the appropriateness of the area in question in order to determine the optimal location for landfill. In this context, the first step is the formation of a hierarchical structure of multiple criteria. Next, it is using the spatial analysis process to establish evaluation criteria, these based on the laws of Greece and the European Union, and also on the basis of practical and feasible international guidelines. The relative importance of the assessment criteria is determined based on the hierarchical structure and, using simple weighing model, suitable sites for landfill in the study area are determined. as a result, suitable locations are ranked from 0 to 10, which is from the lowest to the best, respectively. The last stage is the process of spatial clusters, which are designed to represent the most appropriate area. The initial ranking permits the selection of suitable places for burial from among existing places. The application and implementation of the proposed method on the Lemnos island in the north of the Aegean Sea showed that 9.3% of the studied area was suitable for burials above the 9th level.
Alireza Dowlatabadi (Translator)
Volume 5, Issue 18 , August 1996, , Pages 38-40
Abstract
Non-invasive diagnosis is one of the medical disciplines that is daily rising in importance. In many methods in this field, the way of utilizing ultrasound, X-rays, magnetic resonance and exit of positrons depend on the use of objective and direct information, which indicates the powerful equipment used ...
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Non-invasive diagnosis is one of the medical disciplines that is daily rising in importance. In many methods in this field, the way of utilizing ultrasound, X-rays, magnetic resonance and exit of positrons depend on the use of objective and direct information, which indicates the powerful equipment used by physicians. In various fields of medical research, biology and applications stipulating imaging in the near range, remote sensing is considered a necessary method for data acquisition. Photogrammetry is the basis of technology and principles of the ways whose implementation requires spatial image information.
Parviz Abdi; Mohaamad Reza Hassanlou
Volume 15, Issue 60 , February 2006, , Pages 40-43
Abstract
One of the biggest problems concerning natural resources is the issue of soil erosion. With loss of soil, the most important source of human production is eliminated, a disaster which is impossible to compensate for. In order to accurately identify the factors of soil degradation, exact basic information ...
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One of the biggest problems concerning natural resources is the issue of soil erosion. With loss of soil, the most important source of human production is eliminated, a disaster which is impossible to compensate for. In order to accurately identify the factors of soil degradation, exact basic information is needed. Today the existence of instrumentation systems and different models have enabled human being to store and, if necessary, recover basic information. In this paper, using the P.S.I.A.C model and capabilities of the GIS system, the lands belonging to Taham Chay basin are evaluated for erosion and sedimentation. For this purpose, the combination of PSIAC and GIS models can estimate the erosion severity and the amount of sediment produced in basins. Considering that topographic maps, slopes, directions and geology are all instrumental in determination of homogeneous units, these data were entered into the system's environment (GIS) as information layers, and after processing and organizing them, the classification and scoring of each of the effective factors in the intensity of erosion and sedimentation were carried out according to the P.S.I.A.C model. Finally, by summing up the scores of each of these layers, the final score is extracted, and based on this the intensity of erosion and sedimentation of the studied area is determined. According to the results of this research and previous experiments, this method can be used in areas where the erosion and sedimentation intensities are “low” to “very low”. Furthermore, in comparison to the amount of sediment obtained through the method in question with the actual amount measured in the hydrometric station set in the outlet of the basin, it was observed that the estimated result is in acceptable consistency with the measured values.
Mohammad Hosein Ramesht; Ozra Daneshi Maskooni
Volume 23, SEPEHR , July 2014, , Pages 41-47
Abstract
Nature tourism which is referred to as ecotourism, is a kind of tourism in which the tourists visit natural landscape without damaging nature. Geotourism or geological tourism is an ecotourism-related field which introduces geological phenomena to tourists while sustaining spatial identity. Geotourists ...
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Nature tourism which is referred to as ecotourism, is a kind of tourism in which the tourists visit natural landscape without damaging nature. Geotourism or geological tourism is an ecotourism-related field which introduces geological phenomena to tourists while sustaining spatial identity. Geotourists seeks to visit geomorphological attractions, ancient anthropological findings, caves, mine attractions, and etc. Comprehensive identification of prone areas for Nature and geological tourism and a precise planning to find resources of these areas are among necessary solutions for developing tourism industry. The present article seeks to investigate morphological forms and procedures influencing tourism in Kerman, recognize tourism attractions, and determine spatial priorities for selecting appropriate places to build tourism attractions in the area. Applied and descriptive-analytic research method is used. The study observes, describes and defines different parts of the area and it is performed as a secondary research and field study. In the present article, locating ecotourism in Kerman province is performed using citation method. A comprehensive view of different parts of the province and unique attractions of the area are presented, so that we can use available potentials to attract tourists. Kerman province is introduced as one of the most attractive places in regard to Nature tourism.
Mofid Shateri
Volume 21, Issue 83 , November 2012, , Pages 42-44
Abstract
Darwinism which goes back to ancient times and around 5 B.C was scientifically introduced by Darwin in 19th century and have influenced different sciences like geography. Under this influence, new schools like geographic determinism and evolutionism emerged which then help in the creation of important ...
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Darwinism which goes back to ancient times and around 5 B.C was scientifically introduced by Darwin in 19th century and have influenced different sciences like geography. Under this influence, new schools like geographic determinism and evolutionism emerged which then help in the creation of important ideologies like Fascism, Nazism, and aid proponents of this beliefs in rising to power.
Important theories like Ratzel’s critical environment theory explain the relation between geography and these ideas. However, new ways of thinking have developed in geography in contrast with these theories and schools. Discussions in geography of social anarchism by French geographer, Elisee Reclus, and Russian geographer, Petro Kroptkin are among these. The present article briefly refers to and investigates social Darwinism, mutual relation and influences of geography and this school, while explaining geographical space and the role of geographers.
