Leila Eshrati; Amir Mahmoodzadeh; Masoud Taghvaei
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Many built-up areas are threatened by multiple hazards which pose significant threats to humans, buildings and infrastructure. However, the analysis of the physical vulnerability towards multiple hazards is a ...
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Extended Abstract
Many built-up areas are threatened by multiple hazards which pose significant threats to humans, buildings and infrastructure. However, the analysis of the physical vulnerability towards multiple hazards is a field that still receives little attention, although vulnerability analysis and assessment can contribute significantly to risk reduction efforts. In this paper, an indicator-based vulnerability approach, the PTVA (Papathoma Tsunami Vulnerability Assessment), was further developed to be applicable in a multi-hazard context. The resulting multi-hazard version of the PTVA consists of four steps: the identification of the study area and relevant hazards as well as the acquisition of hazard information, the determination of vulnerability indicators and collection of data, the weighting of factors and vulnerability assessment, and finally, the consideration of hazard vulnerability. After the introduction of the newly developed methodology, a pilot application is carried out in a part of Shiraz municipality located in the Iran. In this case study the vulnerability of buildings and humans is assessed. The implementation of the methodology leads to reasonable results indicating the vulnerable buildings and supporting the priority setting of different end-users according to their objectives. The constraints of the presented methodology are: a) the fact that the method is not hazard-intensity specific, thus, vulnerability is measured in a rather qualitative and relative way, b) the high amount of data required for its performance, and c) Indicator-based vulnerability approaches are flexible and can be adjusted to the different hazards as well as to specific user needs.
Introduction
Multi hazard pose a serious threat to human life. It can cause considerable damages. The evaluation of the expected losses due to multi hazard requires a risk assessment. Multi-hazard risk assessment allows the identification of the most endangered areas and suggests where further detailed studies have to be carried out.
Aim: This study aims to give a new methodology for Multi-Hazard Risk Assessment that makes the comparability analysis of vulnerability easier for different hazards and accounts for possible triggering (domino) effects.
Methodology
Methods used in this paper are based on theoretical approach and documentation. Two types of hazards will be assessed, namely earthquake and fire following earthquake.
Statistical Analysis: Semi-quantitative and quantitative approach would assess risk rates at both regional and local levels.
Results and discussion
In this study, representation of a new methodology for multi hazards risk assessment includes determination of a model with parameters, consideration of the indicator-based pattern of vulnerability assessment that selected all of the relevant indicators and presented new classification of indicators based on comparison to different hazards and possible triggering (domino) effects. This means that a potential multi-hazard indicator could be higher than the simple aggregation of single risk indicators calculation.
Conclusion
The focus is on establishing a general overview of the emerging issues, and indicating how hazard relations can be considered in multi-hazard studies. The hazard relations are identified and studied by means of a new method and the overlay of hazard areas to determine overlaps in final multi hazards map.
Masoud Taghvaei; Fahimeh Soleimani
Volume 20, Issue 79 , November 2011, , Pages 66-73
Abstract
Flood is an exceptional, extreme water stream that may be overflowed from the natural bed of the river and occupy the land around the bed. Flooding can be the result of heavy rain, quick melting of snow and ice, or the destruction of dams. Whatever the reason for this process, when it enters the urban ...
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Flood is an exceptional, extreme water stream that may be overflowed from the natural bed of the river and occupy the land around the bed. Flooding can be the result of heavy rain, quick melting of snow and ice, or the destruction of dams. Whatever the reason for this process, when it enters the urban areas, it causes damage and sometimes heavy casualties, as the city invades the natural hydrological spaces (rivers and river beds) during its development.
Over the past few decades, new methods have been developed to deal with floods, and these methods are of a more pre-emptive and non-therapeutic nature. By laying down and implementing specific plans for urban land use, regulations and laws, as well as education of people, flood damage can be reduced and minimized, while avoiding heavily costs of the construction of flood control structures.
In this regard, the present study, by documentary study, identifies the effects of natural factors (precipitation) and the resulting crisis in urban planning, which results in attention to crisis management in urban planning in order to prevent flooding and reduce rainfall damages as well as extending the optimal use of rainwater in a variety of aspects.
Masoud Taghvaei; Parvin Shafiei
Volume 20, Issue 77 , May 2011, , Pages 44-48
Abstract
Ardestan (located in Isfahan province) is one of the counties whose population has always faced fluctuations during the past years. Considering the low population growth rate in Ardestan, it is expected that in 2016 its population will reach about 411 thousand people. Immigration is one of the important ...
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Ardestan (located in Isfahan province) is one of the counties whose population has always faced fluctuations during the past years. Considering the low population growth rate in Ardestan, it is expected that in 2016 its population will reach about 411 thousand people. Immigration is one of the important causes of population fluctuations in this city.
Masoud Taghvaii; Hamid Reza Hakimi
Volume 19, Issue 75 , November 2010, , Pages 42-49
Abstract
Urban crises after the unexpected incidents, especially earthquakes, are among the ongoing problems of urban societies and are becoming more and more important with the concentration of population in urban areas and the accumulation of activity and residence in them. Today, "pre-crisis planning" is one ...
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Urban crises after the unexpected incidents, especially earthquakes, are among the ongoing problems of urban societies and are becoming more and more important with the concentration of population in urban areas and the accumulation of activity and residence in them. Today, "pre-crisis planning" is one of the three areas of activity that is considered in agenda 21 on the development of human settlement planning and management in disaster-prone areas. (Travati, Hamid and Seyyed Amir Ayat, 1998, p. 81). Therefore, it is important that the crisis management planning recognize its position in the development of cities of our country more seriously, especially metropolises, and in this case the role of the green and open spaces in the planning of crisis management are undeniable. Therefore, in this paper, we tried to rely on the secondary and documentary data, field observations and surveys, and the use of quantitative analysis to evaluate the green spaces of the city of Borujen and assess the city's ability to face crises (especially earthquakes). The results of the studies clearly indicate a relatively favorable situation for green and open spaces in this city. But in order to achieve the desired status, measures should be taken to develop and normally re-distribute green spaces and equip them with suitable facilities in this city. Increasing the extent of green spaces is only justified by the role of the city as the supportive center of the province in the planning of crisis management.
Mas'oud Taghvaei; Elham Amirhajlou
Volume 17, Issue 65 , May 2008, , Pages 52-59
Abstract
It has been proved today that efficient urban management is not practical without utilizing up-to-date information on land uses and trends of their changes, the type and extent of activities, physical growth of the city, and so on. Hence a need for various information equipment in this regard has been ...
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It has been proved today that efficient urban management is not practical without utilizing up-to-date information on land uses and trends of their changes, the type and extent of activities, physical growth of the city, and so on. Hence a need for various information equipment in this regard has been developed, and the amount of up-to-date information has increased in organizations associated with urban affairs. The Global Positioning System (GPS), as one of the most important and reliable positioning technologies and the Geographic Information System (GIS) as a reference system of reception and optimal management of positional information, plays an important role in position-based analyses. The combination of these two systems provides new and comprehensive capabilities in position-based management.
Mas'oud Taghvaei; Morteza Fazeli
Volume 16, Issue 64 , February 2008, , Pages 57-60
Abstract
The rapid growth of urbanization and the growth of metropolitan cities in developing countries, the movement of today's and tomorrow's economy towards urban characteristics, the imposition of environmental and geographical conditions on societies, and the alignment of the world toward a unified system ...
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The rapid growth of urbanization and the growth of metropolitan cities in developing countries, the movement of today's and tomorrow's economy towards urban characteristics, the imposition of environmental and geographical conditions on societies, and the alignment of the world toward a unified system has led the necessity of a multifaceted science called urban management be increasingly felt. Lightning and thunderbolts are two very interesting phenomena in the face of which human beings have long been doomed, and it has not been long since they have been able, by relying on the science of electrical conduction, to save their lives and their structures from unpredictable invasions of thunderbolt. In this research, which is conducted by the secondary method, information from different sources and books is collected and classified using note-taking method. The findings of this research show that the broad dimensions of casualties and losses caused by thunderbolt necessitates extensive research in the field of optimization and immunization of cities. In this regard, in urban development plans, reducing the vulnerability of citizens and society to lightning phenomena is necessary. Therefore, for sustainable development, cities must work towards sustainability. It is according to this view that cities and citizens should be trained in ways, including crisis drills, to enhance their readiness in order to be able to deal with natural disasters (thunderbolt), and so be able to survive and grow.
Mas'oud Taghvaei; Ali Zangi Abadi; Seyyed Hassan Nourbakhsh
Volume 16, Issue 62 , August 2007, , Pages 17-25
Abstract
The study of urban development and recognizing the cities’ weaknesses and strengths, potentials and shortcomings provide a suitable basis for providing strategies and applying appropriate urban development plans, as well as establishing a balanced urban network system. The separate study of the ...
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The study of urban development and recognizing the cities’ weaknesses and strengths, potentials and shortcomings provide a suitable basis for providing strategies and applying appropriate urban development plans, as well as establishing a balanced urban network system. The separate study of the development of each urban settlement on regional scale (province) is not possible due to the diversity of their characteristics and, if done, the results would not be desirable. Therefore, it is possible to categorize urban points according to their developmental level by accessing certain amount of information about urban development and then classifying these points in different ways. Various methods exist in this regard, such as taxonomic analysis (1), Guttman scalogram (2), factor analysis (3), cluster analysis (4), and so on. In this paper, 25 normalized urban development indexes are selected, and using factor analysis method which is one of the most complex and at the same time one of the best methods of classification, the considered indexes and their reduction were analyzed through several more meaningful factors. Then, based on the obtained results (factor scores) and using the cluster analysis method, the classification of the cities of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province in terms of the level of development into homogeneous and similar groups has been carried out.
Mas'oud Taghvaii; Golshan Moradi
Volume 15, Issue 57 , May 2006, , Pages 9-15
Abstract
The suitability of physical framework to achieve equal opportunities for all individuals and sectors of the population in order to move around the city and have access to all urban spaces is one of the essential elements of a community’s growth and development. It is now fifteen years since the ...
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The suitability of physical framework to achieve equal opportunities for all individuals and sectors of the population in order to move around the city and have access to all urban spaces is one of the essential elements of a community’s growth and development. It is now fifteen years since the first set of rules and regulations for urban development and architecture concerning disabled people were prepared in Iran, but the current status of passages indicates the failure of these regulations in practice. The number of disabled people is increasing day by day due to the problems and obstacles in the city and the increase in accidents and other incidents in the country. But unfortunately, proper and adequate measures have not been taken to suit the urban environment, including passages that are among the most important urban areas for disabled people. The purpose of this study is to examine the passages of Isfahan city using regulations and criteria collected from different sources in order to improve the well-being of the disabled people in Isfahan city. In order to achieve this goal, using a secondary method as well as a combination of analytical methods, field surveys, questionnaires and interviews with the disabled and the visually impaired, the 78 main and secondary passages of Isfahan city have been examined and the results have been presented through tables, charts and maps. At the end, suggestions have been made to remove existing obstacles and problems and to organize the status of the passages.
Mas'oud Taghva'ei; Behnam Moghani
Volume 14, Issue 55 , November 2005, , Pages 13-16
Abstract
The increasing population growth of the country over the last two decades and the exponential increase of young population make it necessary to pay attention to new strategies for creating employment. The existence of potential for tourism around the country which has made Iran a capable country in this ...
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The increasing population growth of the country over the last two decades and the exponential increase of young population make it necessary to pay attention to new strategies for creating employment. The existence of potential for tourism around the country which has made Iran a capable country in this field, and using this potential for income and employment generation can be one of these solutions. The city of Firoozabad has a relatively high population growth. Considering the tourist attractions of Firoozabad, and considering special sensitivity of young people’s employment, tourism can be used as a way for creating employment and dealing with the challenge of unemployment. Accordingly, in this paper, considering the population structure and the number of arrival of tourists to Firoozabad, a study has been made of major occupational groups and the level of employment that tourism can provide, and finally a solution has been suggested in this regard. The main method of research is analysis of the statistics and information available in relation to the purpose of the study.
Mas'ud Taghva'ei; Marziyyeh Shahverdian
Volume 12, Issue 47 , November 2003, , Pages 46-55
Abstract
Parks and green spaces are very valuable because of their dual role, namely recreational importance as well as impact on preservation and balance of urban environment, mitigation of pollution and cleansing air, and reduction of spiritual and physical exhaustion. The role of these spaces is not limited ...
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Parks and green spaces are very valuable because of their dual role, namely recreational importance as well as impact on preservation and balance of urban environment, mitigation of pollution and cleansing air, and reduction of spiritual and physical exhaustion. The role of these spaces is not limited to recreational issues, therefore they need to be considered by planners independently.Attention to criteria such as characteristics of flowers and trees, their arrangement, their applications in different places and conditions on the one hand, and taking into account of human issues such as the tendencies and feelings of human beings, their behavioral patterns, the culture of parks (dealing with and using them), the proper equipment and facilities, habits, customs and countless issues of the same kinds on the other, necessitate an accurate and comprehensive design. In this paper, we have tried to study the above materials in a detailed way so that they can meet the different needs of readers and people of different ages and social groups.
Mas'ud Taghva'ei; Parvin Shafi'ei
Volume 12, Issue 46 , August 2003, , Pages 44-50
Abstract
Planning is a deliberate process that anticipates a series of actions and related activities in the future in order to achieve specific goals. Planning methods can be considered in two horizontal (decentralization) and vertical (centralization) aspects. A study on decentralization and its role in rural ...
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Planning is a deliberate process that anticipates a series of actions and related activities in the future in order to achieve specific goals. Planning methods can be considered in two horizontal (decentralization) and vertical (centralization) aspects. A study on decentralization and its role in rural development is an important issue that should be considered. In fact, the city and the countryside should be considered as one organism in which the relations between the city and the village should be considered with a view to decentralization, because the excessive attention to cities and centralization have stopped the growth of villages and led to evil growth of cities. In the long term, this is beneficial neither to cities not villages; therefore, and because of the importance of this discussion in all economic, social and political spheres, we are going to present the concept of decentralization.
Mas'ud Taghva'ei; Parvin Shafi'ei
Volume 11, Issue 43 , November 2002, , Pages 10-20
Abstract
Ardestan County lies between the east longitude of 52 degrees and 22 minutes and north latitude of 33 degrees and 22 degrees. It is limited on the north to salt pan, on the south to Isfahan, on the east to the city of Na’ine and on the west to the cities of Natanz and Kashan. It is 1209 meters ...
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Ardestan County lies between the east longitude of 52 degrees and 22 minutes and north latitude of 33 degrees and 22 degrees. It is limited on the north to salt pan, on the south to Isfahan, on the east to the city of Na’ine and on the west to the cities of Natanz and Kashan. It is 1209 meters above sea level, its highest point is 3200 meters and it is approximately 17643 kilometers. Its population is 45150 people, and it consists of 3 cities called Ardestan, Zavareh and Mahabad, 2 central districts and 7 rural districts.In terms of the geographical location of the city, it has a good position among the cities of the country because it is located on the main strategic route connecting the north to the south. This is the reason why the city continues its life in spite of difficult environmental conditions. The Tehran – Kerman railroad crosses the city (between Zavareh and Ardestan), a special privilege enjoyed only by a few cities. There is a certain kind of relationship between the city and the surrounding countryside which need to be carefully reviewed.
Mas'oud Taghvaei; Shirin Arsian
Volume 11, Issue 42 , August 2002, , Pages 60-64
Abstract
Ecotourism is a type of tourism that emphasizes natural attractions (Edington Ecotourism, 1995), and which needs, above all else, to establish a relationship between human and nature, especially in certain areas of the planet where nature shows a harsher face. Therefore, in this article, the necessity ...
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Ecotourism is a type of tourism that emphasizes natural attractions (Edington Ecotourism, 1995), and which needs, above all else, to establish a relationship between human and nature, especially in certain areas of the planet where nature shows a harsher face. Therefore, in this article, the necessity and manner of this relationship and the effective role of man in this regard have been considered, and by studying the climate as one of the most important factors in the environment, the climatic characteristics of the Polar Regions have been examined in terms of specific conditions caused by them in tourism industry. Finally, we have studied ice hotels as the best example of using one of the world's most violent natural environments as tourist attractions. This example can be a model for territories that have a violent and different character of nature.
Masoud Taghvaei; Parvin Shafi'ei
Volume 10, Issue 40 , February 2001, , Pages 39-44
Abstract
Study on rural industries is undoubtedly one of the most important economic necessities, because population growth and consequently the reduction of facilities cause unemployment unless some of these deficiencies and problems are reduced and diminished.Therefore, industrialization of villages in its ...
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Study on rural industries is undoubtedly one of the most important economic necessities, because population growth and consequently the reduction of facilities cause unemployment unless some of these deficiencies and problems are reduced and diminished.Therefore, industrialization of villages in its real sense is one of the important functions in terms of employment, raising the income of individuals and ultimately preventing migrations from villages to cities, because the villagers' departure from villages will not only not solve the problem of villages but indeed intensify them. Considering that rural industries are complementary to the agricultural and animal husbandry sectors, we intend to examine this issue and, in general, define rural industries and their characteristics, classify them and study the importance of development and support methods, the problems of establishing these industries, the difference between urban and rural industries and the position of these industries in Iran's economy.It is hoped that this effort will show a way forward for the future and the authorities to stop the continuous rural migrations by developing rural industries and creating employment.
