Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)

Biological Consequences of Climate Change

Ali Baratian

Volume 16, Issue 63 , November 2007, , Pages 26-28

Abstract

Throughout history and throughout the centuries, humans and other living organisms have adapted to the climate and environmental conditions of their residence. However, existing estimates indicate that the consequences of climate change and its effects on the environment are noteworthy. Atmosphere pollutants, ... Read More

The Status of Climatology in Urban Planning

Mohsen Madadi; Ali Baratian

Volume 15, Issue 58 , August 2006, , Pages 46-53

Abstract

Urban landscape creates a certain local climate that distinguishes it from the rural landscape around it. This is confirmed by the presence of a thermal island and by studies that show that over a quiet and clear-sky night the temperature of the city and that of the village differ above 12 degrees of ... Read More

Mechanisms of Cloud Fertilization

Ali Baratian

Volume 13, Issue 52 , February 2004, , Pages 15-18

Abstract

Humanity has long been trying to prevent rain floods and storms, and hoped to have the opportunity to control weather and atmospheric phenomena.In recent years, there have been a great deal of discussions about artificial rain. It is supposed, or even promised, that it can be possible, irrespective of ... Read More Humanity has long been trying to prevent rain floods and storms, and hoped to have the opportunity to control weather and atmospheric phenomena.In recent years, there have been a great deal of discussions about artificial rain. It is supposed, or even promised, that it can be possible, irrespective of location and time, to produce the required rainfall.This has created more hope and expectation for artificial rainfall in human society. Today, with the rapid advent of meteorological knowledge and advancements in technology of data exchange, the thought of interfering in atmospheric events has seriously entered the realms of research and experimentation. But so far, meteorologists have come to the conclusion that it is possible to make preparations for accelerating or delaying some of the effects of climate only on a small scale.In recent decades, many efforts and research have been made to change the natural rate of condensation and precipitation processes in order to achieve goals such as artificial precipitation, mist elimination (especially at airports) and hail lightening, all of which relies on the present knowledge of human beings in the field of cloud physics. The onset of precipitation processes (solids or liquids) requires the presence of water droplets and precipitation kernels in appropriate size and sufficient quantities per unit volume. The nuclei spray method, evaluation of fog dispersion operations at airports, roads, sports fields, etc are also utilized. In general, the technology of fertilizing clouds has been considered by the researchers in the field of climate modification in three main categories, including: 1 . Limited and temporary control of precipitation 2 . Fog dispersion 3 . Hail prevention Due to diversity of climatic conditions in different regions and also geographical and topographical characteristics of each region, a method with a unique fertilizer can not be introduced for all geographical areas and climatic conditions.

Synoptic Analysis of Drought in Hamadan Province

Ali Baratian

Volume 11, Issue 44 , February 2002, , Pages 19-24

Abstract

Today, considering the many problems that drought has caused, the need to conduct studies to anticipate and counteract it seems critical. A careful study of this phenomenon requires comprehensive and specialized studies that will include all the factors that affect it. In this paper, the role of synoptic ... Read More

Assessment of Evapotranspiration in Hamedan Province

Ali Baratian; Zohreh Merianji

Volume 10, Issue 40 , February 2001, , Pages 61-64

Abstract

Evaporation is the process of change of water into steam in which water molecules leave the surface of water by receiving 600 Calories. This process can be carried out either from the surface of open water or soil or by plants. The amount of water that plants release into the atmosphere is called transpiration.The ... Read More Evaporation is the process of change of water into steam in which water molecules leave the surface of water by receiving 600 Calories. This process can be carried out either from the surface of open water or soil or by plants. The amount of water that plants release into the atmosphere is called transpiration.The amount of evaporation from soil and plant surfaces cannot be separated, so the sum of the two is called evapotranspiration. The significance of evapotranspiration can be witnessed by considering the fact that 57% of the water which falls on lands all over the world is directly evaporated.The factors affecting evaporation are many, including: solar radiation, moisture content in nature, wind and its speed. The sun's radiation provides the energy needed for evaporation; hence during the day and in the summer there is more energy for evaporation due to more radiation, and evaporation is at its peak at this time. The same is true about northern latitudes. The humidity or degree of air saturation is also effective in evaporation, as evaporation in dry air is more than humid air; furthermore, wind intensifies evaporation by removing the saturation layer and replacing dry air. Measurement of evapotranspiration in different regions is important in several respects: First, it controls the humidity of the region through evaporation, and therefore its measurement can be effective in determining the type of the region’s climate. Secondly, evaporation from the surface of rivers, lakes and various reservoirs causes water losses that need to be calculated. Thirdly, evapotranspiration from the vegetation within the basin area, which is also considered as water loss, is regarded as an important component of water cycle. Fourthly, the amount of water used in irrigation schemes for agriculture and trees is also based on evapotranspiration, and determination of dimensions of irrigation networks is directly related to the amount and time of the loss of water entered into atmosphere through evapotranspiration. Since the province of Hamedan is considered as one of the agricultural regions of the country, it is necessary to study evapotranspiration and its amount in this province in order to estimate the actual needs of plant to water and also further the economic development of the region. Measurement of evapotranspiration is carried out in two ways: the direct method, which is measured by the lysimeter and evaporation pan, etc., and the second method, which is an experimental measurement in which practical formulas and equations are used to estimate the evapotranspiration rate.

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Author = Ali Baratian

Biological Consequences of Climate Change

Abstract

The Status of Climatology in Urban Planning

Abstract

Mechanisms of Cloud Fertilization

Abstract

Synoptic Analysis of Drought in Hamadan Province

Abstract

Assessment of Evapotranspiration in Hamedan Province

Abstract