Mohammad Eskandari; Mahdi Modiri; Babak Omidvar; Aliasghar Alesheikh; Mohammadali Nekooie; Ali Alidoosti
Abstract
Abstract The earthquake phenomenon is a natural disaster that causes many fatal, financial and environmental damages every year. Iran is extremely vulnerable to earthquakes due to its seismicity and its location on the earthquake belt. Also, a large number of facilities were built before the formulation ...
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Abstract The earthquake phenomenon is a natural disaster that causes many fatal, financial and environmental damages every year. Iran is extremely vulnerable to earthquakes due to its seismicity and its location on the earthquake belt. Also, a large number of facilities were built before the formulation of earthquake resistant standards and, unfortunately, the quality of construction in some cases in the country is not optimal. Therefore, considering the suspicious behavior of the networks regarding the occurrence of possible earthquakes, the issues of assessing the seismic vulnerability of critical infrastructure are of particular importance. In this paper, a model has been presented in which, first, the risk analysis of the area of interest (based on the two existing attenuation relations for the country) is carried out, which, given the uncertainties involving in the earthquake occurrence (including magnitude of earthquake, focal depth and position of the earthquake epicenter), this operation is randomly selected at each time of the analysis, and after each hazard analysis, the outputs resulting from the earthquake hazard including the maximum acceleration values, the maximum speed and the displacement of the ground are calculated. If the area has a landslide or liquefaction potential, then the outputs resulted from the earth fault risk, including the values of liquefaction and landslide displacements, should be introduced into the model for each feature. Then, seismic vulnerability functions are used which are placed on the model database for both ground shaking hazard and ground failure for the arteries. At the end, based on the existing vulnerability functions, the network damage analysis is dealt with. All these steps are for a single analysis. Therefore, based on the Monte Carlo simulation, all of these operations are repeated 10,000 times to include all uncertainties and failure states, and the outputs in the database are averaged to account for all failure states. For this purpose, due to the large volume of descriptive and spatial data, on the other hand, large spatial analysis of data and the high volume of mathematical equations for repetition of operations, coding in the Visual Studio environment with the C # programming language was done, using the Net Framework and Arc Engine libraries which led to the production of a software system using a database and with spatial analysis and deduction capabilities based on spatial information systems (GIS) that could assess the possible slight, moderate, extensive and complete failure rates of each artery separately in the form of maps and tables for each feature. In this paper, to better illustrate this research, the existing model for the city of Neyshabur was implemented and analyzed.
Hasan Ali Faraji Sabokbar; Mahdi Mahdi; Reza Aghataher; Siamak Taghizadeh Ghalejuqi; Saeed Rahimi
Abstract
Disaster, crisis and then the search, rescue and reliefis a cycle frequently repeated in a country like Iran. In this cycle, commonly known as the crisis management cycle, we are constantly faced with a variety of data and outputs from the early stages, namely, determining the risk of areas to the post-crisis ...
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Disaster, crisis and then the search, rescue and reliefis a cycle frequently repeated in a country like Iran. In this cycle, commonly known as the crisis management cycle, we are constantly faced with a variety of data and outputs from the early stages, namely, determining the risk of areas to the post-crisis stages and retrieval, which are somehow related to the location. Collectinginformation both in the pre and post-crisis stages will notbe a very difficult task, as the damaged society is then almost relieved from panic and therefore resources permit the authorities in charge to gather information as requiredHowever, during the crisis andas long as the society is suffering from critical conditions, collecting information such as the depth of damages, damaged areas, risk-prone areas, dispersion of damages, resources, facilities and … will be very useful and obviously difficult. Thus, considering the lack of tools andappropriate technology in the country for gathering information during crisis conditions, this research has focused on gathering information in the crisis management response phase. In this regard, concepts of Telegeoinformatics (TGI) and its various architectures were presented and continued with designing a system for gathering information during earthquake crisis. Finally, an emergency response system was designed and was presented as a software package. Moreover, the model and software of this system was presented in UML for further development by other researchers who are studying in the same fields, which resulted in presentation of suggestions for development of this system using other technologies.
Mir Najaf Mousavi; Mahdi Modiri
Abstract
Development plans are the most important mechanism of government for the realization of justice in society. For this reason, focusing on ecological, economic, physical, social and cultural justice in programming and setting it within the framework of Islamic justice leads to the formation of an equitable ...
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Development plans are the most important mechanism of government for the realization of justice in society. For this reason, focusing on ecological, economic, physical, social and cultural justice in programming and setting it within the framework of Islamic justice leads to the formation of an equitable society and the balanced promotion and progress in all dimensions, areas, strata and various geographical regions of the country. In this regard, land use planning programs are considered as important framework forthe balanced development of the society in all aspects and organizing regional disparities. The purpose of this research is to prioritize the indices of Islamic-Iranian justice in realizing land use planning and balanced development in Iran. The type of research is applied-fundamental, and the applied method is descriptive-analytical. Evaluation Indicators of Islamic-Iranian justice are 35 ecological, physical, economic, social, and cultural justice indexes. The statistical population is 31 provinces of the country. The data collection tool is the study of documents and information of general population and housing censuses in various indicators.Network analysis model and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.. The results of the network analysis model show that economic justice indexes with the highest value of 0.282have the greatest role in regional inequalities among the provinces of the country, because in most of the indicators studied, there are differences in terms of wealth and income distribution, the spread of poverty, the income of households per capita, which lead to the lack of justice realization in the society. Also, the analytical findings of structural equation modeling show that the components of economic justice in different regions of the country are very different. Based on the estimated standardized coefficients of the structural model of the research, the level of significance is equal to 0.079 which indicates the effects of economic factorson regional inequalities in the country with a direct and positive coefficient of 0.86 (9.51). It can be said that these inequalities are due to disregarding the balance in the country, and imbalances areevident in resources, activities, facilities, population, services or accumulation in some population areas including metropolises which arein contradiction with the Islamic justice and fair distribution of services and facilities and leads to questioning social justice. Finally, strategies for organizing regional inequalities within the framework of Islamic justice and the realization of territorial justice have been presented.
Hadi Babapour; Mahdi Mokhtarzadeh; Mohammad Javad Valadanzoj; Mahdi Modiri
Abstract
The importance of spatial-referenceddata in all developmental and research affairs is not overlooked. Among the methods for the preparation and production of spatial data, the photogrammetry method has a unique position due to speed, cost-effectiveness and above all, the lack of need to direct human ...
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The importance of spatial-referenceddata in all developmental and research affairs is not overlooked. Among the methods for the preparation and production of spatial data, the photogrammetry method has a unique position due to speed, cost-effectiveness and above all, the lack of need to direct human presence on the site. In photogrammetric method, airborne cameras play a key role in the success and achievements of other stages, as the main means of providing input data and the first operational loop. Today, technological advances have led to the presentation of high quality digital cameras that promise the provision of the required spatial information by photogrammetric method with high accuracy, speed and efficiency. Given the emergence of new digital cameras and the variety of construction and technology used in these types of cameras, the need for their calibration is recognized as a primary requirement. Considering the high costs and executive problems with performing laboratory calibration, the use of self-calibration equations is considered as one of the most useful solutions in this field. For this purpose, in this paper, the use of Fourier equations with optimal terms derived from the genetic algorithm was proposed, and was evaluated and compared with previous models on the simulated data. Based on the results, this model is able to model multiple distortions with minimal dependency. The accuracy presented for modeling multiple distortions in simulated images of the Ultra Cam digital camerashows an about 30% improvement in modeling accuracy with the least dependency,compared with other additional parameters.
Yasser Ebrahimian GhaJary; Ali Asghar Alesheikh; Mahdi Modiri; Reza Hosnavi; Morteza Abbasi
Abstract
Throughout the history, cities have neverbeen safe due to the damages caused by human and natural disasters. So that inthe past, the cities were the war’s last target, but now with the development of technology, those hindrances have turned into the first wartargets. In fact, what poses war andair ...
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Throughout the history, cities have neverbeen safe due to the damages caused by human and natural disasters. So that inthe past, the cities were the war’s last target, but now with the development of technology, those hindrances have turned into the first wartargets. In fact, what poses war andair raids as a threat, is just the problem ofencountering it and being. One major way to prepare facing such threats, is the knowledge about the degree of its vulnerability whenthey occur. So, it depends on taking up some methodsto diminish the vulnerability instability. Whatthe researchers were looking for, was the modelling the vulnerabilityof the city buildings (one of the most important urbancomponent) in one part of theTehran (region 6 of Tehran municipality). Since vulnerability is made upof various criteria, so the proposed model in this researchis a kind of multi-criteria model (multi attribute decisionmodel), and according to the spatial essence of the criteria, this model has been carried out in GIS (MCDM-GISmodel). Delphi method has been used to survey major vulnerabilityfactors with the help of urban passive defense, structure, andarchitecture experts. The modelling of the 9 criteria has resulted throughAnalytic Hierarchical Process (AHP), and it shows that about 38percent of building has low vulnerability, about 60 percent has mediumvulnerability and 2 percent has high vulnerability (over 60 percent of buildingshas plus-average vulnerability) which shows the necessity for taking actions in order todecrease vulnerability through passive defense.
