Spatial planning with regard to military defense
Ali Mohammadpour; Mohammadreza Eghbal; Afshar Hatami
Abstract
Extended AbstractIntroductionIn today's world, advances in science and technology have led to the emergence of the information revolution and advanced cognitive tools. Space satellites are capable of capturing the entire surface of the earth in great detail. At the same time, the development of electronic ...
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Extended AbstractIntroductionIn today's world, advances in science and technology have led to the emergence of the information revolution and advanced cognitive tools. Space satellites are capable of capturing the entire surface of the earth in great detail. At the same time, the development of electronic warfare, including long-range and guided missiles of mass destruction, remote-controlled weapons and war robots, has posed serious threats to the security and survival of societies. For this purpose, defense-security planning has been designed as an effective solution against the existing threats. The purpose of this study is to organize the defense and security of Khuzestan provinces in order to identify threats and use potential defense and security capabilities. In explaining the relationship between land management and defense-security indicators, the important issue is that in the planning projects that have been discussed so far in the country, only demographic, economic, political, cultural, physical issues are considered and the issue of defense and national security and less considered areas. Is located; Therefore, the relationship between land use planning and defense-security indicators can be examined from different perspectives.MaterialsThe research materials included basic maps obtained from the surveying organization as well as the geographical organization, including maps of critical, critical and important points. In addition, geological maps and other thematic maps have been used.MethodsThis research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. The study area was Khuzestan provinces and the research period was 2016 to 2021. The statistical population of the study was the population of Khuzestan provinces according to the population and housing census data of the Statistics Center in 2016. There was no sample size in this study. The method of data collection was using documentation and survey. Research data for economic and social sectors were obtained from the Statistics Center. Data analysis techniques included frequency tables, descriptive graphs, spatial analysis methods, and spatial statistics techniques.Results & DiscussionIn this study, indicators were studied that can be considered as a representative for a large number of micro and macro indicators. According to these indicators, a picture of the security, defense and defense situation in Khuzestan provinces was shown. It is noteworthy that security cannot be achieved only with the tools of war and the use of military forces, and the threat is not only the existence of a foreign enemy. Rather, any tension that affects the comfort and well-being of the people is considered an insecure element and action must be taken to resolve it. Also, defense is not only the use of weapons and military forces, but also defense mechanisms must be prepared to deal with any insecure elements. Many sabotages in the country can happen without the attack of the enemy forces. In the field of defense planning, there is a need that any action and action for development and planning, must be accompanied by the principles of defense and the correct location of vital, sensitive and important elements. Also, the defense-security planning model showed that defense, security and defense planning pursue three main goals, namely deterrence, capability and self-sufficiency or self-reliance. According to the objectives of the powerful, safe and stable land as the three main arms in defense-security planning. A safe land is a security arrangement and a framework for understanding all the factors that disrupt order and security in the region. Powerful land indicates defense planning, which seeks to provide mechanisms to understand the maximum possible defense of the land and the region. Sustainable land targets defense planning. In this type of arrangement, the main purpose of camouflage is to hide and reduce the effects of possible attacks.ConclusionIn the provinces of Khuzestan and Bushehr, it was found that in addition to military threats, there are other factors that have a civilian aspect; Therefore, in order to establish security and maintain stability in the provinces in question, it is necessary to consider various instances of security, defense and passive defense with a systemic view. Some of these factors have a natural aspect and others have a human aspect including social, cultural, economic, military, technological and political. Therefore, defense-security planning analyzes can consider the most important and effective scientific solutions to deal with military and civilian threats and to establish order and security.
Reza Borna
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Dust is one of the atmospheric and climatic disasters whose occurrence causes environmental damages, respiratory and heart diseases, land and air traffic, tourist and agricultural problems, etc. Considering the great damages of this phenomenon and the possibility ...
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Extended Abstract
Introduction
Dust is one of the atmospheric and climatic disasters whose occurrence causes environmental damages, respiratory and heart diseases, land and air traffic, tourist and agricultural problems, etc. Considering the great damages of this phenomenon and the possibility of an increase in its occurrence in the coming years, the attention of the government and the implementation of appropriate solutions are essential in this regard. It is obvious that, before implementing the operational plans, the appropriate ways of dealing with this phenomenon can be found by having sufficient information and knowledge about it and the way and causes of its occurrence. To this end, it is essential to use the experiences and findings of other countries in this field in order to take a substantial step in this way by applying the right and principled methods. Some of the most important objectives of this research are to identify the factors affecting the dust phenomenon in Khuzestan province, to identify the methods of preventing the effects of dust in Khuzestan province, to use the AHP model for ranking the methods of preventing the effects of dust using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the study area.
Materials & Methods
The methodology of this research is analytical-descriptive, and the research is of applied type. In this research, the meteorological statistics of 12 meteorological synoptic stations of Khuzestan province were used during the period 0f 2001-2014 and, the map of the dispersion of dust storms in Khuzestan province was prepared. Considering the experts’ opinions, the major criteria which include the criteria of individual factors, extraterritorial factors and State factors were determined and then, the sub-criteria were determined for each criterion. After determining the criteria, the hierarchical graph of the criteria was created. Then, the criteria were compared with each other in the pairwise comparison matrices and the weight of each criterion relative to another one was assigned to that criterion in terms of the priority value. After the completion of the paired comparison matrices, the tree of criteria was created in EC2000 software, then, the applied scores were entered into the EC2000 software and the relative weight of each criterion resulted from the sum of the product of the significance of criteria and sub-criteria was obtained. The analysis of the inconsistency rate value is performed by EC2000 software during the pairwise comparison for each set.
Discussion & Results
Based on the yearly frequency of the occurrence of days with dust phenomenon during the 13 year statistical period (2001-2014), a total of 592.7 dusty days has been reported for the province of Khuzestan at the meteorological stations under study. The study of the data of all stations indicated that the highest frequency of dusty days was related to the Omidieh station with 125 days, then Dezful with 84.8 days and the lowest frequency was related to the Behbahan station with 22 days. The criteria studied in the dust phenomenon and the ranking of the methods for preventing its effects in Khuzestan, are diverse and complicated. Effective criteria in the ranking of the methods for preventing the effects of dust phenomenon are individual factors, extraterritorial factors and State factors that, each one of the main criteria has sub-criteria. In order to rank the methods of preventing the effects of dust phenomenon in Khuzestan province, observing the hygiene of houses and residential areas, keeping to personal hygiene (using masks and washing the mouth and nose), forming joint regional working groups (countries affected by dust), utilizing international facilities, adhering to regional and international commitments, Soil conservation programs, conservation and revival of wetlands and water resources, mulching, constructing windbreaks, sprinkling pebble, growing vegetation, providing medical equipment and informing people about the dangers of dust were selected, and using the Analytical Hierarchy Process ( AHP) model and Expert Choice software were evaluated.
Conclusions
The results of the calculations obtained from the application of Expert Choice software show that among the criteria studied, the State factors are the most influential index in ranking the methods of preventing the effects of dust phenomenon in Khuzestan, among other criteria. Considering the analysis of the sensitivity based on efficiency, the State factors criterion is more important than other criteria. In the analysis of sensitivity, individual factors, extraterritorial factors and State factors account for 29.7%, 16.3% and 54% of the total weight, respectively. Among the sub-criteria of individual factors, personal hygiene (using masks and washing the mouth and nose) with a weight of 0.750, accounts for the highest weight in ranking the methods of preventing the effects of dust phenomenon. Observing hygiene in houses and residential areas is at the next priority with a weight of 0.250. Among the sub-criteria of the extraterritorial factors, the formation of regional joint working groups of regional (countries affected by dust) with a weight of 0.540, adherence to the regional obligations has the highest role in the ranking of the methods of preventing the effects of dust phenomenon. The international sub-criterion with a weight of 0.297 and utilizing international facilities within the weight range of 0.163, have the subsequent priorities in the ranking of the methods of preventing the effects of dust phenomenon. Among the sub-criteria of the State factors, informing people about the dangers of dust with the weight of 0.263, soil conservation programs within the weight range of 0.155, providing medical equipment with the weight of 0.147, Conservation and revival of wetlands and water resources with the weight of 0.127 and creation of vegetation with the weight of 0.124 have the highest role in the methods of preventing the effects of dust phenomenon, respectively.
Reza Borna
Abstract
Abstract[1]
Locating industrial areas with consideration of social, economic and environmental consequences, is a key factor in regional planning. The suitable place for the establishment of industries has taken into account a wide range of criteria and it coordinates and brings together ...
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Abstract[1]
Locating industrial areas with consideration of social, economic and environmental consequences, is a key factor in regional planning. The suitable place for the establishment of industries has taken into account a wide range of criteria and it coordinates and brings together economic and social benefits with environmental sustainability.This research is an applied type that is carried out by a multi-criteria decision making method in the GIS environment.The information layers used in this research include precipitation layers, wind speed, soil, land use, elevation, waterway network, protected areas, industrial centers, road networks and cities.In this research, climatic criteria, natural factors, environmental factors and socio-economic factors were used to locate suitable areas for construction of industries, and after determining the effective factors in locating the industries, maps of effective factors in locating the industries were prepared by performing modeling and analysis of spatial data with the aid of GIS software.After weighing the layers based on the AHP model and using the EC2000 software, the capabilities of GIS software were used to integrate and overlap the maps and finally the map of the location of the industries was prepared.The results of the study indicate that the authorized areas for the location of high-class industries have allocated over 1566973.5 hectares of land in the studied area to itself. These areas are mostly located in the south, southwest, north, west, east and the center of Khuzestan province.
[1] - به دلیل کیفیت نامناسب ترجمه (چکیده مبسوط انگلیسیِ دریافتی) نشریه، به ناچار اقدام به ترجمه مجدد متن مختصر چکیده فارسی و انتشار آن به جای چکیده مبسوط انگلیسی نموده است.
Hossein Mohammadi Hossein Mohammadi; Ghasem Azizi; Faramarz Khoshakhlagh; Mahdi Khazaei
Abstract
Abstract
Accurate and timely estimation of evapotranspiration has a significant and critical impact on the planning of water resources and agriculture. In this research, the estimation of evapotranspiration of sugarcane in Khuzestan province has been studied, and the data used, have been air temperature, ...
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Abstract
Accurate and timely estimation of evapotranspiration has a significant and critical impact on the planning of water resources and agriculture. In this research, the estimation of evapotranspiration of sugarcane in Khuzestan province has been studied, and the data used, have been air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and sunny hours since the establishment of synoptic station until 2014. For this purpose, the evapotranspiration values of the reference plant were first calculated using the FAO Penman-Monteith standard method and then, using available plant coefficients, the amount of sugarcane evapotranspiration was estimated at different stages of growth. The results of this study show that the average sugarcane evapotranspiration in Khuzestan province has been 3.35 mm / day in June and in the early stages of growth, 10.46 mm/day in the middle stages of growth, and 6.26 mm / day in the final stages of growth. The value of this parameter in July was estimated 3.59 mm/day in the early stages, 11.23 mm/day in the middle stages and 6.74 mm/day in the final stages of growth. Finally, the amount of evapotranspiration of sugarcane in August was estimated 3.56 mm per day in the early stages of growth, 11.12 mm/day in the middle stages and 6.67mm per day in the final stages of the growth. The maximum daily and monthly evapotranspiration has occurred in July and the minimum in June. Also, the highest daily and monthly fluctuations of sugarcane evapotranspiration have occurred in the middle stages of growth and the lowest in the early stages of growth.
