فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی اطلاعات جغرافیایی « سپهر»

فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی اطلاعات جغرافیایی « سپهر»

تغییرات نمایه گیاهی تفاضل نرمال شده (NDVI) در ارتباط با اقلیم بارشی ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استاد اقلیم‌شناسی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
2 دانشجوی دکتری آب و هواشناسی، گروه جغرافیا، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران
3 دانش آموخته دکتری جغرافیای طبیعی (اقلیم شناسی)، دانشگاه فرهنگیان، اهواز، ایران
چکیده
دگرگونی­ های اقلیم با جلوه‌های متنوع و در بازه‌های زمانی مختلف (نوسان­ های کوتاه‌مدت و تغییرات بلندمدت) رخ می‌دهد. نتیجه این دگرگونی‌ها در عرصه‌های زیستی و غیرزیستی قابل ردیابی است. یکی ‌از جلوه‌گاه‌های تغییر(پذیری) اقلیمی، تغییر(پذیری) در پدیده‌های زیستی، به‌ویژه پوشش گیاهی است. پوشش گیاهی انعکاسی از شرایط محیطی - اقلیمی (نظیر بارش، دما و رطوبت هوا و خاک، تابش و باد ) است. کاهش و یا افزایش در یکی از این شرایط تغییراتی همزمان یا با تأخیر را در کنش‌های زیستی (نظیر تبخیر و تعرق و فتوسنتز) به ‌وجود می­ آورد. اگرچه عناصر اقلیمی بر تراکم و پراکنش پوشش­ گیاهی نقش حیاتی دارند، امّا پیچیدگی سازوکار ویژگی‌های مختلف عناصر اقلیمی (نظیر میزان، نوع، شدت، فصل، تداوم و...)، فرایندهای پسخوراند و نیز زمان واکنش پوشش گیاهی به تغییرات اقلیمی، برآورد رابطۀ تغییرات اقلیمی و پوشش گیاهی را بسیار دشوار می‌کند. در پژوهش حاضر با استفاده از داده ­های مربوط به نمایه پوشش ­گیاهی (NDVI)، تغییرات پوشش گیاهی در ایران بررسی شد. به‌منظور دستیابی به ‌اهداف پژوهش از داده ­های مربوط به NDVI طی دورۀ آماری 2001 تا 2016 از سایت GIOVANNI استفاده شد. این داده‌ها حاصل اندازه‌گیری‌های ماهواره ترا سنجنده مودیس است. با ارزیابی اولیه نقشه­ ها نمایۀ NDVI، مشخص شد که محدوده ­های شمال و شمال غرب و غرب کشور به‌دلیل نزدیکی به منابع رطوبتی و قرار گرفتن در مسیر ورودی سامانه­ های باران­ زا و بالا بودن میزان بارش و نیز نوع خاک مناسب، از پوشش ­گیاهی مناسبی نسبت به دیگر مناطق کشور برخوردار هستند. بررسی و مقایسه دو نیم‌دوره هشت ساله نمایه NDVI نشان داد که نمایه پوشش­ گیاهی در نیم‌دوره اول نسبت به نیم‌دوره دوم کم‌تر بوده است. این امر را احتمالاً می‌توان به واکنش توأم با تأخیر جوامع حیاتی در پاسخ به تحولات اقلیمی و افزایش سطح زیر کشت، در نتیجۀ استفادۀ بی­ رویه از آب­ های زیرزمینی نسبت داد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Changes in normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) concerning the change in precipitation climatology in Iran

نویسندگان English

Hossein Asakereh 1
Somayeh Taheri Alam 2
Nosrat Farhadi 3
1 Proffesor in climatology, Department of geography, University of Zanjan, Zanjan., Iran
2 Department of Geography, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
3 Farhangian University, Ahwaz, Iran
چکیده English

Extended Abstract
Introduction
Climate changes manifested in different ways and time scales (short-term fluctuations and long-term changes) effects. The consequences of such changes can be traced to various parts of the environment. One of the climate change manifestations is the change in biological phenomena, primarily vegetation, which reflects an intricate pattern of changes in climatic elements, particularly temperature, and precipitation. Although the substantial role of climatic elements on the density and geographical distribution of vegetation has been confirmed, it is arduous to estimate the relationship between climate changes and vegetation due to the complexity of the mechanism of different characteristics of climatic elements (such as the amount, type, intensity, season, continuity, etc.), feedback processes, and also the response time of the vegetation to climatic changes.
Materials and Methods
In the current research, the gridded data of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), a product of the MODIS terra, was used from 2001 through 2016. The data were extracted from a GIOVANNI website. In the present study, Iran's vegetation density classes were determined based on quantitative methods, and the geographical distribution of two-half parts of the understudy periods was compared.
Results and Discussion
The long-term average and changes in Iran's NDVI were examined using NDVI grid data. The finding revealed that the NDVI has a direct relationship with the precipitation. Accordingly, the northern, northwestern, and western regions, as wet regions in Iran and comprise proper soil, included high NDVI.
Dividing NDVI data into two 8-year periods revealed that in the first 8 - year, despite the high amount of precipitation, the NDVI was lower approximated to the second 8 - years. This difference can be attributed to the lag - time in reactions of NDVI to climate changes. It takes several decades for most tree species to react to climate change. In addition, the increase in cultivated area and, consequently, the excessive use of underground water has a noticeable role in increasing trends of the NDVI values.
Conclusion
The long-term average and changes in Iran's NDVI were examined using NDVI grid data. Our finding showed that the spatial distribution of NDVI has a direct relationship with the precipitation. Comparing two - half of understudy data showed despite the high amount of precipitation, the NDVI in the first half was lower approximated to the second 8 - years. This difference can be attributed to the lag - time in reactions of NDVI to climate changes. It takes several decades for most tree species to react to climate change. In addition, the increase in cultivated area and, consequently, the excessive use of underground water has a noticeable role in increasing trends of the NDVI values.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Precipitation
Precipitation change
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)
Iran
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