فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی اطلاعات جغرافیایی « سپهر»

فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی اطلاعات جغرافیایی « سپهر»

سنجش اقلیم گردشگری جنگل‌های مانگرو خلیج نایبند ‏با استفاده از شاخص‌های ‏TCI ‎‏ و ‏PET

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
آیدا احمدی 1
افشین دانه کار 2
افشین علیزاده 3
پروانه سبحانی 4
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
2 استادگروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
3 دانشیارگروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران
4 استادیار گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم آباد، ایران
10.22131/sepehr.2024.2016888.3037
چکیده
امروزه بر همگان روشن است که فعالیت گردشگری در اکوسیستم های طبیعی تا حد بسیار زیادی متأثر از شرایط اقلیمی منطقه هدف است و هوا و اقلیم در فعالیت گردشگری بالاترین سهم را در میان سایر عوامل انتخاب مقصد گردشگری دارد. در این تحقیق با هدف تعیین زمان مناسب طبیعت گردی در جنگل های مانگرو خلیج نایبند که یکی از مقاصد پر جاذبه جنوب کشور به شمار می رود، اقدام به بررسی شاخص های  TCI  و PET در خلال سال های 2000 تا 2022  شد. نتایج حاصل از شاخص TCI نشان از آن دارد که مطلوب ترین فصل گردشگری به اواخر پاییز و زمستان اختصاص دارد و بالاترین میزان مطلوبیت مربوط به ماه های آذر و بهمن است. براساس این شاخص کمترین میزان مطلوبیت از منظر شرایط اقلیمی به ماه های اردیبهشت، خرداد، تیر، مرداد، شهریور و مهر تعلق دارد. همچنین مطابق نتایج حاصل از بررسی شاخص PET که از مهم ترین شاخص های فیزیولوژیک مربوط به بدن انسان است، کمترین میزان تنش گرمایی و سرمایی حس شده به ماه های آبان و اسفند اختصاص دارد و این ماه ها بالاترین مطلوبیت را در مقایسه با سایر ماه های سال برای فعالیت های گردشگری و طبیعت گردی در منطقه دارند. در مقابل، کمترین میزان مطلوبیت از نظر تنش گرمایی به ماه های فروردین، اردیبهشت، خرداد، تیر، مرداد، شهریور و مهر تعلق دارد. کاربرد هر دو روش نشان داد که با نتایج مشابهی همراه هستند و برای گردشگاه های مشابه با توجه به داده های اقلیمی در دسترس قابل استفاده هستند. توجه به چگونگی شرایط آسایش اقلیمی در خلیج نایبند با در نظر گیری رشد روز افزون گردشگران و طبیعت گردان در جنگل های مانگرو این منطقه و حساسیت های ویژه ی این رویشگاه از دیدگاه حفاظتی، می تواند کمک شایان توجهی بر رشد و توسعه فعالیت گردشگری و همچنین حفاظت هرچه صحیح تر از پتانسیل های ارزشمند این اکوسیستم طبیعی داشته باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
اقلیم آسایش
شاخص‌های اقلیمی
جنگل حرا
استان بوشهر
طبیعت گردی

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Estimating the tourism climate of the mangrove forests of Nayband Bay using TCI and PET indices

نویسندگان English

Aida Ahmadi 1
Afshin Danehkar 2
Afshin Alizadeh Shabani 3
Parvaneh Sobhani 4
1 M.Sc. student, Department of environmental science, Natural resources faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Professor, Department of environmental science, Natural resources faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
3 Associate professor, Department of environmental science, Natural resources faculty, University of Tehran, Karaj, ‎Iran. ‎
4 Assistant professor, Department of environmental science, Natural resources faculty, Lorestan University , Khorramabad, Iran
چکیده English

Extended Abstract
Introduction
The tourism industry has been able to quickly find a special place all over the world ‎due to its numerous attractions and economic benefits. So that it can be considered an ‎achievable goal in the path of sustainable development. The high importance of ‎tourism and the need to promote it has led many researchers to know more about the ‎factors influencing it, among which, undoubtedly, weather is an integral part of ‎tourism. Because tourists always seek to visit places where they feel the least ‎dissatisfaction. The close relationship between climate and tourism has led to the ‎formation of discussions about climate comfort. Temperature, radiation, precipitation, ‎wind, humidity, and fog can be mentioned among the different climatic elements that ‎have a direct relationship in creating tourist comfort. In this regard, due to the ‎vulnerability and biological sensitivities of the mangrove habitats and coastal wetlands ‎of Nayband Bay, as well as due to having landscapes with aesthetic, educational and ‎recreational values and the necessity of developing nature tourism activities in ‎national parks, it is necessary that the climatic conditions for the activity to identify ‎nature tourism in this area. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate the comfort climate of tourism and identify the suitable months for the ‎presence of tourists, to obtain high tourist satisfaction and experience ‎on the one hand, and on the other hand, achieving correct planning for more ‎protection and least damage to the region. Based on this, the tourism climate in the ‎mangrove forests of Naiband Bay was investigated using TCI and PET indicators.‎
materials and methods
Analysis & methods
The climatic characteristics of the studied area show the target by emphasizing the ‎effective parameters in the application of climatic indices, therefore, in order to estimate ‎the desired indices, the characteristics of the climatic variables in Asalouye station ‎during the years 2000 to 2022 were collected and sorted. One of the indicators ‎examined in this research is the TCI index, which measures the suitability of a place's ‎climate for tourism using the variables of maximum temperature, average temperature, ‎minimum relative humidity, average relative humidity, precipitation, sunny hours, and ‎average wind speed. Another index examined in this research is the PET index. The PET index for open ‎environments is the temperature in a sample room of the heat balance of the human ‎body (the metabolic rate with light work is 80 watts based on the basic metabolic rate ‎and the value of clothing conductivity equal to 9.) with skin temperature and core ‎temperature. The body is in balance in the open environment. The PET index is based ‎on the climatic data of average air temperature in centigrade, relative humidity in ‎percent, average wind speed in meters per second, average vapor pressure in ‎hectopascals, and cloud cover in octas for Asalouye station and during the statistical ‎period from 2000 to 2022. was investigated. In this research, the energy balance model ‎or MEMI for people is used to calculate PET.
In this research, to increase the accuracy of the calculations and consider ‎that the calculation of some parameters such as the average radiant temperature of the ‎environment (Tmrt) cannot be done simply by climatic data such as temperature, ‎humidity and wind speed, from the software model Ray Man, which was used by ‎Andreas Matzarakis to calculate radiation fluxes.
Result
As the results show, the TCI index indicates the suitable conditions of the tourism climate during ‎the months of December, January and February. While the least favorability of the tourism ‎climate can be seen in the months of June, July, August, Shahrivar and Mehr. The results ‎obtained from the Riemann model also indicate that the PET index for the months of November ‎and March was without cold stress and physiological stress for tourists. While the months of ‎January, Bahman and Azar are a bit cool with little cold stress and also the physiological stress ‎level of tourists. During the first half of the year, while the temperature rises significantly, this ‎region experiences a different degree of stress and thermal sensitivity in terms of physiological ‎conditions.‎
Discussion and conclusion
The mangrove forests of Nayband Bay attract many tourists and nature lovers from different ‎places every year due to special climatic conditions and many recreational resources, as well as ‎being located in coastal-sea areas. On the other hand, the studied area is known as one of the ‎areas under the protection of the environmental organization with high ecological sensitivities ‎and protection prohibitions, which requires proper planning for the development of tourism and ‎the presence of visitors in the area. Based on this, in the current study, the comfort climate of ‎tourism and the determination of the appropriate time for tourism activities were investigated ‎using two indices, TCI and PET. As the results of the TCI index showed, ‎‏6‏‎ months of the year ‎‎(November, December, January, February, March and April) this region has the best conditions ‎for the development of tourism activities and the presence of visitors in the region. The results of ‎the PET index also showed that the months of November and March are without cold stress and ‎physiological stress for tourists, as well as the months of January, February‏ ‏and November‏ ‏with ‎little cold stress and the degree of physiological stress are slightly cool, which are favorable and ‎suitable conditions for the development of tourism activities.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Comfort climate
Climatic indicators
Mangrove forest
Bushehr Province
Nature tourism
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