Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)

Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)

Analysis of spatial distribution of poverty in the city and interpretation of its effects - Case study: Kermanshah City

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors
Arezou Jamshidi Sheikhabadi 1
Kyoumars Habibi 2
Mehdi Saidi 3
1 PhD student of urban planning, Faculty of art and architecture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Professor, Department of urban planning and design, Faculty of art and architecture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
3 Assistant professor, Department of urban planning and design, Faculty of art and architecture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
10.22131/sepehr.2025.2039850.3092
Abstract
Extended Abstract
Introduction
   During the past few decades, the rapid increase in urbanization has led to different perspectives for cities. This urban landscape did not emerge overnight and, as Peter Hall said, like a film, it was created little by little and by many actors.(Hall, 2006: 15). Today, social and economic factors create conditions for cities that lead to patterns of spatial convergence and divergence. These changes cause social, economic and ecological inequality. One of the consequences of the inequality that occurs in the spatial area of ​​the city is poverty(Kaplan, 2004: 175). Urban poverty is one of the fronts of poverty, which is a collection of poverty transferred from the rural society and reproduced in the urban society, which has given the city a terrible face and has caused all kinds of environmental and social damage in the cities.And it has undermined the sustainable development of a number of cities, regions and countries around the world(Hilson et al, 2018: 859). A phenomenon that, despite all the national and global plans to combat it, is now threatening urban societies as an oppressed social force, dragging people to destruction and organizing cities with disorganized and ineffective effects.(Panori et al., 2019: 2). In other words, urban poverty is a multidimensional problem that confronts people with problems such as unhealthy environments, unstable, informal housing and lack of living facilities, deprivation of social security services and support mechanisms, educational and health deprivation, limited access to opportunities It faces job and income(Vearey et al, 2017: 427). Therefore, the damage caused by poverty is very extensive and long-term(Gilbert, 2014: 259). Policy makers, thinkers and urban managers have also fully accepted the fact that the root of many social problems in cities is the concentration of poverty.(Ren, 2011, 1).So that now the share of the urban part of the total poverty is increasing and the issue of poverty is one of the most important internal issues of all societies, whether they are rich or poor.(Gustafson and Sai, 2020: 23). And eradicating it in all dimensions and forms is one of the biggest and most important global challenges and one of the main priorities of the new United Nations urban program.(Poku-Boansi et al, 2020, 2).
In Iran, the attitude towards the issue of poverty and poverty alleviation has been influenced by a global wave that has affected the underdeveloped countries before all countries (Nadim et al., 1402: 93-92). Therefore, in the previous periods of Iran, with the increase in the growth of urbanization and the spread of urban poverty, the urban poor areas have increased in it (Ghafari Gilande et al., 2018: 247-248).And the metropolis of Kermanshah is no exception to this rule.
The city of Kermanshah, being the ninth most populated city in the country, has grown rapidly due to the acceptance of urban and rural immigrants in recent decades. In such a way that the population of this city increased from 808,583 thousand people in 1345 to 1,952,434 thousand people in 1395 and the area of ​​the city has increased. This causes the lack of services and the deterioration of physical and social indicators. economic and as a result the increase of urban poverty in the form of poor areas on the outskirts and inside the city. So that currently, about one-eighth of the city's area is occupied by poor areas (Kermanshah Province Management and Planning Organization, 1400, 117).
Therefore, based on what has been discussed, it can be said that one of the solutions to prevent the development of poverty and also to organize the situation of poor places is to know the exact extent of poverty, especially at the level of big cities. Because any plan to deal with urban poverty at the city level will not be possible without accurate knowledge of its location. In other words, insufficient knowledge of urban poverty, especially its dimensions and extent in the city, can prevent the correct policy to reduce poverty. This ignorance can lead to waste of economic resources and failure of poverty alleviation programs. Thus, it is necessary to know and analyze the location of urban poor areas in Kermanshah city to familiarize urban planners and managers with poor areas and their planning to empower and organize these types of areas. Therefore, the above research aims to determine the extent of poverty in the city of Kermanshah.
Research method
   In general, the current research method is practical in terms of its purpose and quantitative in terms of the type of data. The scope of the research is 136 traditional neighborhoods of Kermanshah city in 1403. The data related to the theoretical foundations section in the form of documentary and library preparation of the raw data of the research were extracted from the statistical yearbook of the Iranian Statistics Center in the year 1400 of the city of Kermanshah and the results of the general population and housing census of 2015. Based on this, the neighborhoods of Kermanshah were evaluated with 4 indicators and 34 sub-indices. In this way, in order to show the poverty situation in the city using the hot spot analysis method (Hot Spot Analysis)and to analyze the distribution of poverty in the city from Moran's statistics(Spatial Aulocorrelation)In the softwareArc GIShas been taken advantage of.
Analysis of findings
   The results of the hot spots indicate that the level of poverty in Kermanshah city is not distributed in a balanced way and in some places the poverty intensity is very high and in some places the poverty cluster intensity is very low.In addition, the results of Moran's autocorrelation test indicate that the pattern of spatial distribution of poverty in Kermanshah is clustered.
Conclusion
   The analysis and interpretation of the results show that the level of poverty in Kermanshah city is not distributed in a balanced way, so that the southern areas and part of the central areas of Kermanshah city are the most suitable areas among other areas. At the opposite point of these areas, the worn-out urban areas and the informal settlements located in the eastern, western and northeastern parts of the city are deprived and poor areas. In addition, the result of Moran's correlation index also showed that the spatial pattern of poverty in Kermanshah city is clustered. Therefore, it can be said that there is inequality among the urban areas of Kermanshah. In such a way that these neighborhoods have led to the crystallization of the physical, social, economic and infrastructure distinctions of Kermanshah city. This has led to a kind of segregation in the city.
Keywords
Spatial distribution
Poverty
Urban poverty
Kermanshah City

Subjects

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