The Balkheli River, sourced from the Sabalan volcanic masses, which flows at the southwest-northeast direction and passes through the middle of Ardabil city, moves over a folded zone on its route southwest of the city of Ardebil. The axis of this fold is almost North-South, and the river cuts off  the axis of the fold diagonally. The flow of the Dakhli River in the region for about 2 million years has led to the collapse and destruction of the Ujghaaz anticline nucleus and creation of a boutonnier. Since the river has cut the axis of fold (south-north) diagonally, so the river is in disagreement with the build of the land. Since the river has flooded over this structure after the folding of the area, the river's non-compliance with the geological structure is of a type of imposition. During the quaternary period, changes in the base level and the evolution of the meanders of the Balkheli River have led to the emergence and formation of two pseudo-coves in the eastern and western shores of the river.
Given the fact that the weather conditions and the system of morphogenesis in the region are the same, the nature of lithology plays a decisive role in the development and evolution of the geomorphology of the above-mentioned Cuestas.