Scientific- Research Quarterly of Geographical Data (SEPEHR)

Morocco

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 23, SEPEHR , July 2014, , Pages 2-17

Abstract

  The Islamic World book series have studied social, political and economic changes and transitions in the Islamic World, especially in strategic areas like Northern Africa, Western Asia, Central Asia, South Western Asia in 2010 and afterward. Now, more than a year has passed on the Islamic Awakening movements ...  Read More The Islamic World book series have studied social, political and economic changes and transitions in the Islamic World, especially in strategic areas like Northern Africa, Western Asia, Central Asia, South Western Asia in 2010 and afterward. Now, more than a year has passed on the Islamic Awakening movements of the brave, ancient and Muslim nations of Egypt, Libya, Yemen and Bahrain, and people of the world generally do not have comprehensive information about the political system, cultural and economic issues of these countries. Even in some internationally and regionally held conferences with the presence of authorities in Islamic countries, they did not have a comprehensive and strategic view of the huge capabilities of Islamic culture, and the opportunities and threats facing the Islamic World. Therefore, the Islamic World book series are written with an understanding of this needs and reality. The present article investigates “Morocco” which is among the countries discussed in the first book.   

---

• View Article
• PDF 3.15 M

The unity of the Islamic world. Futures of the convergence of the Islamic world (Part IV)

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, , Pages 11-17

Abstract

  By relying on the identification of the capacities and capabilities that are the basis of convergence in the Islamic world, and on the other hand the divergent factors that threaten the continuity of the Muslim world, and considering the need to address the future and to attempt to build it in In order ...  Read More By relying on the identification of the capacities and capabilities that are the basis of convergence in the Islamic world, and on the other hand the divergent factors that threaten the continuity of the Muslim world, and considering the need to address the future and to attempt to build it in In order to provide the resources of the Islamic world, this paper examines the concept of future thinking and introduces it into the field of scientific discussions and then addresses the possible futures for the Islamic world. Future research is in fact the decision-making about the future in the present. The knowledge and insight that future-research makes available to the researcher will help him in acquiring a superior position in the competitive field, and as a result of understanding the forces and factors affecting personal and organizational activities, Will make him/her more vigilant about the possible changes in the future. In fact, using the imagination of possible events and evaluating probabilities, one can equip oneself and others for the future, identify opportunities and challenges and plan against them or to acquire them.

---

• View Article
• PDF 771.66 K

Unity of the Islamic World: Factors Influencing Divergence, Convergence, and Convergence and divergence centers of the Islamic world (third part)

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 20, Issue 77 , May 2011, , Pages 10-14

Abstract

  Politically, the Islamic world can define for itself the role of a global power and thus provide a ground through which the interests of all Islamic member states are derived from the definition and establishment of the "Union of Islamic Countries." The validity and continuance of such a role are due ...  Read More Politically, the Islamic world can define for itself the role of a global power and thus provide a ground through which the interests of all Islamic member states are derived from the definition and establishment of the "Union of Islamic Countries." The validity and continuance of such a role are due to the following reasons:The enjoyment by the Islamic world of creditable focuses for the creation of power;Having an extrovert ideology that has the ability to plan on a global scale and at least has social acceptability in the realm of the Islamic world;A significant contribution to the global communications network due to the ability to generate meaning;The possibility of upgrading its military organization and turning it into an effective power at the regional level;Having a large geographical area with high population density;Possessing sensitive and influential geopolitics in the global system.The establishment of the "Union of Islamic Countries" is judged as a major objective at the level of regional systems, and is considered by many to be the most effective structural alternative to the modern world order in the present century.

---

• View Article
• PDF 789.15 K

Unity of the Islamic World Effective Factors in Creating Convergence (Part II)

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 19, Issue 75 , November 2010, , Pages 9-15

Abstract

  The issue of convergence in the Islamic world and the need for consensus among Muslims is one of the most important requirements of Islamic societies in the present era. Unity of Muslims is at the moment, that the Islamic world is in the most critical stages of its life, is one of the main ideas and ...  Read More The issue of convergence in the Islamic world and the need for consensus among Muslims is one of the most important requirements of Islamic societies in the present era. Unity of Muslims is at the moment, that the Islamic world is in the most critical stages of its life, is one of the main ideas and solutions suggested to confront the challenges ahead. Islamic unity is a matter which has always been discussed in the history of political and social thought of Muslim nations as a theory with a fundamental and vital strategy against the extensive and all-out invasion of colonialism. One of the ways to realize the material and non-material goals and interests of the states in the field of international relations is convergence. Each government, on the basis of the values ​​it considers, costs a portion of its interests for achieving the goals and perspectives sought in the process of convergence. In this part of the article, the bases and factors in the Islamic world that are prior to convergence are identified and studied.

---

• View Article
• PDF 3.31 M

Future Landscape (Part I)

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 19, Issue 74 , August 2010, , Pages 9-19

Abstract

  The durability, stability and dynamism of each school of thought depend on various factors. One of the most important of these factors is the behavior of followers and believers of that school. In a more clear sense, the actions of followers of a school have a great influence on the dynamism and stability ...  Read More The durability, stability and dynamism of each school of thought depend on various factors. One of the most important of these factors is the behavior of followers and believers of that school. In a more clear sense, the actions of followers of a school have a great influence on the dynamism and stability of that school. From the very beginning, the school of Islam has brought light to its followers, and with the emphasis on elements such as reflection and contemplation on the universe and the search for knowledge and research in their characteristics, leads Muslims in particular and the world generally to the creation of utopia. Hence, the role of believers in Islam in the spreading of the teachings and patterns of this religion is crucial for establishing peace and tranquility and in desire for knowledge and research. The Islamic Republic of Iran, thanks to the achievements and blessings of its idealistic and Islamic revolution and gaining political, epistemological and cultural independence, has taken steps as the pioneer in the revival of the unity and convergence between the Muslim nations, and, in this way, has not avoided great efforts and sacrifices. Based on the contemplation concerning the grounds of unity, convergence and alignment is one of the most important perspectives of the country. Based on the doctrines of politics and international relations, the most important professional concern of statesmen and policymakers is how to provide the ground for increasing power and wealth. From the perspective of realistic methodology, today, the increase in the wealth and power of the state-nations is influenced by many independent variables. The most important of these variables in the field of foreign affairs of governments is to create convergence and unity among countries with common goals and values.

---

• View Article
• PDF 6.68 M

Political Geography of the Islamic World Part V : Enabling Factors for Achieving Unity Part III- Geopolitical and Geostrategic Situation of the Islamic World

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 18, Issue 71 , November 2009, , Pages 10-14

Abstract

  The true origin of the unity of the Islamic Ummah (society of all Muslims as a whole) is the religion of Islam, which derives its root from human nature. The changes that this religion has had over the course of history have been limited to the minor details of the laws which owing to the variety of ...  Read More The true origin of the unity of the Islamic Ummah (society of all Muslims as a whole) is the religion of Islam, which derives its root from human nature. The changes that this religion has had over the course of history have been limited to the minor details of the laws which owing to the variety of the situations of human life in different societies. The general principles that constitute the main body of the divine religion have always been united throughout history, this intellectual and ideological unity is the most important basis of unity in the Islamic society. In order to establish unity and solidarity among a community or nation, sharing common ideology and worldview are among basic necessities, without such a sharing, one can never expect a true unity among people. Today, among more than one billion Muslims, there is no disagreement concerning God, the Book of God, and the Prophet of God, and the Qibla, which is the symbol of unity in the outside world, has never been disputed. These four basic principles of unity can always be counted on as reliable bases for solving all of the minor differences.

---

• View Article
• PDF 984.89 K

Political Geography of the Muslim World Part Four Enabling Factors for Achieving Unity Part II - Human Geography

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 18, Issue 70 , August 2009, , Pages 9-15

Abstract

  The true origin of the unity of the Islamic Ummah (society of all Muslims as a whole) is the religion of Islam, which derives its root from human nature. The changes that this religion has had over the course of history have been limited to the minor details of the laws which owing to the variety of ...  Read More The true origin of the unity of the Islamic Ummah (society of all Muslims as a whole) is the religion of Islam, which derives its root from human nature. The changes that this religion has had over the course of history have been limited to the minor details of the laws which owing to the variety of the situations of human life in different societies. The general principles that constitute the main body of the divine religion have always been united throughout history, this intellectual and ideological unity is the most important basis of unity in the Islamic society. In order to establish unity and solidarity among a community or nation, sharing common ideology and worldview are among basic necessities, without such a sharing, one can never expect a true unity among people. Today, among more than one billion Muslims, there is no disagreement concerning God, the Book of God, and the Prophet of God, and the Qibla, which is the symbol of unity in the outside world, has never been disputed. These four basic principles of unity can always be counted on as reliable bases for solving all of the minor differences.

---

• View Article

Political Geography of the Islamic World Part Three Enabling Factors to Achieve Unity Part One - Natural Geography

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 18, Issue 69 , May 2009, , Pages 13-18

Abstract

  The true origin of the unity of the Islamic Ummah (society of all Muslims as a whole) is the religion of Islam, which derives its root from human nature. The changes that this religion has had over the course of history have been limited to the minor details of the laws which owing to the variety of ...  Read More The true origin of the unity of the Islamic Ummah (society of all Muslims as a whole) is the religion of Islam, which derives its root from human nature. The changes that this religion has had over the course of history have been limited to the minor details of the laws which owing to the variety of the situations of human life in different societies. The general principles that constitute the main body of the divine religion have always been united throughout history, this intellectual and ideological unity is the most important basis of unity in the Islamic society. In order to establish unity and solidarity among a community or nation, sharing common ideology and worldview are among basic necessities, without such a sharing, one can never expect a true unity among people. Today, among more than one billion Muslims, there is no disagreement concerning God, the Book of God, and the Prophet of God, and the Qibla, which is the symbol of unity in the outside world, has never been disputed. These four basic principles of unity can always be counted on as reliable bases for solving all of the minor differences.

---

• View Article
• PDF 1.15 M

The Political Geography of the Islamic World The Perspective of the Future - Part I

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 17, Issue 67 , October 2008, , Pages 13-17

Abstract

  The true origin of the unity of the Islamic Ummah (society of all Muslims as a whole) is the religion of Islam, which derives its root from human nature. The changes that this religion has had over the course of history have been limited to the minor details of the laws which owing to the variety of ...  Read More The true origin of the unity of the Islamic Ummah (society of all Muslims as a whole) is the religion of Islam, which derives its root from human nature. The changes that this religion has had over the course of history have been limited to the minor details of the laws which owing to the variety of the situations of human life in different societies. The general principles that constitute the main body of the divine religion have always been united throughout history, this intellectual and ideological unity is the most important basis of unity in the Islamic society. In order to establish unity and solidarity among a community or nation, sharing common ideology and worldview are among basic necessities, without such a sharing, one can never expect a true unity among people. Today, among more than one billion Muslims, there is no disagreement concerning God, the Book of God, and the Prophet of God, and the Qibla, which is the symbol of unity in the outside world, has never been disputed. These four basic principles of unity can always be counted on as reliable bases for solving all of the minor differences.

---

• View Article
• PDF 1.95 M

Political Geography of the Islamic World, the Future Perspective - Part II

Seyyed Yahya Saffavi

Volume 17, Issue 68 , February 2008, , Pages 9-12

Abstract

  The true origin of the unity of the Islamic Ummah (society of all Muslims as a whole) is the religion of Islam, which derives its root from human nature. The changes that this religion has had over the course of history have been limited to the minor details of the laws which owing to the variety of ...  Read More The true origin of the unity of the Islamic Ummah (society of all Muslims as a whole) is the religion of Islam, which derives its root from human nature. The changes that this religion has had over the course of history have been limited to the minor details of the laws which owing to the variety of the situations of human life in different societies. The general principles that constitute the main body of the divine religion have always been united throughout history, this intellectual and ideological unity is the most important basis of unity in the Islamic society. In order to establish unity and solidarity among a community or nation, sharing common ideology and worldview are among basic necessities, without such a sharing, one can never expect a true unity among people. Today, among more than one billion Muslims, there is no disagreement concerning God, the Book of God, and the Prophet of God, and the Qibla, which is the symbol of unity in the outside world, has never been disputed. These four basic principles of unity can always be counted on as reliable bases for solving all of the minor differences.

---

• View Article
• PDF 492.54 K

Persian Gulf and Islands of Iran (Part III)

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 16, Issue 61 , May 2007, , Pages 10-14

Abstract

  The Persian Gulf has a prominent geographic position. Natural conditions such as little depth, water salinity and high evaporation on the one hand, and limited communication with open lands of the world on the other, have created a special ecosystem within the Persian Gulf and its coasts. The Persian ...  Read More The Persian Gulf has a prominent geographic position. Natural conditions such as little depth, water salinity and high evaporation on the one hand, and limited communication with open lands of the world on the other, have created a special ecosystem within the Persian Gulf and its coasts. The Persian Gulf has long been regarded as one of the most important strategic regions of the world. The Persian Gulf region is a geopolitical unit located in the wider geostrategic basins of the Indian Ocean. The geographic region of the Persian Gulf acts as one of the most active economic centers in the world. It’s major exports are oil and gas and it’s imports mainly consist of industrial and food products. Natural potential and vast oil and gas resources have contributed to the establishment of a single-product economic system in coastal countries.

---

• View Article
• PDF 91.03 K

The Persian Gulf and the Islands of Iran

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 15, Issue 59 , November 2006, , Pages 6-9

Abstract

  The Persian Gulf has a prominent geographic position. Natural conditions such as little depth, water salinity and high evaporation on the one hand, and limited communication with open lands of the world on the other, have created a special ecosystem within the Persian Gulf and its coasts. The Persian ...  Read More The Persian Gulf has a prominent geographic position. Natural conditions such as little depth, water salinity and high evaporation on the one hand, and limited communication with open lands of the world on the other, have created a special ecosystem within the Persian Gulf and its coasts. The Persian Gulf has long been regarded as one of the most important strategic regions of the world. The Persian Gulf region is a geopolitical unit located in the wider geostrategic basins of the Indian Ocean. The geographic region of the Persian Gulf acts as one of the most active economic centers in the world. It’s major exports are oil and gas and it’s imports mainly consist of industrial and food products. Natural potential and vast oil and gas resources have contributed to the establishment of a single-product economic system in coastal countries.

---

• View Article
• PDF 592.64 K

A Note on Geographic Considerations of Neighboring Countries

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 15, Issue 58 , August 2006, , Pages 6-9

Abstract

  Familiarity with the geographical situation of neighboring countries is essential in different aspects, such as the interaction of geographical factors (human and natural), the relative position of the neighboring states' territories, the type of government and the international and regional obligations, ...  Read More Familiarity with the geographical situation of neighboring countries is essential in different aspects, such as the interaction of geographical factors (human and natural), the relative position of the neighboring states' territories, the type of government and the international and regional obligations, participation in politico-military treaties and dependence on imperialist powers. Other important issues such as: Cultural Commonality; trading conditions and relations; common economic resources; determination of foreign policy goals; recognition of spatial conditions and the strategic importance of threating positions; positions and conditions important for imperialist powers; and other issues such as inclination of the region towards crisis, and the imbalance of the political system which is followed by problems such as the imposition of displaced people in neighboring countries emphasizes the importance of attention to geographic considerations of neighboring countries. In this paper, the importance of the basic role of spatial relations in recognition of the geography of neighboring countries are discussed, with emphasis on position, size, shape and neighborhood.

---

• View Article
• PDF 530.64 K

The Persian Gulf and the Islands of Iran (Part II)

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 15, Issue 60 , February 2006, , Pages 26-31

Abstract

  The Persian Gulf has a prominent geographic position. Natural conditions such as little depth, water salinity and high evaporation on the one hand, and limited communication with open lands of the world on the other, have created a special ecosystem within the Persian Gulf and its coasts. The Persian ...  Read More The Persian Gulf has a prominent geographic position. Natural conditions such as little depth, water salinity and high evaporation on the one hand, and limited communication with open lands of the world on the other, have created a special ecosystem within the Persian Gulf and its coasts. The Persian Gulf has long been regarded as one of the most important strategic regions of the world. The Persian Gulf region is a geopolitical unit located in the wider geostrategic basins of the Indian Ocean. The geographic region of the Persian Gulf acts as one of the most active economic centers in the world. It’s major exports are oil and gas and it’s imports mainly consist of industrial and food products. Natural potential and vast oil and gas resources have contributed to the establishment of a single-product economic system in coastal countries.

---

• View Article
• PDF 908.54 K

An Introduction to Military Geography ( Part XXI)

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 14, Issue 55 , November 2005, , Pages 7-8

Abstract

  Military forces are now limiting their activities to near-space, and they carry out their missions within this section of the space. Therefore, familiarity with new concepts of spatial geographic factors is necessary for maneuvering in a modeling environment. In the study of spatial geographic factors, ...  Read More Military forces are now limiting their activities to near-space, and they carry out their missions within this section of the space. Therefore, familiarity with new concepts of spatial geographic factors is necessary for maneuvering in a modeling environment. In the study of spatial geographic factors, through the nineteenth and twentieth parts of this series of papers under the title “an introduction to military geography”, the first two of the four following regions were discussed. A) Intermediate section of aerospace; B) Near- space (close to the environment of the Earth); C) Moon and its surroundings; D) The outer space without a definite or fixed shape beyond it; This paper deals with "the Moon and its surroundings".

---

• View Article
• PDF 204.24 K

An Introduction to Military Geography (Part XX)

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 14, Issue 53 , May 2005, , Pages 11-13

Abstract

  The space that lies beyond the blue sky is completely dark, because light can not travel as fast as usual through diluted air or vacuum. There is total silence in the space, and however the spaceship moves fast, no sound is produced by it in the space. Sound echo, shock waves and speaking have no effect ...  Read More The space that lies beyond the blue sky is completely dark, because light can not travel as fast as usual through diluted air or vacuum. There is total silence in the space, and however the spaceship moves fast, no sound is produced by it in the space. Sound echo, shock waves and speaking have no effect in space. Geographic factors take different meanings in space. Thus, any space activities require familiarity with necessary concepts for maneuvering in modelling environment.

---

• View Article
• PDF 373.81 K

Introduction to Political Geography ( Part XXII)

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 14, Issue 56 , February 2005, , Pages 7-8

Abstract

  All the universe apart from the objects and phenomena within it is called Space. The Earth, atmosphere, celestial bodies, the Milky Way and other galaxies are within space. Many physicists have divided space into two parts:(A) The near space that lies within a distance of eighty kilometers from the Earth ...  Read More All the universe apart from the objects and phenomena within it is called Space. The Earth, atmosphere, celestial bodies, the Milky Way and other galaxies are within space. Many physicists have divided space into two parts:(A) The near space that lies within a distance of eighty kilometers from the Earth and stretches to areas near the moon's surface. The space around the Earth is called the inner space, which is a complex region, and the physical characteristics, effective geographic factors and points of interest in the space military planning were presented through the last three papers (parts nineteen, twenty and twenty one) under the following three categories:- Intermediate levels of air – space;- Near space or environmental space of the earth;- The moon and the space around it.(B) The outer space or the distant space which is extremely vast and in which planets and moons move, and which the Earth has no effects on. The outer space sometimes extends to the space between galaxies.In this paper, the outer (distant) space has been of interest, which is very distinct from the near space. Coverage of outer (distant) space is very wide and there are vast opportunities for maneuvering. Here, some discussions on how to select the orbit and the position in space as well as the performance of different weapons are presented.

---

• View Article
• PDF 244.21 K

Introduction to Military Geography (Part XVIII)

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 13, Issue 51 , November 2004, , Pages 5-8

Abstract

  The road network and access routes are among the most important elements of military geography. Classification of road network, type of access and appropriate transportation conditions for transfer of human forces and freight on the one hand, and reliable access to road lines and passageways of bridges, ...  Read More The road network and access routes are among the most important elements of military geography. Classification of road network, type of access and appropriate transportation conditions for transfer of human forces and freight on the one hand, and reliable access to road lines and passageways of bridges, tunnels and road structures on the other, are of great importance. The status of roads, railways, ports, airports and inland waterways which facilitate military operations and allow for support of forces, have a special place in military geography.

---

• View Article
• PDF 452.56 K

Introduction to Political Geography (Part XVII)

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 13, Issue 49 , May 2004, , Pages 6-10

Abstract

  The bridges, passages, tunnels and underpasses are weak links and can be dangerous in times of war or peace, and therefore their classification and identification require particular attention to their characteristics.  Read More The bridges, passages, tunnels and underpasses are weak links and can be dangerous in times of war or peace, and therefore their classification and identification require particular attention to their characteristics.

---

• View Article
• PDF 432.73 K

An Introduction to Military Geography (Part XIX)

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 13, Issue 52 , February 2004, , Pages 12-14

Abstract

  Military forces currently limit their activities to near-space, and it is in this very near-space that critical missions such as identification, precautionary missions, target achievement, tracking, telecommunications, navigation, meteorology, medical activities and investigation and research missions ...  Read More Military forces currently limit their activities to near-space, and it is in this very near-space that critical missions such as identification, precautionary missions, target achievement, tracking, telecommunications, navigation, meteorology, medical activities and investigation and research missions are conducted in an environment completely different from land, sea or air. Different geographic factors assume different meanings in space. Therefore, any space activity requires familiarity with concepts required for maneuvering in the modeling environment.

---

• View Article
• PDF 358.23 K

an Introduction to Military Geography

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 12, Issue 47 , November 2003, , Pages 7-9

Abstract

  Urban warspopular uprisings, resistance movements as well as terrorists grow in urban environment, and their potentials and talent are strengthened in streets and alleys, and superior technology fails to counteract them because the forces who seek to combat such irregular and guerrilla wars in cities ...  Read More Urban warspopular uprisings, resistance movements as well as terrorists grow in urban environment, and their potentials and talent are strengthened in streets and alleys, and superior technology fails to counteract them because the forces who seek to combat such irregular and guerrilla wars in cities find that timely access to accurate information is difficult and that conventional military tactics are ineffective in chasing games in the heart of cities.Revolutionary uprisingsPeople's wars, as described by Mao, Che Guevara and General Giap, are mass rebellions that start in rural areas and ultimately find their way into the city. Urban rebellions that have a different style start in cities where most people live, and if successful, they will come to a faster conclusion.

---

• View Article
• PDF 357.77 K

An Introduction to Political Geography (Part XIV)

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 12, Issue 46 , August 2003, , Pages 10-13

Abstract

  In ancient times, for the inhabitants of a city defeat and victory in a war was a matter of life and death. No one knew what fate awaited after surrender, because the conquerors were free to do whatever they desired. Throughout history, conquerors can be seen who sieged cities and deceived defenders ...  Read More In ancient times, for the inhabitants of a city defeat and victory in a war was a matter of life and death. No one knew what fate awaited after surrender, because the conquerors were free to do whatever they desired. Throughout history, conquerors can be seen who sieged cities and deceived defenders from defiance and resistance, or defenders slowly gave up because of starvation and famine, and then major massacres were committed following the entrance of troops into the city, and the city was fully devastated. For a city to survive wartime casualties, certain areas of city are deliberately declared to be defenseless for political, economic, military, cultural, esthetic or humanitarian reasons. The number of such declarations is small and the success rate of such proposals varies from one case to the other.

---

• View Article
• PDF 518.48 K

An Introduction to Military Geography (Part XIII)

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 12, Issue 45 , May 2003, , Pages 9-11

Abstract

  Places and StructuresUrban spots or areas refer to parts of the earth with a population density equal to or more than 300 inhabitants per square kilometer and the average number of buildings of at least one per hectare. This definition covers all small towns and suburbs as well as small and large cities ...  Read More Places and StructuresUrban spots or areas refer to parts of the earth with a population density equal to or more than 300 inhabitants per square kilometer and the average number of buildings of at least one per hectare. This definition covers all small towns and suburbs as well as small and large cities with different shapes, whether adjacent to each other or at distances from one another, which are based on smooth or rough ground.

---

• View Article
• PDF 343.88 K

Introduction to Military Geography (Part XVI)

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 12, Issue 48 , February 2003, , Pages 17-19

Abstract

  The bombing experts who have a very different view of urban warfare than conventional street warfare experts and experts of special force operations, support two major options or a combination of them. Option (B) is a precise bombardment of selective targets that will degrade enemy’s capabilities ...  Read More The bombing experts who have a very different view of urban warfare than conventional street warfare experts and experts of special force operations, support two major options or a combination of them. Option (B) is a precise bombardment of selective targets that will degrade enemy’s capabilities and military potentials through destruction. Option (A) emphasizes the conventional regional bombardment designed to undermine the enemy's will deliberately.

---

• View Article
• PDF 287.09 K

An Introduction to Political Geography

Seyyed Yahya Safavi

Volume 11, Issue 43 , November 2002, , Pages 7-9

Abstract

  Political geography is one of the branches of geographical sciences that examines all natural, cultural (human) and environmental effects on policies, military plans and combative / supportive operations at global, regional and local levels.Political geography is a science that expresses the effects ...  Read More Political geography is one of the branches of geographical sciences that examines all natural, cultural (human) and environmental effects on policies, military plans and combative / supportive operations at global, regional and local levels.Political geography is a science that expresses the effects of geographic factors of a country or area on military movements.Political geography is a part of military sciences that concerns environmental characteristics of the area of operation.Political geography includes application of geographic analysis method. It is worth noting that various definitions have been presented for political geography, but two major points are necessary to be considered in order to reach a comprehensive definition. A. Scale and application of military geographyThe application of military geography for political leaders, national security planners, commanders and military hierarchies that play major roles in formulation of military strategies, which has specific definition and a certain scope.B-The military geography has its own value against internal and external threats and various geopolitical conditions of any region. In fact, military geography faces threats by presenting their direction and exploitation of geographic factors against these threats.Military geography is an effective guide in national and macro planning in a country including land preparation and allocation, so that appropriate locating of development plans and constructive measures of the country such as infrastructure and industrial establishments take defense-security considerations into account in all circumstances.

---

• View Article
• PDF 265.92 K