نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد مهندسی نقشه برداری، دانشگاه تهران

2 کارشناس ارشد مهندسی نقشه برداری، دانشگاه خواجه نصیرالدین طوسی

چکیده

امروزه میزان مصرف انرژی در کشور ایران بطور چشمگیری افزایش یافته است. انرژی گاز یکی از مهمترین آنها بشمار میآید. مصرف گاز تا سالهای آینده بطور فزایندهای افزایش خواهد یافت و خطوط انتقال آن نیز بسرعت  رو به  گسترش است.
طول این خطوط در شبکه گاز رسانی به  هزاران مایل  نیز میرسد و اطمینان یابی و کشف بموقع نقص هر بخش از خطوط لوله مهم و ضروری است. این مقاله مروری بر تکنولوژی کنونی کشف نشت از خطوط لوله گاز دارد و نقش سنجش از دور و استفاده از روشهای هوایی را  در کشف این مهم خاطر نشان مینماید.
در بخش اول روشهای متفاوت کشف نشت که در خطوط لوله گاز بکار میرود بطور مختصر مرور میشود و در بخش دوم به روشهای نوری و استفاده از سنجش از دور و روشهای هوایی جهت کاهش هزینه و سرعت انجام نشت یابی مناطق وسیع پرداخته میشود. در پایان، ضمن جمعبندی، روشهای کشف نشت با هم مقایسه میشوند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The discovery of leaks from natural gas pipelines

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mojdeh Ebrahimikia 1
  • Hamid Enayati 2

1 University of Tehran

2 Khaje Nasireddin Toosi University

چکیده [English]

Nowadays, energy use has increased dramatically in Iran. Gas is one of the most important energy resources. Gas use will grow in future and its pipe lines are quickly developing. The length of this gas distributing network reaches thousands of miles, so validating and timely defect detection in each part of pipe line is important and essential. The present article reviews current technology of leakage detection in pipe lines and points out the role of remote sensing and aerial methods in this detection.
In the first section, different leakage detection methods applied on gas pipe lines are shortly reviewed and the second section focuses on optical methods and applying remote sensing and aerial methods with the aim of decreasing costs and time of leakage detection in vast areas. Finally, different methods of leakage detection are compared in the conclusion.

1- Carlson B. N., 1993, “Selection and use of pipelineleak detection methods for liability management into the 21st century”, Pipeline Infrastructure II, Proceedings of the International Conference of theAmerican Society of
Chemical Engineers, ASCE.
2- Scott, S. L., and Barrufet, M. A., 2003, “Worldwide Assessment of IndustryLeak Detection Capabilities for Single& Multiphase Pipelines,” Project Report Preparedfor the Minerals Management Service, OTRC Library
Number: 8/03A120, Universityof Texas, Austin.
3- Hough J.E., 1988, “Leak testingof pipelines uses pressure and acoustic velocity”, Oil and GasJournal, vol. 86, pp. 35-41.
4- Klein W. R, 1993,. Acoustic leak detection”, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, PetroleumDivision, 1993, vol.55, pp. 57-61.
5- Sperl J. L, 1991,System pinpoints leaks on Point Arguello offshore line”, Oiland Gas Journal, September Issue, pp. 47-52.
6-Tracer Research Corporation, 2003, Patent Product described in the Website of Tracer Research Corporation, www.tracerresearch.com.
7-Turner N. C,, 1991,  “Hardware and software techniques for pipeline integrity and leak detection monitoring”, Proceedings of Offshore Europe 91, Aberdeen, Scotland.
8- Bose J. R., and Olson M. K., 1993, “TAPS’s leak detection seeks greater precision”, Oil and Gas Journal, April Issue, pp. 43-47.
9- Griebenow G., and Mears M, 1988, , “Leak detection implementation: modelling and tuning methods”, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Petroleum Division, vol. 19, pp. 9-18.
10- Liou J. C. P., and Tian J., 1994, “Leak detection: a transient flow simulation approach”, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Petroleum Division, vol.60, pp. 51-58.
11- Natural Gas Leak Detection in Pipelines, Yudaya Sivathanu, U.S. Department of Energy.
13- Iseki T, Tai H and Kimura K 2000 A portable remote methane sensor using a tunable diode laser Meas. Sci. Technol. 11 594-602 .
14- Airborne Natural Gas Emission LIDAR (ANGEL) Service,Jeff Wible,
Image Scientist, ITT Space Systems Division.
15- Airborne Leak Detection, Comparing Technologies.
16- ANGEL Service Airborne Natural Gas Emission LIDAR , Dan Brake, EPA Natural Gas STAR Program, Annual Implementation Workshop, Houston, Texas, 24 October 2006
17- Optical gas sensing: a review,Jane Hodgkinson and Ralph P Tatam 2013 Meas. Sci. Technol. 24 012004
18- Radar Detection and Monitoring of Gas Pipeline Leaks, Sami Gopalsami, Anuj Dron, Tom Elmer, and Paul Raptis, Energy Technology Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA, September 16 - 17, 2002.
19- Thermal imaging cameras for optical gas imaging (OGI) and furnace inspections.
20- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermographic_camera.
21- Study on oil-gas reservoir detecting methods using hyperspectral remote sensing. Qingjiu Tian, International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XXXIX-B7, 2012 XXII ISPRS Congress, 25 August01.
September 2012, Melbourne, Australia
22- Heather Freeman. Evaluation of the use of hyperspectral imagery for identification of microseeps near Santa Barbara, California[R/OL].California,Sep.26, 2003.