The Bushehr province, geographically located along the vast sea shores with a population of more than 700,000 people, contains tremendous natural wealth and resources. This province holds the second place amongst the country’s provinces in terms of the number of fishing and floating boats. In this research, the socioeconomic and cultural characteristics of this province and it’s quality of productive performance is studied in relation to major factors such as individual and familial characteristics of fishermen, coordinates of the vessels and fishing centers and the technology of fishing at micro level, and then the performance of fishing in this province and its role in providing a significant portion of the livelihood of inhabitants of this province and creating employment in the area and the existing obstacles on the way of increasing the quantity and quality of fishery are investigated. Based on the findings on several fishing areas in Bushehr, the conclusion was made that if the distribution of fishing sites, the type of fishing, the cost of fishing equipment, the relationships within fishing groups, the atmosphere governing the life of fishery and the relationship of these groups with the Fisheries Organization are not paid due attention, there will be some problems, and it is not unlikely that the Fisheries Organization miss its goals in the long run.