Document Type : Research Paper

Author

• Hasan Shamsi

Abstract

During the Second World War, radar was used to detect objects or targets and to determine their
distance and direction (or azimuth).
The radar performs its task by sending extremely short waves (called microwaves) to a target and their return from the target to the sender. The total traveling time of these waves, shown on their
indicator, determines the distance between the sender and the target.
After World War II, especially in recent decades, designers and makers of surveying and geodetic instruments such as Wild, Kern, Zeiss, AGA, So-kisha, and American K.6 have recognized the use and application of electromagnetic waves in surveying and geodesy, and began to develop electronic and electro-optical space measurers as well as tellurometers. In the first paper from this series of articles, we introduce electromagnetic and radio waves.