Mahdi Modiri; Zahra Alibakhshi; Faramarz Khoshakhlaq; Ali Hanafi
Volume 21, Issue 84 , February 2013, Pages 7-20
Abstract
In order to recognize the effective synoptic system in creation of moderate and severe frosts in Tehran and the conditions under which sever and moderate storms transform into one another, synoptic analysis has been implemented by mean sea level 850 and 700 hp maps in a period of 45 years (1961-2005). ...
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In order to recognize the effective synoptic system in creation of moderate and severe frosts in Tehran and the conditions under which sever and moderate storms transform into one another, synoptic analysis has been implemented by mean sea level 850 and 700 hp maps in a period of 45 years (1961-2005). The synoptic results indicated that the transformation of moderate frost into severe and exterminator frost is because of cold weather advection from higher latitude, setting of through over region or earthly radiation. Surveying 850 hp maps, it was recognized that decreasing of temperature in research region arises from the cold advection of various systems from northwest to northeast. In mean sea level maps, extension of Siberian high pressure ridge, and in 700 hp level, setting of through over the eastern part of the district has the most frequency and share in moderate and severe frost formation.
Hasan Lashgari; Vida Khalilian
Volume 21, Issue 84 , February 2013, Pages 21-34
Abstract
Existence of a trough with high amplitude in the middle and high level of atmosphere activates Sudan low thermal pressure. High Pressure located on the surface and levels adjacent to the surface hinders the movement of this low pressure toward northeast, so it moves toward north as an invert trough. ...
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Existence of a trough with high amplitude in the middle and high level of atmosphere activates Sudan low thermal pressure. High Pressure located on the surface and levels adjacent to the surface hinders the movement of this low pressure toward northeast, so it moves toward north as an invert trough. The movement of this system toward north causes the integration of this system with low pressure of east Mediterranean. This Systen moves to east and then enters Iran from west or southwest. After entering Iran, it gradually moves toward central and north-eastern parts of the country and affects these areas.The system's rainfall is heavy at first, and during 2 to 3 days its rainfall reaches 50mm but when it moves toward center and northeastern parts of the country, its amount of rainfall is decreased to less than 7mm. All the country except for east ane southeast benefit from this system.
Mohammad Eskandari nodeh; Leila Sayyad Bidhendi
Volume 21, Issue 84 , February 2013, Pages 35-54
Abstract
Informal Settlement is one of the urban problems whose most important trait is insecurity of possession, abnormal house structure structure condition, less access to urban services and safe nutrition, and extra density. These conditions are especially more apparent in undeveloped countries. In ...
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Informal Settlement is one of the urban problems whose most important trait is insecurity of possession, abnormal house structure structure condition, less access to urban services and safe nutrition, and extra density. These conditions are especially more apparent in undeveloped countries. In these countries, more than 50 or 75 percent of the population live in informal settlements. In Iran also, the problem of informal settlement appears clearly from decade 1340 afferwards, when the rate of urbanization was on its apex, by which cities confronted serious problem which has been always increasing.
In Iran, the state has endeavored to organize informal settlement. These efforts are necessary due to what constitution emphasizes in clauses 3 and 31 about the right of Iranian citizens to have suitable shelter and appropriate house. This research tries to evaluate state policies in organizing informal settlement in Bandar-e-Abbas by applying Factor Analysis and Likert methods. This research uses quantitative and then qualitative analysis methods. Results indicate that the state was not much successful in organizing and empowering informal settlement indexes in Bandar-e-Abbas. Finally some conclusions and suggestions are presented.
Hojat Hatami Nejad; Mojtaba Sabet Kushki; Mahdi Saqaee; Hossein Hatami Nejad
Volume 21, Issue 84 , February 2013, Pages 55-84
Abstract
This paper investigates the affective factors in rural migration from Takan village in Kashmar to urban areas. This topic is of importance because of the increase in migration to towns or rural areas surrounding towns. According to climatic classifications, the area has arid and cold weather with a precipitation ...
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This paper investigates the affective factors in rural migration from Takan village in Kashmar to urban areas. This topic is of importance because of the increase in migration to towns or rural areas surrounding towns. According to climatic classifications, the area has arid and cold weather with a precipitation of 189.4 ml and mean temprature of 7.7C. (1989-2008). The mean population growth rate between 1996 and 2006 was -2.5 which indicates migration. The present study take advantage of a descriptive – analytic method. The results indicate that unemployment, low income and shortage of social sevices are the main affective factors in rural migration.
Gholam Hossein Eskani Kazazi
Volume 21, Issue 84 , February 2013, Pages 85-94
Abstract
Gorges are considered ont of the most attractive and complicated phenomena in geomorphology. Their Complexities have led to some hypotheses about their formation. Some of these hypotheses are considered classics of the field now. In this research, many methods have been employed in studying of the transverse ...
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Gorges are considered ont of the most attractive and complicated phenomena in geomorphology. Their Complexities have led to some hypotheses about their formation. Some of these hypotheses are considered classics of the field now. In this research, many methods have been employed in studying of the transverse valley of Tang-Takab, such as topographic and geologic maps and aerial-photos.The valley is located in anticline of khaviz in northeast of Behbahan. In surveying the area, several observations were made. We tried to clarify how these gorges were formed in the late cretaceous (Goorpi construction) Ecocene (pabdeh construction) Oligo – Miocene (Asmany calcareous construction) accompanied with Quaternary alluviums. Based on new hypotheses, the progress of formation of gorges in the transverse valley of Tang Takab became clear. The processes are active in changing a vast area in zagrus mountain. Therefore, for interpretation of this phenomenon there is no need to draw on mechanisms, accidents or hypotheses. It should be noticed that formation of transverse valley of Tang-Takab is not related to only one specific process, but to several factors which have happened simultaneously
Mohsen Rezaee Arefi
Volume 21, Issue 84 , February 2013, Pages 95-104
Abstract
Watershed management and water and soil preserving activities are used to eliminate the ill-effects of improper utilization of natural resources. But evalution of watershed management treatments in targeting goals has not yet been scientifically and logically conducted in Iran. In this article watershed ...
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Watershed management and water and soil preserving activities are used to eliminate the ill-effects of improper utilization of natural resources. But evalution of watershed management treatments in targeting goals has not yet been scientifically and logically conducted in Iran. In this article watershed management activities in part of Bande-qora watershed of kashmar which comprises almost 1200 hectares and a population of 834 people was studied. Watershed management activitied in the area started in 1379 and was finished in 1383 with regard to budjet allocation to Khorasan. Watershed management activities in Band-e-qora watershed caused flood control, ground water feeding, decreasing water turbidity and finally caused increased crop rate in the region. These activities affect, crops, migration rate and uncultivated lands utilization. In the study case, watershed management activities include biological and biomechnical operations. Mechanical watershed activities were successful but biological activities did not succeed. Biomechemical activities were also successful.
Sara Sheikh Fakhradini; Ahmad Abbasnejad; Somaye Zahab Nazoori
Volume 21, Issue 84 , February 2013, Pages 105-120
Abstract
Bidkhan inactive stratovolcano lies at 40 km southest of Bardsir in Kerman Province between 56 26 to 56 30 eastern longitude and 29 35 to 29 40 northern ...
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Bidkhan inactive stratovolcano lies at 40 km southest of Bardsir in Kerman Province between 56 26 to 56 30 eastern longitude and 29 35 to 29 40 northern latitude and it is 400 km2 in area. This paper deals with the geoecology of this volcano. For this purpose, after introducing the geoecology discipline, first, geology and topography of this volcano are described. Afterwards, the influence of this volcano on climate, hydrology and vegetation of the area is discussed. And finally its influence on human life is explained. Accordingly, due to the presence of this volcano (as a positive landform), the annual precipiatation has increased about 13 million m3 and the annual temperature has decreased about 4C . So climate of the area has change so that Dommarton index has increased from 15 to 28. In accordance with the climatic change, which has been an increase in precipitation and decrease in temperature, the conditions changed and become appropriate for the creation of a humid valley and a semi-permanent stream draining in its caldera. Also, the vegetation over the stratovolcano has become much denser.
These conditions has led to establishment of several villages in the above – mentioned valley which, as a result of lacking convenient surface for cultivation and also cold climate, depend only on cultivation of nut trees in the valley and herdering on convenient pastures at the surface of the volcano. Hence, the presence of this volcano as a positive landform, has helped human residence and influenced the location of residential areas and human life.
Seyed Ramin Ghafari; Pezhman Mohamadi Dehcheshme
Volume 21, Issue 84 , February 2013, Pages 121-132
Abstract
Pavements and pedestrians as dynamic and static factors in urban space are considered inseparable parts of urban life in developed towns of the world.A great amount of time of citizens in various cities is devoted to walking as a refreshing activity. Overwhelming attention to the needs of drivers and ...
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Pavements and pedestrians as dynamic and static factors in urban space are considered inseparable parts of urban life in developed towns of the world.A great amount of time of citizens in various cities is devoted to walking as a refreshing activity. Overwhelming attention to the needs of drivers and negligence of preservation and management of pavements is regarded as dominant defect and weakness of towns.
In the two or three previous decades attention to movement of pedestrians and their requirements as a forgotten issue made a new view and intention in the field of town planning as a walking revolution.
According to the results of this research (case study of Shahr-e-Kord – melat street) that was achieved by distribution of questionnaires among 262 persons (statical selective society by the method of kookeran) we can see that:
Using of pavements for supplying of goods (loading and evacuation of goods) increasing the blocking phenomenon. Also, there is significant relationship between blocking of pavements and public dissatisfaction.
Rasool Afzali; Zahra Kateb Azgomi
Volume 21, Issue 84 , February 2013, Pages 133-144
Abstract
In every society, having leisure time is considered one of the most important rights of people. Apart from suitable job and reasonable income, every single person of the society must have the opportunity to enjoy leisure time. The necessary legal conditions must be created for every one so that they ...
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In every society, having leisure time is considered one of the most important rights of people. Apart from suitable job and reasonable income, every single person of the society must have the opportunity to enjoy leisure time. The necessary legal conditions must be created for every one so that they can access their rights in a proper atmosphere. Therefore, to investigate the condition of leisure time considering the right of citizens and how much people know about the rights and rules about their leisure time, the role of government and organizations which deal with leisture time and enactment of leisure laws, 210 questionnaires were distributed among people in Laleh Park in Tehran. SPSS and Likert systematic fivefold spectrum were used to process the data. The result indicates that most people enjoy the necessary safety security, and freedom in their leisurely places, but they know nothing much about their legal rights concerning leisure times. Also, it was found that the role of government in organizing and controlling the places for leisure time is important to them. Also it was found that the role of government in organizing and controlling the places for leisure time is important to them.
Shahab Sherafati; Manuchehr Masumi
Volume 21, Issue 84 , February 2013, Pages 145-156
Abstract
Lots of parameters like growing of plants, trees falling across power line, land sliding and flood may lead to massive damage of power line corridors. Therefore, several methods have been used for monitoring and inspecting power lines including field surveying, aerial image analysis and LIDAR analysis ...
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Lots of parameters like growing of plants, trees falling across power line, land sliding and flood may lead to massive damage of power line corridors. Therefore, several methods have been used for monitoring and inspecting power lines including field surveying, aerial image analysis and LIDAR analysis which are very time consuming and expensive. Implimantation of satellite images and remote sensing technology may be an alternative method. But this new method too, may have some limitations in analyzing small features. In this paper, the main objective is to discuss satellite images capabilities in automatic pylon extraction and finding power lines. For this purpose, IRS-P5 satellite images have been used as the main data. This sensor provides panchromatic images with spatial resolution of 2.5 meter. In contrast with some high spatial resolution sensors like WorldviewII and GeoEyeI that provides multispectral images with better spatial and spectral resolution (about 1.6m in multispectral bands and 0.5m in panchromatic band), it is more troublesome to extract pylons in P5 images. Indeed, these sensors can show a pylon and its shadow like two separate triangles, but in P5 images pylons are like dark speckels. Therefore, in this paper several conditions have been used to distinguish pylons and power lines correctly. Results show that the proposed method can satisfactorily extract pylons in homogeneous areas, but in rough regins that have lots of small dark speckles (like vegetation areas), the accuracy decreases. As the second objective of this paper, the capability of satellite images in measuring pylons’ height has been discussed. P5 stereo images can not find the height of the pylons, but sensors with higher spatial resolution, like Worldview I, have this capability. Although, even in this sensors, reaching stereo images matching pylons’ pixel may be a challenging task.
