Hamid Bagheri; Mohammad Reza Malek; Ali Esmaeilie; Mahdieh Ghodsinejad
Abstract
In recent decades, the limitation of urban water resourcesand the wear and tear of transmission lines, the short life span of water network elements, the increasing fracture of pipes and the high losses of networks have led to increased economic and social costs in the utilization of distribution network ...
Read More
In recent decades, the limitation of urban water resourcesand the wear and tear of transmission lines, the short life span of water network elements, the increasing fracture of pipes and the high losses of networks have led to increased economic and social costs in the utilization of distribution network infrastructures. Lack of information, oldness of network data and the absence of spatial information system for incidents is one of the major problems facingmanagement of water transmission networks. Although the provision of such data is supervised by government agencies and is subject to certain standards, the problem of shortage, defect and delay is still evident. One of the solutions proposed to solve this problem is the use of citizen participation in the provision of spatial data. Using the Volunteered Geographic Information environments and the Information ofnative people can be a quicker and less costly method to update the maps. In the context of the present paper, Volunteered Geographic Information environment was used to accelerate the process of servicing in urban water network in cases of problems such as water pipes leakage, pipes rupture, illegal excavations, etc. After modeling and designing the proposed system, it was implemented in the Visual Studio2012 environment and in the ASP.NET framework using C# language.The SQL Server2012 database and GeoDataBase were used to store spatial and non-spatial information, respectively. ArcGIS Server10.2 software was used to enter the maps on the system. At the end, according to the survey resultsobtained from people, about 80 percent of participants in the inquiry were satisfied with the designed system. Also, based on a survey results obtained from four experts of water organization, three of them were satisfied with the design of such a system.
Mir Najaf Mousavi; Mahdi Modiri
Abstract
Development plans are the most important mechanism of government for the realization of justice in society. For this reason, focusing on ecological, economic, physical, social and cultural justice in programming and setting it within the framework of Islamic justice leads to the formation of an equitable ...
Read More
Development plans are the most important mechanism of government for the realization of justice in society. For this reason, focusing on ecological, economic, physical, social and cultural justice in programming and setting it within the framework of Islamic justice leads to the formation of an equitable society and the balanced promotion and progress in all dimensions, areas, strata and various geographical regions of the country. In this regard, land use planning programs are considered as important framework forthe balanced development of the society in all aspects and organizing regional disparities. The purpose of this research is to prioritize the indices of Islamic-Iranian justice in realizing land use planning and balanced development in Iran. The type of research is applied-fundamental, and the applied method is descriptive-analytical. Evaluation Indicators of Islamic-Iranian justice are 35 ecological, physical, economic, social, and cultural justice indexes. The statistical population is 31 provinces of the country. The data collection tool is the study of documents and information of general population and housing censuses in various indicators.Network analysis model and structural equation modeling were used to analyze the data.. The results of the network analysis model show that economic justice indexes with the highest value of 0.282have the greatest role in regional inequalities among the provinces of the country, because in most of the indicators studied, there are differences in terms of wealth and income distribution, the spread of poverty, the income of households per capita, which lead to the lack of justice realization in the society. Also, the analytical findings of structural equation modeling show that the components of economic justice in different regions of the country are very different. Based on the estimated standardized coefficients of the structural model of the research, the level of significance is equal to 0.079 which indicates the effects of economic factorson regional inequalities in the country with a direct and positive coefficient of 0.86 (9.51). It can be said that these inequalities are due to disregarding the balance in the country, and imbalances areevident in resources, activities, facilities, population, services or accumulation in some population areas including metropolises which arein contradiction with the Islamic justice and fair distribution of services and facilities and leads to questioning social justice. Finally, strategies for organizing regional inequalities within the framework of Islamic justice and the realization of territorial justice have been presented.
Mohsen Ahad Nejad Roshti; Shahrivar Roustaei; Mohammad Javad Kameli far
Abstract
Urban road network is one of the most important urban arteries which has a significant impact on the relief and rescue operations, the evacuation of the injured and harmed people, especially after the crisis. Therefore, assessing the vulnerability of urban road network and planning to reduce these ...
Read More
Urban road network is one of the most important urban arteries which has a significant impact on the relief and rescue operations, the evacuation of the injured and harmed people, especially after the crisis. Therefore, assessing the vulnerability of urban road network and planning to reduce these harms is necessary. This descriptive-analytical research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the urban road network against earthquake by crisis management approach in region 1 of the city of Tabriz. In order to assess the vulnerability of urban road network of Tabriz region 1, three criteria of confinement degree, density, and constructional characteristics were selected. The density criterion includes the sub-criteria of population density and constructional density and the criterion of building characteristics includes five sub-criteria ofage of the building, the quality of the building, type of use, occupation level and type of materials. Each one of these sub-criteria has several sub-criteria as well, which were evaluated by Delphi method. Finally, after assessing the vulnerability of the roads in each sub-criterion, the layers were overlaid by the Multi-criteria Evaluation (MCE) method in the form of IDRISI software. The final results indicate that the vulnerability of the study area roads network (excludingthe newly built neighborhoods) is more than moderate, and is mostly high and very high.The vulnerability of the roads networkis more common in informal residential neighborhoods which should be considered as a priority in planning.
Saleh Arekhi
Abstract
The face of the earth is always changing due to human activities and natural phenomena. Therefore, in order to optimize the management of the natural areas, knowledge of the ratio of land cover / land use changes is considered necessary.The present study was conducted to detect changes in land cover/land ...
Read More
The face of the earth is always changing due to human activities and natural phenomena. Therefore, in order to optimize the management of the natural areas, knowledge of the ratio of land cover / land use changes is considered necessary.The present study was conducted to detect changes in land cover/land use in Abdanan region over a period of 25 years. In order to carry out the research, images of the years of 1985, 2000 and 2010 from TM, ETM + and TM sensors of Landsat satellite were used, and the map of the change detection was prepared and the final results was presented after performing the necessary corrections in the preprocessing stage, by the object-oriented classification of the images in the IdrisiSelvi software environment.The results show that during the period from 1985 to 2010, we are witnessing the decreasing trend of lands with moderate and good rangeland cover, which indicates the general trend of destruction in the region through the replacement of moderate and good pastures by the uses of poor pasture and barren lands. The extracted coefficients of validity assessment (total accuracy and kappa coefficient of 95% and 94% respectively) indicate the high accuracy of this classification method.
According to the results obtained from this research, it is suggested that the object-oriented classification method to be used in the preparation of land cover / land use maps and also the detection of changes.
Yashar Zaki; Atefe Golfeshan
Abstract
With the acceleration of the ‘globalization’ process, especially the "globalization of the economy," a group of scholars made new theories and argued that the process of globalization has eliminated the importance of "locations", and the "distance and boundaries" are no longer meaningful. ...
Read More
With the acceleration of the ‘globalization’ process, especially the "globalization of the economy," a group of scholars made new theories and argued that the process of globalization has eliminated the importance of "locations", and the "distance and boundaries" are no longer meaningful. With the acceleration of the process of globalization, especially the "globalization of the economy," a group of scholars have made new theories and argued that the globalization process eliminated the importance of "places", and "distance and boundaries" have no meanings any longer. They claimed (geography no longer exists) and "geographic maps" are not so effective in the new world. In response to these comments, many geographers have conducted a series of critical researches and compilation of articles criticizing this claim. One of these is the preparation of "new geopolitical maps”.In this research, a descriptive-analytical method and, library and computer resources were used to see what impact the globalization has had on geopolitical map and whether globalization has diminished the role of geography and political maps. As we know, cities in the globalization arena, took on new roles outside their political boundaries, and sometimes found their importance beyond their own governments. Instead of focusing on the countries and real boundaries, "new geopolitical maps" have moved towards maps that take the "urban relations" into consideration and in which, real boundaries are not so important. In this regard, some valuable works have been done, one of which is the work of Taylor and his colleagues. The "new geopolitical maps" focus on communication between cities around the world. Mapping the communications of cities around the world contributes to a new representation of the "space of global economic flows" that complements the "international political space of locations" rather than replacing it. In other words, new maps of the economic flows of global cities are only supplement to the international political map of countries that provide an appropriate space framework for understanding the new social changes under globalization conditions.
Reza Aghataher; Mohammad Fallah Zezoli; Mehrdad Zarafshar; Mohsen Jafari
Abstract
The present research was conducted with the aim of locating the susceptible military centers and determining the favorable areas for its construction in a part of dense forests in Golestan province-Ali Abad Katoulcity, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS). ...
Read More
The present research was conducted with the aim of locating the susceptible military centers and determining the favorable areas for its construction in a part of dense forests in Golestan province-Ali Abad Katoulcity, using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geographic Information System (GIS). For this purpose, using defense experts’ opinions, university professors, military experts and resources review, information layers, slope percentage, slope direction, elevation classes, distance from the canal network, distance from the road, distance from villages, lithology, density of vegetation and distance from urban areas as factors affecting the location of susceptible military centers in forest areas were identified and the aforementioned maps were prepared and digitized in the GIS environment.In the next step, standard AHP forms were prepared and assigned to different experts in order to weight and prioritize effective factors. Weighted forms were collected and each of them was analyzed separately in Expert Choice software and AHP module in Arc GIS 9.3 software. Finally, the weight of each of the criteria and sub-criteria related to the target was determined. The results of the evaluation showed that the three factors of distance from the city (0.321), distance from the road (0.217) and lithology (0.176) have had the most impacts on the location of the susceptible defense centers of the study area, while the density of the vegetation (0.023) and direction of slope (0.017) have had the least effects. Eventually, the final potential map of the susceptible defense centers was prepared using the AHP model in the GIS software environment, and was divided into four subcategories of low potential (9.07%), medium (41.8%), high (30.01%) and very high (19.13%).
Reza Mansouri; Amir Safari
Abstract
Parts of the earth's crust have tectonic motions in the present time and will be susceptible to danger in the future. Therefore, geomorphologicforms are very sensitive to the tectonic activities and change by this movements. The assessment of tectonic activities using some quantitative indicators ...
Read More
Parts of the earth's crust have tectonic motions in the present time and will be susceptible to danger in the future. Therefore, geomorphologicforms are very sensitive to the tectonic activities and change by this movements. The assessment of tectonic activities using some quantitative indicators plays an important role in identifying these activities and helpsto interpret the tectonic condition of the areas
Research Methodology: In this research, indices such as Stream length gradient index (SL), Valley floor-valley height ratio (VF), Asymmetric factor (AF), Topographic inversion symmetry (T), Drainage basin shape ratio (BS), and meanders of rivers (S)have been used to determine the tectonic activities in Frahzad basin in north of Tehran metropolis. The research method is based on the analytical method. The Physical and conceptual tools used in this research include the topographic and geological maps of the study area, satellite images and GIS software in the form of ARC GIS 10. Also, the quantitative results obtained during several stages of fieldwork were evaluated Discussion and Results: This basin, with an area of 35.8 kilometersis one of the sub-basins of the mountainous area in north of Tehran city which is considered to be an appropriate place to evaluate the relative tectonic activity due to the occurrence of the foothill processes (mainly sliding and falling). Farahzad River of this basin comes from the eastern heights of Imam ZadehDavood.
Conclusion: The results of the research indicate that the Farahzad basin is in active status based on the SL, VF, AF, T, SMF, EU, FD and S indices, and is only in Semi-active status based on the BS index.
The analysis of these quantities in general indicate the activity of this basin in the present time and the basinis classified in Class 1 based on the IAT(Index of relative active tectonics)index. These results are consistent with geomorphological evidences including landslide occurrence in the region.
Nahid Sajadian
Abstract
To date, a number of plans have been implemented to reduce air pollution in the city of Tehran.But the problem is that, along with other shortcomings,these planshave often been a passive and temporaryreaction to the increase of air pollution with adherence to crisis management rather than risk management, ...
Read More
To date, a number of plans have been implemented to reduce air pollution in the city of Tehran.But the problem is that, along with other shortcomings,these planshave often been a passive and temporaryreaction to the increase of air pollution with adherence to crisis management rather than risk management, and no decision-making support system has been used in management decisions based on these plans.Therefore, due to the importance of the subject, this research was carried out by an analytical-applied method using hourly data, carbon monoxide density of 12 stations from a collection of air pollution measurement stations belonging to the air quality company, as well as meteorological dataof wind speed, wind direction and the temperature at the Mehrabad station, all related to the year 1389, and the number of the cars on the highways and streets of city of Tehran with the aim of predicting the temporal-spatial air pollution caused by the urban transport of Tehran Metropolis in line with the application of the spatial decision- making of the air quality management and with the ultimate goal of optimal management of urban transport of Tehran Metropolis. In this regard, since the ultimate goal of the present study is to use its results in controlling the optimal urban transportation as an important source of air pollutants, the LUR method was used to measure carbon monoxide index in the transportationof Tehran metropolis along with other pollutants. An artificial neural network was then used to predict the time of the possible occurrence of air pollution with emphasis on using risk management, and then, based on time predictions resulted from the artificial neural network, the regions with high possibility of air pollution occurrence were identified using the Kriging index.According to the findings of this research,the results were appropriate, so that this model could be used in the air quality management support system to reach the ultimate goal of optimal urban transport management in Tehran Metropolis.
