Seyyed Nematollah Rashidifard; Arman Gheysvandi; Mohammad Mohit; Seyyed Samad Daneshi
Volume 23, SEPEHR , July 2014, , Pages 48-53
Abstract
In urban areas, harmful influences of natural disasters include a combination of physical destructions and disruption in functions of urban elements. Destruction of structures and residential buildings, route networks and access points like bridges and communication roads and basic installations like ...
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In urban areas, harmful influences of natural disasters include a combination of physical destructions and disruption in functions of urban elements. Destruction of structures and residential buildings, route networks and access points like bridges and communication roads and basic installations like water reservoirs, power plants, telephone lines, electricity, water pumps, gas, etc. are among these physical destructions and disruptions. Transportation network is the most important element in helping people and saving their lives after earthquakes. Optimal functioning of transportation network can decrease direct and indirect influences of crisis. This shows the importance of time and decreasing delay time in helping victims. Optimizing traffic allocation and finding the best place for fire stations in Dehdasht city are among goals and objectives of this study. It analyzes urban transportation network using GIS. A map is produced to show optimal places for building fire stations in Dehdasht city in regard to the situation of the present stations and also considering limitations and problems, weak and strong points.
Mohammad Motamedi; Arezoo Gholinejad Mir Abbasi; Mojtaba Sabet Kushkinian; Hojjat Hataminejad
Volume 23, SEPEHR , July 2014, , Pages 106-112
Abstract
Selecting a site for solid waste landfill is an important procedure in managing municipal solid waste and landfill sites should be selected with great precision and through a scientific process. Therefore, it is possible to select an appropriate site for solid waste landfill in accordance with environmental ...
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Selecting a site for solid waste landfill is an important procedure in managing municipal solid waste and landfill sites should be selected with great precision and through a scientific process. Therefore, it is possible to select an appropriate site for solid waste landfill in accordance with environmental criteria using geographic information system. The present article is descriptive-analytic. Secondary research and field study were simultaneously used for data collection. It seeks to locate an optimal site for solid waste landfill in Faruj city. In this study, we first investigated factors and principles of locating municipal solid waste landfill according to valid resources. Then, maps of influential factors on locating municipal landfill were prepared and valuated based on information layers and spatial analyzer tool, using geographic information system. According to geological indexes, distance from the river, distance from residential area, landfill is located in an inappropriate zone. Ultimately, the maps were integrated and combined. Analyzing the final map of Faruj solid waste landfill, we concluded that locating principles and standards were disregarded and the present landfill site is in an inappropriate zone.
Seyyedeh Fatemeh Hoseini; Mohammad Soleymani; Farhad Azizpour; Zahra Porbar
Volume 23, Issue 89 , May 2014, , Pages 46-53
Abstract
Annually, earthquake damnify many countries dramatically and damages human communities physically and psychologically. Regarding absolute annual average of people facing earthquake threat, Iran ranks 7th in Asia and 13th in the world. Throughout history, Qiru Karzin city has always faced devastating ...
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Annually, earthquake damnify many countries dramatically and damages human communities physically and psychologically. Regarding absolute annual average of people facing earthquake threat, Iran ranks 7th in Asia and 13th in the world. Throughout history, Qiru Karzin city has always faced devastating earthquakes which have resulted in many losses and damages in rural and urban areas. In this regard, spatial information system can play an influential role in identifying areas facing earthquake hazard, their dispersion, the quality of physical structure in danger and analyzing economic, social and demographic features of the area in danger. The present study seeks to identify secure and unsecure zones and find appropriate locations for crisis management bases in Qiru Karzin. To reach this goal, information received from different criteria is studied and classified into three classes of natural variables, physical variables and institutional-management variables. Then, information layers of different criteria are entered into GIS environment and standardized using Fuzzy linear functions. Later, maps are integrated using Fuzzy Plus. Finally, appropriate and inappropriate zones are identified regarding risk taking and construction of crisis management bases. According to the research results, three villages were selected based on their capability for creating crisis management bases in three levels. These villages will aid rural municipalities (Dehyaris) in the process of crisis management in Qiru Karzin and in reaching goals of crisis management bases using geographic information system capabilities .
Elham Ghasemifar; Somayyeh Naserpoor
Volume 23, Issue 89 , May 2014, , Pages 54-60
Abstract
Zoning by climatic elements and factors is one of the most crucial issues which is of interest due to its importance in agriculture and architecture. Climate is the result and function of dominant elements and factors in the area. In this article, zoning is performed based on monthly temperature and ...
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Zoning by climatic elements and factors is one of the most crucial issues which is of interest due to its importance in agriculture and architecture. Climate is the result and function of dominant elements and factors in the area. In this article, zoning is performed based on monthly temperature and precipitation average in 16 synoptic stations of Zagros area using 4 analytical methods - analyzing the main component, seasonal Z-score of temperature and precipitation, standard deviation of monthly and seasonal temperature, and climatic coefficients (De Martonne’s aridity index and Peggy climogram). These selected stations possess the most complete statistics since establishment in 2005. Z score results were verified using variance analysis. In the first 3 methods, zoning was performed using Ward’s method. 3 main components and 5 areas were identified which justify 91.84 percent of variable variances. Z score shows 5 areas in spring and autumn, and 4 areas in summer and winter for rainfall, and 4 areas in summer and 3 areas in other seasons for temperature. Variance analysis test proved the hypothesis (inequality of the areas). 5 main areas were reached based on the temperature data. Applying De Martonne aridity index and Peggy climogram, 3 and 4 areas were verified respectively. Finally, maps of precipitation and temperature areas of Zagros were produced by Inverse Distance Weighted method in GIS environment.
Marzieh Khanahmadi; Mahdi Arabi; Alireza Vafaienejad; Hani Rezaiean
Volume 23, Issue 89 , May 2014, , Pages 88-98
Abstract
Constructing new urban facilities needs a precise investigation on the right method of establishing such facilities in different areas of the city. Selecting an optimal place based on different and sometimes controversial characteristics is the first fundamental issue in correct allocation of urban facilities. ...
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Constructing new urban facilities needs a precise investigation on the right method of establishing such facilities in different areas of the city. Selecting an optimal place based on different and sometimes controversial characteristics is the first fundamental issue in correct allocation of urban facilities. This is especially important if crucial issues like human life are also considered. Thus due to the importance of endangered human lives, optimal selection of fire stations is considered to be crucial. Considering the uncertainty about information sufficiency and comprehensiveness of inferences drawn by tools like spatial information system, fuzzy model is used in combination with analytic hierarchy process. In the beginning step of the study, influential factors in locating fire stations were determined and standard maps were produced and prepared. During the study, a survey performed on the experts opinions indicated that these criteria do not have the same influence in locating stations. Thus, these criteria should be assigned different weights based on their importance and influence. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and Export choice software were used to weight these criteria. After collecting expert opinions and in order to avoid possible non-expert opinions, adaptability of the judgments were calculated. After verifying CR values, these weights were used in subsequent steps. In the next step, fuzzy logic was used to rate these layers. Prepared layers were transformed into fuzzy logics using different membership functions which were selected according to experts’ opinion. Finally, AHP and weighted linear combination (WLC) were used to integrate fuzzy criteria with fuzzy membership functions and calculated weights, and in this way appropriate zones for building fire stations were identified and determined. Simply relying on the map results cannot have the necessary efficiency in locating an optimal place for the fire stations. Therefore, standard functional radius of available stations were determined using network analysis in GIS environment. Then, places with a high score for building stations and those covering whole area in a standard time were selected. This research seeks to display the efficiency of applying integrative logic for ranking layers using AHP in GIS environment. The integrated model benefits from high capabilities and it can be applied for different goals (selecting the optimal place for a site) and in different spatial situations.
Gholamhoseyn Salehabadi
Volume 22, SEPEHR , July 2013, , Pages 30-34
Abstract
Jovin plain with an area of 6980 km2 is a syncline between two anticlines of Choghatay elevations in south and Shah Jahan elevations in North. Its main drainage is Kalshur River in Jovin. Because of more than 1110 deep and semi-deep wells being exploited and lack of correct planning in groundwater resources, ...
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Jovin plain with an area of 6980 km2 is a syncline between two anticlines of Choghatay elevations in south and Shah Jahan elevations in North. Its main drainage is Kalshur River in Jovin. Because of more than 1110 deep and semi-deep wells being exploited and lack of correct planning in groundwater resources, this plain have been introduced as a critical areas in Khorasan-e Razavi province. Relatively high density villages, dominance of agricultural activities, industrial factories like Qand-e Jovin and Jamco ferro-chromium, and the fact that two important population centers in the plain (Neqab and Choghatay) have been changed into a town in recent years will definitely result in increasing exploitation of groundwater resources, intensification of ground subsidence and creates new considerations for urban planners. In order to study the relation between ground subsidence and exploitation of groundwater resources, the present article produces and investigates topographic, geologic maps, and satellite imageries and performs field and secondary study. In the next step, piezometric maps of ground water resources were produced using meteorological information and statistics. Ground subsidence zoning map of this plain was produced using GIS techniques. The map indicates that ground subsidence happened mostly in areas where villages have a higher density and population. Moreover, industries in the area were highly influential. Finally based on the geomorphologic maps and zoning of groundwater resources reduction, suggestions are provided regarding feeding of groundwater resources and ground subsidence.
Ali Zangiabadi; Farahnaz Abolhasani
Volume 22, Issue 86 , June 2013, , Pages 63-73
Abstract
System using GIS and RS performed one of the newest methods in land evaluation and land preparations are projects. Therefore, to inform users the full capabilities and limitations of the GIS and RS tools in preparation programs and land management in order to avoid inaccurate assessment will be necessary. ...
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System using GIS and RS performed one of the newest methods in land evaluation and land preparations are projects. Therefore, to inform users the full capabilities and limitations of the GIS and RS tools in preparation programs and land management in order to avoid inaccurate assessment will be necessary. This study assessed agricultural land management using GIS and RS tools was conducted in Isfahan. Methods “descriptive” of the quantitative models used. Population of the study, including the city of Isfahan province Be. And finally to provide part of the information needs agricultural sector, estimated level of agricultural lands and preparing map Isfahan province using GIS has been drawn. The results show that, the city of the province in terms of area of agricultural lands were classified in four levels that city (Isfahan), Located in the First level, Naeen, Khomeini Shahr, Lenjan Khansar in the Fourth level and other. Cities are located between these two levels.
Arman Gheysvandi
Volume 22, SEPEHR , April 2013, , Pages 98-101
Abstract
Recently, the necessity of considering natural resources as the basis and foundation for the development of economic infrastructure in developing countries (like ours) has become quite clear. The necessity of decent development and management, allocating facilities, using domestic potentials and knowledge ...
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Recently, the necessity of considering natural resources as the basis and foundation for the development of economic infrastructure in developing countries (like ours) has become quite clear. The necessity of decent development and management, allocating facilities, using domestic potentials and knowledge of natural geographical spaces are among the priorities of the country management. Nowadays, planning has been accepted as the most influential tool in facing complex problems and providing key solutions for managing crisis and allocating facilities. This requires a holistic and complete knowledge of the geographic area on one hand, and integrated, synchronic analysis of all influential elements in that area. This knowledge and analysis needs a system which can store all spatial features in an information bank and represent them according to the needs of the planner in the form of map and information tables. Geographic Information System (GIS) has been introduced in the last decades as one the most influential planning tools in collecting, analyzing and representing information visualy. The present article seeks to investigate the status and role of information system in different studies on natural resources and its influences.
Ashraf Mandani
Volume 21, SEPEHR , February 2013, , Pages 48-50
Abstract
Water resources and their appropriate exploitation are among important and critical issues in deserts and semi-desert areas. Qom has always faced water shortage and Panzdah-e Khordad Dam was built between Qom and Delijan to resolve the problem. This dam faces lots of sedimentation. This inevitably results ...
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Water resources and their appropriate exploitation are among important and critical issues in deserts and semi-desert areas. Qom has always faced water shortage and Panzdah-e Khordad Dam was built between Qom and Delijan to resolve the problem. This dam faces lots of sedimentation. This inevitably results in dam filling and shortening of its useful life. Therefore, studying erodibility potential in upstream basin is essential. The present study primarily seeks to divide the basin into different zones based on formations sensitivity to erosion and their role in the creation of new sediments. To reach this goal, boundaries of Panzdah-e Khordad Dam basin were identified using 1:50000 topographic maps. Then, it was carefully implemented on 1:50000 geological map of Qom-Delijan. After producing geological maps, channels, precipitation, geomorphology, slope and soil permeability were digitalized. Then, erodibility intensity in Panzdah-e Khordad Dam basin was produced using GIS, layer scoring and integrating techniques (Overlay index). Results indicate that sensitive units with severe erosion cover a vast area of central basin and a large volume of soil in this semi-desert area is sedimenting in Panzdah-e Khordad Dam reservoir. Finally, the article proposes some logical solutions to control and reduce erodibility of soil.
Siamak Taghizadeh ghaleh jooghi; Manuchehr Masumi
Volume 21, SEPEHR , February 2013, , Pages 59-65
Abstract
Land forms are always changing because of human activities and natural phenomena. In urban environment, these changes happen with more diversity and speed. As a result, understanding land use changes is essential for optimal urban management. Thus, accessing information regarding land use and its changes ...
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Land forms are always changing because of human activities and natural phenomena. In urban environment, these changes happen with more diversity and speed. As a result, understanding land use changes is essential for optimal urban management. Thus, accessing information regarding land use and its changes over time are among important issues in urban management. Population growth and overusing the earth potential have increased the pressure on environment. Therefore, controlling the trend of urban development is necessary.
Using the new and precise tool of GIS and RS sciences and techniques, satellite images and aerial photos, scholars, researchers and planners can investigate and study environmental and physical changes of the city in different time periods, exploit and analyze data, control and predict urban development trend.
In order to determine level of land use changes in Naqade during 1964-1999, the present article investigate and analyze aerial photos and satellite images in different land uses and land covers in five different classes like residential classes, roads, vegetation, jungles, and surface water. Results were determined and digitalized in different layers for the sake of comparing and analyzing the changes.
Siavush Shayan; Gholam Reza Zare; Shahram Amiri
Volume 20, Issue 79 , November 2011, , Pages 37-45
Abstract
The science of Geomorphology is the study of ground surface unevenness. Geomorphology provides the best basis for classifying the ground. One of the outcomes of the work of Geomorphologists is the preparation of geomorphologic map, which is the result of long-term research efforts. The preparation of ...
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The science of Geomorphology is the study of ground surface unevenness. Geomorphology provides the best basis for classifying the ground. One of the outcomes of the work of Geomorphologists is the preparation of geomorphologic map, which is the result of long-term research efforts. The preparation of these maps always follows certain principles and methods. Obviously, in recent years, geomorphologic maps have been developed using new techniques and computer manipulations such as GIS. The important issue of geomorphologic maps is the standardization, which has been remarkable, and some action has been taken in this regard. The purpose of the preparation of geomorphologic maps is to record the information on landforms, materials, soil and rock, ground processes and, in some cases, the age of the landforms. In this way, they provide a basis for ground-based assessment that is useful in many environmental issues. Therefore, geomorphologic maps are not only a scientific and research basis for different researchers, but regarded as a tool for sustainable development and advancement. Familiarity with it, the way of drawing and its developments, the necessity and the aspect of its applicability are of significant importance.
Alireza Ma'man push; Reza Tofangsaaz
Volume 20, Issue 79 , November 2011, , Pages 74-77
Abstract
The physical development of cities is a dynamic and continuous process that, if unplanned and rapid, will endanger urban systems. Undoubtedly, green space and urban environment are amongst the most important factors in the sustainability of natural and human life in modern urbanization. In addition to ...
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The physical development of cities is a dynamic and continuous process that, if unplanned and rapid, will endanger urban systems. Undoubtedly, green space and urban environment are amongst the most important factors in the sustainability of natural and human life in modern urbanization. In addition to the aesthetic role, the green space of the city will be of great help in moderating the air. Meanwhile, the issue of development combined with the need to expand the green space and its locating in the city is inevitable in the future of urban development. The city of Isfahan has been recognized as one of the most important and beautiful cities in Iran and a place to attract domestic and foreign tourists. One of the main reasons for this is the passage of Zayandeh Rood through the city, which has endowed the city with freshness and greenery. Regular urban greenery mapping, in addition to the huge cost involved, is also time consuming. Urban green space mapping by satellite imagery, being up-to-date and enjoying time series, is less costly and of higher speed, and can achieve the desired results by performing necessary processes on satellite images using related softwares. In this investigation, the city of Isfahan has been studied in terms of the urban area and the green space expansion, as well as the trend of population growth and per capita green space during the two years of 1923 and 2007 using existing maps and satellite imagery. Furthurmore, its adaptaion has been analyzed by the GIS analyst system, as well as the development of urban green space, the expansion of the city and its changes.
Rahim Sarvar; Mehran Rezaei
Volume 20, Issue 79 , November 2011, , Pages 78-84
Abstract
This paper was prepared in response to the UCGIS consortium in the summer of 1999. The objective of this challenge is to review the successes and inferences of geographic information science related to urban and regional planning. This study outlines five areas for the distribution of geographic ...
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This paper was prepared in response to the UCGIS consortium in the summer of 1999. The objective of this challenge is to review the successes and inferences of geographic information science related to urban and regional planning. This study outlines five areas for the distribution of geographic information science. The development of a geographical database will be helpful for analyzing the planning of combination of geophysical technologies with urban models, the development of planning support systems and facilitating participation in research and education challenges. While scientific advances in building tools are effective in supporting the planning process, little effort has been made on applied guidance in strategic information management. This weakness in the dissemination of the tools of planning limits the application of science for politics and decision making, which is necessary for environmental, social and economic development. The educational process, which is the first important step in technology transfer, contains many challangs, For example, the availability of suitable facilities for the training of planning professionals and other participants in the planning process, and the preparation of the required infrastructure for education and research. Therefore, further research and policy development in the following areas will increase the performance of planning support systems and tools: training and technology transfer, database building, protection and availability, standardization and regulation.
Ahmad Taghdisi; Seddigheh Kiani; Farnaz Abolhasani; Zahra Soltani
Volume 20, Issue 78 , August 2011, , Pages 26-32
Abstract
Given the resource limitations and the upward trend of development, if this movement is not accompanied by proper management and planning, it can create problems. Because any development requires the exploitation and use of natural resources. Therefore, it can have direct or indirect effects on nature. ...
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Given the resource limitations and the upward trend of development, if this movement is not accompanied by proper management and planning, it can create problems. Because any development requires the exploitation and use of natural resources. Therefore, it can have direct or indirect effects on nature. Optimal use of soil and water resources and ways to predict and reduce their problems have always been the objectives of correct and principled agricultural development in order to obtain the highest returns from the minimum resources. Water use optimum management has been the subject of much discussion in many expert circles in the past few decades, in all of which, emphasis has been placed on monitoring and evaluation as the keys to success. Many irrigation and drainage networks operate on the basis of supply and demand management and usually deliver water regardless of the actual water requirement. In irrigation and drainage networks, due to the scattering of farms, the size of the land, the variety of cultivation and the distance between the place of extraction and the point of delivery, management of utility and maintenance is not possible without taking the interactions of the above factors into account. Moreover, in irrigation networks, descriptive data is produced daily on a massive scale that requires organizing, analyzing and deciding, which are very difficult with traditional methods and requires the use of the new systems such as GIS and remote sensing. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the geographic information system and remote sensing and their application in irrigation and drainage networks management.
Mohammad Hassan Sadough; Teimur Ja'fari; Hojjatollah Eskandari
Volume 19, Issue 76 , February 2011, , Pages 34-38
Abstract
Investigating factors effective in occurrence of landslides in a region and the zoning of the resulting risks can effectively help reduce the damage caused by this phenomenon. The present research is an attempt in this field, and by analyzing the effective factors of landslide formation, attempts to ...
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Investigating factors effective in occurrence of landslides in a region and the zoning of the resulting risks can effectively help reduce the damage caused by this phenomenon. The present research is an attempt in this field, and by analyzing the effective factors of landslide formation, attempts to carry out the zoning of the risk of mass movements of Gharah Chay watershed using analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Gharah Chai Basin is one of the sub-basins of the Atrak River. In this study, first the factors affecting the occurrence of landslides in the area were investigated, and the most important factors were identified to be lithology, slope alignment (structure, topography), slope, slope direction, land use, distance from village, the drainage network density, distance from river, distance from fault, and elevation classes in order, and then the landslide distribution map was prepared. In the hierarchical analysis method, the ten above factors were used. In this method, the factors considered are compared in pairs and the weight of the factors is calculated. For classifying the factors, they were scored with taking the percentage of slip level into account. At the end, the zoning model was obtained by considering the weights obtained for each factor and the scores obtained. Accordingly, the range was divided into five level of risks. The map was divided into five classes with very high (2.6 km2), high (14.4 km2), medium (14.5 km2), low (4.6 km2) and very low risk (1.8 km2).
Nahid Sajjadian; Mahyar Sajjadian
Volume 19, Issue 75 , November 2010, , Pages 78-83
Abstract
Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in the world in terms of air pollution, and according to surveys, about 70% of this contamination is due to transportation and heavy traffic. Traffic monitoring is now being conducted using traffic lights and related equipment, as well as air pollution sensing ...
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Tehran is one of the most polluted cities in the world in terms of air pollution, and according to surveys, about 70% of this contamination is due to transportation and heavy traffic. Traffic monitoring is now being conducted using traffic lights and related equipment, as well as air pollution sensing stations. But the problem is that these systems lack the necessary ability of immediate reactions and traffic management in terms of time and location and according to air quality index. It seems that the use of an expert system based on GPS, dynamic GIS, and timed relationship databases is capable of providing intelligence and immediate operation to the traffic control system. The research method is analytical-practical. According to the findings of the research, the expert system, based on the correct use of GIS, GPS and timed relationship databases, is capable of providing intelligence and immediate reactions to a traffic control system based on air quality management. Finally, based on the findings of the research, a conceptual design of such an expert system was proposed.
Hakimeh Ghanbari; Mohsen Ahadnejad
Volume 18, Issue 72 , February 2010, , Pages 52-57
Abstract
Geographic information systems (GIS), with the management of transport information sources and the establishment of interconnection with them, facilitate access to traffic and service information. In fact, the goal of creating a GIS for the transportation system is to create a database linking transportation ...
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Geographic information systems (GIS), with the management of transport information sources and the establishment of interconnection with them, facilitate access to traffic and service information. In fact, the goal of creating a GIS for the transportation system is to create a database linking transportation information and GIS. In this paper, we aimed to explain and clarify the practical applications of GIS software in the field of transportation using descriptive-analytical method, and to analyze the locating process of vital facilities and equipment as well as some important uses in East Azarbaijan province relative to the route factor. In this research, the Network Analysis model has been considered as one of the most suitable methods for determining the shortest route for access to facilities or users, and has been implemented in the GIS software to provide access to the use of public parking lots in Tabriz city. The results indicate that GIS is one of the very suitable tools in optimal transportation planning and that Network Analysis model can be employed to determine the shortest and best route in terms of service and availability in transportation planning.
Hasanali Faraji Sabokbar; Morteza Zera'ati
Volume 17, Issue 66 , August 2008, , Pages 24-31
Abstract
Undoubtedly, the flood is known as a natural disaster, but in practice, the flood is one of the most terrible natural disasters in the world in both terms of mortality and financial losses. Between 1988 and 1997, around 390,000 people were killed in natural disasters around the world, 58% of whom were ...
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Undoubtedly, the flood is known as a natural disaster, but in practice, the flood is one of the most terrible natural disasters in the world in both terms of mortality and financial losses. Between 1988 and 1997, around 390,000 people were killed in natural disasters around the world, 58% of whom were related to flood, 26% were affected by earthquake, and 16% victims of hurricanes and other disasters. Total damage over the past 10 years was about $ 700 billion, of which 33, 29, and 28 per cent were related to flood, storm and earthquakes, respectively. In this regard, a worrying issue has been the increasing trend of mortality and flood damage in the world in recent decades. The phenomenon of flood in Iran is considered as the most harmful natural disaster whose damages account for more than 70% of the whole natural disasters. Increasing population and assets in floodplains, hydrosystem changes and destructive effects of human activities have been among the main reasons for this trend. Today, with the development of information technology, much emphasis has been put on the use of GIS to model and assess the dangers and damage caused by floods. The high speed and precision of these systems, their vast coverage and multi-aspect nature, and their ease of use and low cost have made them more and more utilized in managing the flood crisis. In this paper, we tried to use the GIS technique in managing the flood risk crisis in Kashan area.
Mas'oud Taghvaei; Elham Amirhajlou
Volume 17, Issue 65 , May 2008, , Pages 52-59
Abstract
It has been proved today that efficient urban management is not practical without utilizing up-to-date information on land uses and trends of their changes, the type and extent of activities, physical growth of the city, and so on. Hence a need for various information equipment in this regard has been ...
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It has been proved today that efficient urban management is not practical without utilizing up-to-date information on land uses and trends of their changes, the type and extent of activities, physical growth of the city, and so on. Hence a need for various information equipment in this regard has been developed, and the amount of up-to-date information has increased in organizations associated with urban affairs. The Global Positioning System (GPS), as one of the most important and reliable positioning technologies and the Geographic Information System (GIS) as a reference system of reception and optimal management of positional information, plays an important role in position-based analyses. The combination of these two systems provides new and comprehensive capabilities in position-based management.
Alirerza Sofianian; Samereh Falahatkar
Volume 17, Issue 68 , February 2008, , Pages 13-18
Abstract
Remote sensing and GIS are widely used in identifying and analyzing land use change. Satellite remote sensing provides multi-time and multi-spectral data that can be used to quantify the type and amount and position of land use change. Furthermore, the GIS also provides a flexible environment for displaying, ...
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Remote sensing and GIS are widely used in identifying and analyzing land use change. Satellite remote sensing provides multi-time and multi-spectral data that can be used to quantify the type and amount and position of land use change. Furthermore, the GIS also provides a flexible environment for displaying, storing and analyzing the digital data needed to detect changes. Since environmental changes are important in order to give a general impression of the region's environment and build credible hypotheses based on sustainable development, detecting these changes is an important process in the monitoring and management of natural resources and urban development. Detection of changes is also considered as a part of modern science due to dependence on remote sensing sciences and GIS. With the rapid growth of cities in recent years, the recognition of their biophysical compounds and their dynamism is of particular importance and is considered as an important research topic. The operations that are carried out in the course of digital analysis and interpretation of satellite data and with the aim of identifying and distinguishing ground phenomena can be summarized in three stages of initial surveys and information preparation, classification of information and finalized reviews and processing. Geometric correction of images and their classification based on existing methods and algorithms, and the accuracy of production maps, and finally comparing the maps at different times are among the stages of detecting changes. In the present study, we try to describe the steps briefly.
Mohammad Reza Servati; Mohammad Mahdi Hosseinzadeh; Saeed Khezri; Aadel Mansouri
Volume 17, Issue 68 , February 2008, , Pages 25-32
Abstract
Mass movements zoning is one of the methods that can help to identify critical areas in terms of slope stability and to use the zoning map obtained in sustainable development planning (Karam, 2002, p. 25). The Sanandaj-Dehgolan route is considered as one of the main routes and of highest traffic in the ...
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Mass movements zoning is one of the methods that can help to identify critical areas in terms of slope stability and to use the zoning map obtained in sustainable development planning (Karam, 2002, p. 25). The Sanandaj-Dehgolan route is considered as one of the main routes and of highest traffic in the Kurdistan province, whose transportation system in the mountainous area is threatened by mass movements. This road in the mountainous section has an unsuitable situation due to high slope of hillsides and high altitude of the area as well as the inappropriate location of the road and the consequent unsustainability of the slopes. The present study aims to determine the effective factors and elements in creating these movements using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and, based on the effect of each of these factors and elements, weigh them, and ultimately map the zoning of points sensitive to movements, and this zoning map is based on a combination of hypsometric layers, slope, slope direction, vegetation, soil type, lithology, distance from fault, distance from the road, distance from the village, drainage network density, temperature, precipitation, as well as land units and land use. Accordingly, the range was divided into four risk classes. The map was divided into four classes including very high (8.7 km2), high (28.9 km2), average (41.3 km2) and low (6.5 km2) areas of risk.
Hamid Reza Varesi; Mahmud Akbari
Volume 16, Issue 62 , August 2007, , Pages 57-62
Abstract
Geographic information systems and related computer information technologies are commonly used in planning and management in the present era. An important part of the theoretical and methodological support of GIS is rooted in the "quantitative and qualitative" revolution of geography. It is not surprising, ...
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Geographic information systems and related computer information technologies are commonly used in planning and management in the present era. An important part of the theoretical and methodological support of GIS is rooted in the "quantitative and qualitative" revolution of geography. It is not surprising, then, that GIS is often accused of being inherently dependent on "rationalism" and "positivism," so it is not beneficial to use it in planning approaches broader than the merely rational model. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of GIS on urban and regional planning and it was attempted to examine the following: development of geographic database for analyses related to planning, alignment of ground-spatial technologies with urban models, building planning support systems, facilitating discourse and participation in the planning process, and evaluating planning activities and the impact of technology on them. While scientific advancements in the development of planning support tools have been significant, there has been no considerable effort to provide scientific guidance on strategic information management, establish the information support and decision-making tools, and transfer technology to the planning stage. This shortcoming in the dissemination of planning tools limits the application of science in decision and policy making, a process that is essential for the development of countries aiming at strong economy and healthy communities and environment. This research attempts to study the effects of GIS on urban and regional planning.
Mahdi Modiri
Volume 16, Issue 61 , May 2007, , Pages 2-9
Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to determine the characteristics of remote processing and control systems of geographic information. The processing of geographical information is the product of GIS and telecommunications. Remote geographic information processing is a completely new approach designated ...
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The purpose of this paper was to determine the characteristics of remote processing and control systems of geographic information. The processing of geographical information is the product of GIS and telecommunications. Remote geographic information processing is a completely new approach designated by spatial (position) databases, exchange of information at various sites, and continuous and simultaneous analysis of spatial and non-spatial data. Geographic information control can also be carried out using global positioning systems (GPS), databases and instantaneous decision-making systems (crisis headquarters).
Bahram Azadbakht (Translator)
Volume 15, Issue 57 , May 2006, , Pages 16-18
Abstract
Digital models of the Earth and satellite information through structural analysis of the Earth lead us to a new understanding of the relationship between volcano and the science of formation of the earth. A DTM was presented from the Mount Erciyes (3917m high), which is on the scale of 10 meters with ...
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Digital models of the Earth and satellite information through structural analysis of the Earth lead us to a new understanding of the relationship between volcano and the science of formation of the earth. A DTM was presented from the Mount Erciyes (3917m high), which is on the scale of 10 meters with transverse and longitudinal sections and with an area of about 3800 km2. The ETM satellite data is used to identify the morphological characteristics of the Erciyes mountain range. These observations and analyses are capable of analyzing, measuring and monitoring the behavior of the Earth's layers using the DTM satellite data. To make use of both RST and DTM simultaneously provides a new perspective for understanding the morphological characteristics of mountains and volcanoes in the Earth sciences. A 3D image of Mount Erciyes not only played a role in identifying its volcanic formation characteristics, but also in determining the location of the volcanic behavior. Several maps were provided using DTM at different slope levels. The morphological characteristics of the Erciyes volcano mountain include glacial masses and linear land marks, which are discussed separately in this paper using both RES and DTM methods.
Khosrou Khajeh (Translator)
Volume 14, Issue 55 , November 2005, , Pages 40-47
Abstract
Recently, in Mexico, using digital maps of the 1970s, 1993 and 2000, a profitable data bank was established to measure the extent and characteristics of Land Use and Cover Change (LUCC) across the country. In order to advance this plan, an existing map of land use and cover available on a scale of 1:250,000 ...
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Recently, in Mexico, using digital maps of the 1970s, 1993 and 2000, a profitable data bank was established to measure the extent and characteristics of Land Use and Cover Change (LUCC) across the country. In order to advance this plan, an existing map of land use and cover available on a scale of 1:250,000 was revised in order to determine the input data in terms of scale, classification scheme and mapping method. The digital maps prepared in three different dates (i.e., late 1970s, 1993 and 2000) were merged into a GIS database after being reviewed, evaluated and corrected. In order to improve the credibility of the data bank, efforts were made to evaluate the accuracy of the method and the digitization procedure and to detect and correct the unpredictable changes resulting from thematic errors in the map. The digital maps were put onto each other to create LUCC maps and calculate transition matrices and conversion rates. Based on this data bank, the deforestation rate between the years 1976 and 2000 was estimated as 0.25% and 0.76% per year for the moderate and tropical forests respectively.
