نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دکتری آب وهواشناسی، گروه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی تهران
2 دانشجوی دکتری آب و هواشناسی، دانشکده علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی تهران
چکیده
هدف از انجام این تحقیق، تحلیل همدیدی و ترمودینامیکی روزهای اوج بارش سیلآسا در 5 و 11 فروردین 1398 به ترتیب در جنوب غرب و غرب ایران است. بدین منظور با استفاده از روش محیطی به گردشی ابتدا دادههای بارش ایستگاه زمینی بررسی شد و سپس با استفاده از دادههای جو بالا و ترسیم نقشههای مربوطه، وضعیت همدید سامانه های بارشی مورد تحلیل قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که در روزهای اوج بارش بیشتر کشور به جزء جنوب شرق، بارندگی را تجربه کردهاند. بیشینه بارش در روزهای 5 و 11 فروردین به ترتیب در جنوب غرب و غرب کشور رویداده است؛ که بیشتر ایستگاهها در این مناطق بارش بیش از 100 میلیمتر را به ثبت رساندهاند. واکاوی نقشههای همدیدی نشان داد که در تراز دریا گسترش کمفشارهای چندگانه عربستان، سودان و مدیترانه در تقابل با نفوذ پرفشار سرد اروپا و تبت با ایجاد شیو فشاری قوی موجب شکلگیری شرایط جبههای و ناپایدار در منطقه موردمطالعه شدهاند. در ترازهای میانی جو نیز قرارگیری نیمه غربی و جنوب غرب کشور در نیمه شرقی و جلوی ناوه با واگرایی و صعود شدید هوای گرم و مرطوب جنوبی و رخداد بارشهای فراگیر و شدید را موجب شدهاند. تحلیل نقشههای وزش رطوبتی نیز نشان داد که در ترازهای 1000 و 850 هکتوپاسکال دریای عرب و خلیج فارس توسط گردش واچرخندی عربستان و چرخندی شرق مدیترانه و در ترازهای 700 و 500 هکتوپاسکال دریای سرخ، خلیج فارس و منبع فرامنطقه ای نواحی مرکزی اقیانوس اطلس توسط گردش چرخندی ناوه شرق مدیترانه و غرب آفریقا بیشترین نقش را در تأمین رطوبت بارش های فراگیر و شدید کشور و منطقه مورد مطالعه داشته اند.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Synoptic analysis of heavy and hazardous precipitations in western and south western Iran during the first ten days of April 2019
نویسندگان [English]
- Farshad Pazhooh 1
- Farzaneh Jafari 2
1 Ph.D. Meteorology, Department of natural geography, Faculty of geography, Kharazmi University of Tehran
2 Climatology PhD Candidate, Department of Earth Sciences, University shahid Beheshti Tehran
چکیده [English]
Extended Abstract
Introduction
Due to its specific geographical situation,Iranhas an especial precipitation pattern. In other words,despitehaving a precipitation equal to one-third of global average,Iran experiences a strong fluctuation in its rainfall regime. According to global classifications, floods are considered to be among the most important natural disasters. In recent decades, humaninterferencesin the environment and improper management of land usehave resulted in increasing severity and higher frequency of these natural disasters (Abbas ZadehTehrani et al., 2010: 78). Extreme floodingcaused by climate changeshave resulted in severe damages in different parts of the world during recent decades and the effects of these changes are more significant in dry environments (Negaresh et. al., 2013: 15). Increasing urbanization and constructions has naturally reduced permeable areasin different basins. The resulting impenetrable surfacesare incapable of absorbing the rainfall, and consequently, the total volume of runoff in the city has increased (TaheriBehbahani and Big Zadeh, 1996).
Materials and methods
Two typesofground level data and data collected from higher levels of the atmosphere were used in the present study:
A) Precipitation data collected during the first ten daysof April 2019 by stations in Western and South Western Iran obtained from the Iranian meteorological organization.
B) Data collected from higher levels of the atmosphere including revised geopotential heights, sea level pressure, meridian and orbital winds, omega and especial humidityobtainedfrom the National centre for environmental surveys at Colorado, USA.
For synoptic analysis, environment to circulation approach was used to detect heavy rainfall peak periods and then their synoptic dimensions were reanalysed in the spatial range of 10 to 70 degrees north latitude and 10 to 80 degrees east longitude. Based on the analysis ofprecipitation data, April5th and11th,2019 were selected as having the highest rainfall resulting in the highest level of flooding and damage in the western and southwest regions of Iran.
Results and Discussion
On April 5th,2019 most regions of Iran have receiveda rainfall of more than 20 mm. The maximum levels of rainfall wererecorded in Koohrangstation(187 mm), Izehstationin Khuzestan (155 mm) and Yasoujstation(151 mm). OnlySistan and Baluchestan, Kerman and South Khorasan Province have experienced a stable situation without any precipitation on this day. However, on April 11th,2019, the highest level of rainfall has occurred inwestern stations of the country. The maximumlevels of rainfallon this day were recorded inNahavand and Tuyserkan stations (Hamedan Province) and Noorabad(LorestanProvince) with 126 and 122 mm, respectively. Central and northwesternregions of the country have experienced the next highest level of rainfallfollowing western regions. Figures 1 to 3 show a part of precipitation values in the western and southwestern regions of Iran during rainfall peak periods. Precipitations in more than 16 provinces in the western, southwestern, and central regions of the country have damagedagricultural, economic and social sectors. More than 45 people were killed in thesedays.The highest number of deaths and injurieshas occurred in Shiraz. In the western parts of the country, Poldokhtar and Mamoualn were most severely damaged. Moreover, heavy rainfall and floodinghave damaged 700 thousand hectares of agricultural land and resulted in 4600 billion USDlosses. In the construction sector, the country has suffered from 1,600 billion USD losses (Hamshahri Newspaper, 1398).
Conclusion
The present study have focused on synoptic and thermodynamic analysis of systems causing pervasive, heavy and hazardous precipitation onApril 5th and 11th in the western and south western regions of the country. The synoptic and thermodynamic analysis of maps indicated that the contrast between the influence of southern and western low pressure fronts such as Saudi Arabia, Sudan and the Mediterranean on the southwestern areas of the country and the cold high pressure frontover the Caspian Sea have caused a strong pressure gradientand formed a strong front condition over the country and the region under study at the sea level. In the middle and upper atmosphere, deep multiple amplitudetroughsformed over the North Pole passed through Russia as bipolar and low pressureblocks, cyclonic centressettled over the eastern Mediterranean regions and the eastern half of the trough formed as a result of blocking settledover the western and southwesternregions of the country. These have resulted in severe, and widespread negative omega and divergence of warm and humid southern weather over the country and the region.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Precipitation
- Flood
- Synoptic
- Low pressure
- Trough
- West and southwest of Iran