Ali Mohammadpour; Kheder Faraji Rad
Volume 22, Issue 85 , May 2013, Pages 5-26
Abstract
Tehran as a political and economic capital city of Iran has an unsafe structure and the safety issue have not been considered until now. However, Tehran is faced several natural disasters, including earthquikes and it is essential to identifying and addressing the specific framework of urban spatial ...
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Tehran as a political and economic capital city of Iran has an unsafe structure and the safety issue have not been considered until now. However, Tehran is faced several natural disasters, including earthquikes and it is essential to identifying and addressing the specific framework of urban spatial divisions for the efficient management during crisis in Tehran. This article try to answer therefore, aims to answer this fundamental question that what the appropriate zoning of the Tehran city is, with emphasis on crisis management.
The GIS and AHP combined and qualitative method were used to answer the above question. The results demonstrated that many parts of Tehran are in the areas with high vulnerability (16446.75) hectares.
The results, also showed that (10004.25) hectares of Tehran are among the areas With medium vulnerability. In addition the above results, the article conclude that the administrative divisions of Tehran is not corresponded With the determined activites and tasks of the professional committees of organization of prevention and crisis management of Tehran city, therefore, is necessary to redefine the administrative divisions of Tehran in relation to crisis management.
Mahdi Modiri; Mahdi Khazaei; Mohammad Hasan Mahutchi
Volume 22, Issue 85 , May 2013, Pages 27-42
Abstract
In this study have been paid on analysing Thunderstoms in a period of 25 years in Shiraz (1984-2008). Therefore, data on sea level pressure, geopotential height levels 850 and 500 hpa in the rainfall day of NCEP/NCAR databse prepared and extraction levels above the map drawing software environment GRADS ...
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In this study have been paid on analysing Thunderstoms in a period of 25 years in Shiraz (1984-2008). Therefore, data on sea level pressure, geopotential height levels 850 and 500 hpa in the rainfall day of NCEP/NCAR databse prepared and extraction levels above the map drawing software environment GRADS Were drawn. The extreme rainfall patterns Related to Shiraz have been identified and analyzed. By examining maps of sea level pressure, 850 and 500 hpa, three general patterns were identified for Shiraz thunderstorm rainfall. In the first pattern (1 March 1998), the low-pressure lingual of the Sudan country, large parts of the study area is located. The system In addition provides moisture, instability in the level do too. And in the level of 850 and 500 hpa, area studied the influence of anticyclonic centers are located in the western and ridges. In second type of the pattern (December 6,2003) at sea level, the area studied is affected by center anticyclone, and the level of 850 and 500hpa area at the front of the trpugh with a curved contour 1450 and 5720 geopotential meters located and the conditions are very unstable at this level. And the third pattern (26 March 2003) Low-pressure center with a central pressure of 1004hpa is located on the country. At this level, the currents are such that relatively moist air flows from the Caspian to the North West and the West. The levels of 850 and 500hpa area studied are located under the trough axis above and instability intensifies levels above.
ali shamai; Ali Azizi Kaveh
Volume 22, Issue 85 , May 2013, Pages 43-58
Abstract
Worn-out structures confront structural, social and economic challenges. The three indices of transience, impermeability and granulites are major features of such structures. "Martyre Dastgheib" area as one of the worn-out structures of district 9 in Tehran is facing various structural, social and economic ...
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Worn-out structures confront structural, social and economic challenges. The three indices of transience, impermeability and granulites are major features of such structures. "Martyre Dastgheib" area as one of the worn-out structures of district 9 in Tehran is facing various structural, social and economic challenges. The aim of this study is explaining distribution of failures and their interrelationships, and the comparative study of mentioned indices in order to achieve sustainable urban neighborhood. It seems that the best solution for controlling and reducing worn-out urban structures is spatial analysis from structural, economic and sociocultural aspects. Current study was done aiming at organizing "Martyre Dastgheib" area with a systematic perspective whose main bases are described through the improvement of physical appearance and urban revival. To this end, the major question is whether structural, social and economic indices influence on vulnerability analysis of worn-out structure of "Martyre Dastgheib" area identically.
The research type is descriptive- analytical and survey. Data were collected through library-based procedures and field study. In analysis step, firstly, values and data for all indices were extracted, and then respective indices were weighted according to Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Findings show that by integration of structural, economic and social layers for measuring vulnerability of worn-out structures, they are classified into low-vulnerability to high-vulnerability areas. 24.3 percent of the area was with high-vulnerability, 47.3 percent faced to considerable vulnerability, 14.7 and 13.7 percent faced to average and low vulnerability, respectively. Considering this finding, organization of worn-out structure in this area through an integrated approach including improvement, modernization and reconstruction is possible.
Hosseyn Najafi; Rasul Afzali; Hosseyn Hataminejad; Roghayyeh Shams
Volume 22, Issue 85 , May 2013, Pages 59-78
Abstract
Nowadays the air Pollution is one of the must serious problems in urban areas. More than 90 percent of total pullotion in urban environments consist five kinds of air pollutants. Comparation of static and daynamic resources of air pollution shows that share of dynamics resources is highly more ...
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Nowadays the air Pollution is one of the must serious problems in urban areas. More than 90 percent of total pullotion in urban environments consist five kinds of air pollutants. Comparation of static and daynamic resources of air pollution shows that share of dynamics resources is highly more than section.
Different Organizations and institute have role in field of environmental management and specially in air pullation management investigation about municipalities as local and administrative managers roll in laws shows that local management role in neglected in laws and many duties of municipalities are remove to other urban organizations.
In This paper the main gole is studing the role and legal situation of municipalities in field of air pullotion management. This research is apply with describtive analytical method. Data gathering is documentary by referring to laws and regulations of municipalities and national environment organization. The result show that the role of municipality is participatory like other organizations such as police. The role of local management is neglected in law collection some studies instead of municipality are remove of macro level organization like environmental organization. So lack of attention to role of municipalities for reduction of air pollution is one of reasons for failure of air pollution control programs.
Sohrab Asgari
Volume 22, Issue 85 , May 2013, Pages 79-96
Abstract
Managing a country is one of the most important issues in the world. This aim will achieve through evealuated and scientific planning processes. Good fulfillment of the plans will cause positive results. In Iran, palnning and territory management has a long history. In contemporary era, planning was ...
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Managing a country is one of the most important issues in the world. This aim will achieve through evealuated and scientific planning processes. Good fulfillment of the plans will cause positive results. In Iran, palnning and territory management has a long history. In contemporary era, planning was an organization agenda from the Qajar period,. In Reza shah's kingdom planning was an important issue General information office and Statistics Bureau were the first offices founded. Applying regional planning approach was the first steps in governmental economic programs, 5 years planning policy was applied in the Pahlavi period. The Islamic revolution metamorphosed all former political and social structures. Because of Mismanaging of main affaires in the country, many devastating crises appeared. One of the mismanaging was encouraging population increase. Some sensitive laws were ratified and as a result, a migration trend in a vast shape emptied many villages and caused slum and shanty town. Imposed war and international embargoes were 2 samples of big crisis which accelerated migrations. To face job cuts, and also to produce more strategic crops, idea for cultivating in pasture lands and grass lands was approved, This was a formal aggression forests and pasture lands bases. This aggression caused soil erosion in the country and millions tons of soil erode and destroy completely. Deforestation is the main cause of floods in recent years. In other sides mismanaging has caused environmental disasters around the country. The main issue of this article is evaluating of political decision impacts in geographical space organizating from environmental viewpoint in the country in recent decades.
Mohammadtaghi Rahnamaei; Bahman Ramezani; Sahar sadat Ziabary
Volume 22, Issue 85 , May 2013, Pages 97-109
Abstract
Gilan is on the most important tourism province, it has more touristy potentials and for its efficiency has needed to recognize and introduce to friendly ecotourism society and adventuring tourism, Nowadays Cave tourism is a scientific and cultural research, such as adventure tourism, Cavelogy. Cave ...
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Gilan is on the most important tourism province, it has more touristy potentials and for its efficiency has needed to recognize and introduce to friendly ecotourism society and adventuring tourism, Nowadays Cave tourism is a scientific and cultural research, such as adventure tourism, Cavelogy. Cave touristy in Gilan is less studied but it can causes to more income and occupation this area. The aim of this paper is recognition potentials touristy and limitation problems of Aveeshoo cave in Masal.
The method of this paper is descriptive analysis with field observation and library documents. The result of this paper has shown that, the Aveeshoo Cave has more potential in development of ecotourism, economical and social culturaing in the area and in the Country.
Rasul Afzali
Volume 22, Issue 85 , May 2013, Pages 111-126
Abstract
Scientific research is a regular activity collection which is based on a standard visionary sight, which is efficacity of specific methodology, answer to questions which begets into the main of researcher. Each theory or paradiam exist three element antology, epistemology and methodology. Systematically ...
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Scientific research is a regular activity collection which is based on a standard visionary sight, which is efficacity of specific methodology, answer to questions which begets into the main of researcher. Each theory or paradiam exist three element antology, epistemology and methodology. Systematically revelance this three elements each other, can rebound in a research with scientific identity. Political Geography and Geopolitices theories are transmitting to new status and its appearance graduating vicissitudinous. First, the new significance and words overtrue (for example the international political economy, feminism Enviroment, critical geopolitics, Popular geopolitics, and globalization) in discussion political geography and geopolitics. Second, some prevalent significance and thougth in political geography and geopolitics definite at new style (for example government, autonomy, ridge, security, minority laws and Pistemologies in political geography and Geopolitics, cause upheaval in theorization structure in political geography and geopolitics. So in this theme have pay off to postmothern theories role . This paper is a fundamental research wich uses discribtive and analysis method. Data were collected throught library.
Hosseyn Mohammadi; Taghi Karimian; Madjid Rahmani
Volume 22, Issue 85 , May 2013, Pages 127-145
Abstract
Today tourism, as a phenomena affecting the process of development, has attracted much attention. It has profound effects on human life from different aspects: economic, cultural social , environmental and physical. Climate, as an important aspect of natural environment affects humanlife considerably ...
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Today tourism, as a phenomena affecting the process of development, has attracted much attention. It has profound effects on human life from different aspects: economic, cultural social , environmental and physical. Climate, as an important aspect of natural environment affects humanlife considerably and the effect of climate not only leads to the development of tourism, but also it produces demand for tourist services. This study uses a descriptive analytical method and by referring to the related documents inspects contribution of travel and tourism in socio-economic development of countries. Also, analysis carbon emission sources, predict all categories of travel and tourism and specify the most prominent measures against emission in each sector and the entire unit. In addition, this research presents the critical role of contribution in innovations in each part within the unit and in other industrial sectors (e.g.energy). the speed and reduce the allocation criteria pollutants offers. The purpose of this paper is identifying specific pollutant of travel and tourism and measures of preventing the pollutants. The results show that pollutants of the transport sectore of travel and tourism will grow at 2% per year until 2035.
