Mahdi Modiri
Volume 2, Issue 7 , August 1993, Pages 2-6
Abstract
The daily scientific development and advancements increase the scope and application of surveying in different sciences day by day. The modern technology has always provided new applications for this science, so that even the medical sciences utilize a branch of it. Today there is rarely any case within ...
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The daily scientific development and advancements increase the scope and application of surveying in different sciences day by day. The modern technology has always provided new applications for this science, so that even the medical sciences utilize a branch of it. Today there is rarely any case within applied sciences and developmental activities that can be carried out without any need to understand the environment, geographical position, and natural conditions and potential. More emphasis on rational planning makes the importance of accuracy of information about the quantitative and qualitative situation of the environment multiplied, for example, in urbanization and regional planning. The number of services of surveying and the scope of its contribution to scientific and technological advances is increasing.
Dorreh Mirhaidar
Volume 2, Issue 7 , August 1993, Pages 7-17
Abstract
The current political map of Central Asia, with borders separating five independent states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, has gradually formed in three stages in the first half of the 20th century.
The first political unit with today's borders was created on August ...
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The current political map of Central Asia, with borders separating five independent states of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, has gradually formed in three stages in the first half of the 20th century.
The first political unit with today's borders was created on August 26, 1920 under the name of the Kyrgyz Autonomous Republic as part of internal divisions of the Russian Federation. This political unit embraced the territory of the Kazakhs, and the use of the name Kyrgyz was due to the fact that the Russians used to call the Kazakhs as Kyrgyz so that they would not be confused with the Cossack people around the territory of the Kazakhs, and the true Kyrgyz who lived in the northern mountains of Tian Shan were called Qara-Kyrgyz.
Mohammad Ali Rajabi
Volume 2, Issue 7 , August 1993, Pages 18-23
Abstract
In recent years, various methods of stationary and mobile surveying or Global Positioning System (G.P.S) have been developed and utilized. The purpose of GPS-based surveying is to determine relative positions with high precision based on the observations of the GPS carrier wave phase complemented by ...
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In recent years, various methods of stationary and mobile surveying or Global Positioning System (G.P.S) have been developed and utilized. The purpose of GPS-based surveying is to determine relative positions with high precision based on the observations of the GPS carrier wave phase complemented by consideration of resolution of the carrier wave phase ambiguity. Unfortunately, not only is the difference between various methods invented for most of our surveying cases unclear, but the way in which they are applied was, and is, shadowed by ambiguity as well, and, what’s more, in Iran they have either not been used at all or used only at the academic level. In addition, the application of similar names for different methods has been a cause of the confusion of most of users. This paper intends to describe the differences between various stationary and mobile surveying methods and to clarify their distinctive qualities.
Mohammad Hasan Ganji
Volume 2, Issue 7 , August 1993, Pages 24-29
Abstract
In the fourth issue of the Sepehr Magazine, we referred to the earth's situation in space and wrote a few brief articles about the extent of the world and astronomical scales. Since then, there has been a great transformation in the development of general geographic and astronomical information in the ...
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In the fourth issue of the Sepehr Magazine, we referred to the earth's situation in space and wrote a few brief articles about the extent of the world and astronomical scales. Since then, there has been a great transformation in the development of general geographic and astronomical information in the Islamic Republic of Iran. It is therefore not irrelevant to allocate the article of this issue to young readers who are interested in the topic of this great development, and this is the establishment of the Planetarium of Tehran, which was officially opened by the Minister of Defense and Support of Armed Forces on May 17th of this year.
The Planetarium is a dome-shaped building made to facilitate astronomical training and is equipped with technically advanced devices with which it is possible to observe what there are in the real sky on a smaller sky (formed by images below the dome of the Planetarium).
Mohammad Ali Ghazi Saeedi
Volume 2, Issue 7 , August 1993, Pages 30-34
Abstract
About seventy protected habitats are under the management of Iran's Environment Organization which are divided, according to importance, into four types of national parks, national natural monuments, wildlife sanctuaries and protected areas. The smallest of such areas called the national natural monument ...
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About seventy protected habitats are under the management of Iran's Environment Organization which are divided, according to importance, into four types of national parks, national natural monuments, wildlife sanctuaries and protected areas. The smallest of such areas called the national natural monument of Susan Chehel Cheragh (Forty Lights), is 0.6 hectares, and the largest one is the Turan protected area and Wildlife sanctuary with an area of 1,900,000 hectares. For preparing basic maps for environmental utilization of the above areas the coverage maps of Geographic Organization of the Armed Forces on the scales of 1: 50,000 and 1: 250,000 were taken as the basis, and after clarifying aerial photographs and summarizing the above-mentioned maps a habitat map and other environmental maps are prepared.
Alireza Azmudeh Ardalaan
Volume 2, Issue 7 , August 1993, Pages 35-41
Abstract
Map is the basis of all decisions and plans of development, and the need for its availability and preparation is not questioned by anyone. One of the main problems of our country is the lack of access to new and up-to-date coverage maps from all over the country. Coverage maps are a set of overlapping ...
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Map is the basis of all decisions and plans of development, and the need for its availability and preparation is not questioned by anyone. One of the main problems of our country is the lack of access to new and up-to-date coverage maps from all over the country. Coverage maps are a set of overlapping maps on the same scale that together cover the entire lands of a country. Such maps are usually needed on different scales.
At present, coverage maps for the entirety of Iran are available on two scales of 1: 250,000 and 1: 50000. Unfortunately, the information on these maps is very old and belong to years ago, so that there is no indication of the current situation in most residential areas due to recent growth and development. On the other hand, many efforts have been made by the two major planning agencies, namely the Geographic Organization of the Armed Forces and Iran National Cartographic Center, to prepare and keep up-to-date coverage maps. The main problem is that it is not possible through traditional surveying tools (aerial photography, photogrammetry and ground-based geodesy) to produce maps at such speed and breadth to make certain that new and up-to-date maps are always available.
Aliakbar Rasuli
Volume 2, Issue 7 , August 1993, Pages 42-51
Abstract
The main purpose of GIS is to prepare and direct special spatial information. In Clarke's view, the GIS mechanism includes software tools that use computer hardware to feed, store, modify, interfere, change, analyze, and finally display geographical data. Furthermore, according to an authority in the ...
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The main purpose of GIS is to prepare and direct special spatial information. In Clarke's view, the GIS mechanism includes software tools that use computer hardware to feed, store, modify, interfere, change, analyze, and finally display geographical data. Furthermore, according to an authority in the field, the GIS process refers to a set of information series and modeling methods that present final results through computer. Therefore, this system, as an internal automated reference, is able to use the provided special information and analyze the results or present them in the form of maps.
Mohammad Ja'far Zomorrodian
Volume 2, Issue 7 , August 1993, Pages 52-64
Abstract
There has always been a profound and unbreakable link between geographic knowledge and map and surveying techniques, confirmed by many reasons and evidence. This relationship, which is similar to the relationship between brain and head, is so deep that, until recently, the terms “cartography” ...
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There has always been a profound and unbreakable link between geographic knowledge and map and surveying techniques, confirmed by many reasons and evidence. This relationship, which is similar to the relationship between brain and head, is so deep that, until recently, the terms “cartography” and “geography” were used in place of one another, and the geographer also performed cartographic tasks. In confirmation of this, one can notice the definition of geography in the book of Ptolemy. Geography is the introduction of all known parts of the earth and its graphic display.
