Mahdi Modiri
Volume 18, Issue 72 , February 2010, Pages 2-10
Abstract
The environmental data of remote sensing is the basis of the preparation of maps and information with appropriate quality for the assessment of the change and evolution of the urban dynamic environment, which provides awareness of changes of details in relation to the characteristics of the studied area ...
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The environmental data of remote sensing is the basis of the preparation of maps and information with appropriate quality for the assessment of the change and evolution of the urban dynamic environment, which provides awareness of changes of details in relation to the characteristics of the studied area and effective parameters. The methods of combining the multiple parameters with other factors into one index have been studied, but due to the lack of criteria for precise evaluation, only general conclusions can be made. However, the large and significant correlation obtained from Combined GIS Method and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicate the compatibility between these two methods.
Sayyed Yahya Rahim Safavi
Volume 18, Issue 72 , February 2010, Pages 11-13
Abstract
The Islamic World covers a wide range, extending from western Atlantic coast in South America to the western coasts of the Pacific Ocean on the Asian continent. An area that accounts for more than 22 percent of the world's drylands and includes vast sections of two continents, Asia and Africa, and small ...
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The Islamic World covers a wide range, extending from western Atlantic coast in South America to the western coasts of the Pacific Ocean on the Asian continent. An area that accounts for more than 22 percent of the world's drylands and includes vast sections of two continents, Asia and Africa, and small parts of the continents of Europe and America. The latent capacities of the value-centered environment of the Islamic religion provide the context for connecting the fate of each Islamic country to other nations. The connection of the destiny of Islamic countries to each other creates relative advantages, opportunities and clear horizons for the growth, development and authority of each Islamic country. The demographic characteristics of the Islamic world are one of the most important factors enabling the achievement of unity. The population of Islamic countries is 725,015,426.1. The average relative density of population in Islamic countries is about 114 people per square kilometer. Due to climatic conditions and geographical position, the concentration of the population is almost homogenous, and most people are concentrated in wet coastal areas and fertile lands.
Yeganeh Sepasi; Afshin Danekar
Volume 18, Issue 72 , February 2010, Pages 14-20
Abstract
The islands, as special structures formed by various geological reasons, are of significant importance. Geological factors cause the islands to be of different types (including continental, oceanic, and coral). On the other hand, owing to the isolation of the island's environment, many aspects of life ...
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The islands, as special structures formed by various geological reasons, are of significant importance. Geological factors cause the islands to be of different types (including continental, oceanic, and coral). On the other hand, owing to the isolation of the island's environment, many aspects of life on the islands are unique, which makes living in the islands different from life on the continents in various ways. Issues such as isolation, access, vulnerability and biogeographic theories of islands are considered to be among exclusive features of the islands. Furthermore, due to the particular characteristics of the islands, development in them should be carried out with special considerations in order not to damage their fragile ecosystem.
Javad Khoshhal; Hamid Nazaripour
Volume 18, Issue 72 , February 2010, Pages 21-24
Abstract
In this study, data of eleven climate variables (wind direction, wind speed, dry temperature, wet temperature, relative humidity and station atmospheric pressure) for 9:00 GMT, which is equivalent to 12:30 in Iran, and the minimum temperature, maximum Temperature, total precipitation, evaporation and ...
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In this study, data of eleven climate variables (wind direction, wind speed, dry temperature, wet temperature, relative humidity and station atmospheric pressure) for 9:00 GMT, which is equivalent to 12:30 in Iran, and the minimum temperature, maximum Temperature, total precipitation, evaporation and sunny hours of Tabas station during the years 1985-2004 were examined. Due to its proximity to the climatic middle of the day, it is a better representative of the weather conditions of a day. Therefore, we only used the data of this hour. In addition to examining the studied time, 3825 days had complete data for the variables mentioned. The matrix (3825 × 1150) was standardized, and then, a cluster analysis was carried out on this matrix, the length of which was the number of days and the width of the variables, and finally three synchronous weather types were obtained.
Seyyed Ramin Ghaffari; Pejman Mohammadi Dehcheshmeh
Volume 18, Issue 72 , February 2010, Pages 25-27
Abstract
Limitation of resources and spatial constraints in the territories of the country in general, and in urban areas in particular, along with the increase of human population, requires that the organization of the spatial system in human settlements (urban - rural) be carried out with a preparatory approach. ...
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Limitation of resources and spatial constraints in the territories of the country in general, and in urban areas in particular, along with the increase of human population, requires that the organization of the spatial system in human settlements (urban - rural) be carried out with a preparatory approach. Understanding and attempting to establish a reasonable balance in the urban network system is one of the effective strategies in organizing space and facilitating the process of achieving sustainable development. In this paper, using rank-size model, we examined and analyzed the spatial distribution and dispersion of the population and the dominant system of urban hierarchy in each of the cities of Shahrekord county (the studied area). The results show that of the total of 12 studied cities, Shahrekord city as the first city has 51.5% of the county’s population. After that, Farrokhshar, as the second city (small city) and then 10 other cities are among the very small cities. Providing guidelines for optimal and proportional distribution of the population and reducing inequality (gap) between the first city and other cities within the studied area are among the approaches addressed in this paper.
Amir Palham Abbasi
Volume 18, Issue 72 , February 2010, Pages 28-31
Abstract
The principled use and proper management of arid and semi-arid regions, which cover a significant extent of the Earth’s drylands, require planning based on accurate and timely information on different ecosystem components, including vegetation. Considering vegetation is one of the major and important ...
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The principled use and proper management of arid and semi-arid regions, which cover a significant extent of the Earth’s drylands, require planning based on accurate and timely information on different ecosystem components, including vegetation. Considering vegetation is one of the major and important needs in the management and exploitation of arid and semi-arid regions. Since it is time consuming and costly to collect information at vast levels in dry and desert conditions by traditional ways and through ground operations, the use of new techniques in these studies is necessary. Remote sensing is one of the most effective techniques in this field. The arid and semi-arid regions have low Leaf Area Index and fairly open crowns due to reactions to environmental stresses, which makes the surface soil visible in these areas. The high effect of surface soil on spectral reflections of vegetation in arid and semi-arid regions causes mistakes in evaluating plants in these areas through remote sensing. Many studies have been carried out on introducing suitable plant indices for assessing vegetation changes in arid and semi-arid regions. The results of all these studies indicate that due to variability of vegetation and soil characteristics in different regions of arid and semi-arid regions, as well as differences in utilized satellite data in terms of sensor type, bands number, spectral range, spatial accuracy, etc. it is not possible to introduce a specific indicator for vegetation studies in all arid and semi-arid regions, but, considering the characteristics of vegetation, soil and the type of used satellite data, indicator or indicators that are meaningful according to studies can be introduced for each region. The aim of this study is to investigate the spectral reflections of vegetation in arid and semi-arid regions considering different reactions of plants in arid and semi-arid regions against environmental stresses, the openness of crown of vegetation, and the high effect of surface soil on the reflection of the vegetation in these areas, and to introduce a suitable technique for studying the vegetation of such areas.
Seyyed Hassan Sadugh Vanini; Jamileh Tavakkolinia; Omid Zare'ee
Volume 18, Issue 72 , February 2010, Pages 32-39
Abstract
Considering that the growth trend of urbanization in Iran, following the deep economic and social changes of past decades, has in recent years led to the unbridled growth of cities with national and regional role and, without regard to the natural capacities and facilities of the region has brought about ...
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Considering that the growth trend of urbanization in Iran, following the deep economic and social changes of past decades, has in recent years led to the unbridled growth of cities with national and regional role and, without regard to the natural capacities and facilities of the region has brought about unpleasant consequences for the physical-biological environment of the city, the growth of the population with the occupation of urban space has created imbalances in the construction and texture of the city and has caused irreparable damage to the urban environment. As a result, the zoning of land for the physical development of cities has always been of interest to urban geographers and planners, and therefore it is essential to locate suitable lands for the physical development of cities. In this paper, using the AHP model in ARC GIS software, land zoning for physical development of Shiraz city was evaluated based on 8 criteria (slope, ground, static surface of groundwater, land capability, river boundary, the distance from fault, height and texture of soil) and a zoning map of the land was obtained. The zoning map shows three areas of high suitability (21516 hectares), low suitability (23069 hectares) and unsuitable (23289 hectares) in terms of priority for physical development, and can be used by urban managers and planners.
Mohammad Hossein Saraei
Volume 18, Issue 72 , February 2010, Pages 40-45
Abstract
The urban and rural networks in the geographic areas have a complex system in their interaction with each other, whose result is the settlement system. The study of the housing system in the regional development process is one of the key issues. Yazd province, with its unique geography, is the heir to ...
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The urban and rural networks in the geographic areas have a complex system in their interaction with each other, whose result is the settlement system. The study of the housing system in the regional development process is one of the key issues. Yazd province, with its unique geography, is the heir to the primitive life pattern that, due to natural difficulties, has over time survived as discontinuous residential centers. However, its urban areas, following the national economy and regional necessities, have been subject to more rapid development, so that the organic linkages of the urban and rural communities of the province have been gradually weakened and the conditions for the decline and desolation of villages and, finally, instability of settlements have been provided. As a result, the settlement system of the province has shifted, not through a logical process, from a highly dispersed rural model towards a largely concentrated urban one. Desolation of more than 43 villages in the province and the concentration of about 60% of its urban population in the city of Yazd are evidences of this claim.
Gebraiil Ghorbanian
Volume 18, Issue 72 , February 2010, Pages 46-51
Abstract
An area of 2900 square kilometers of the Dashtiari district of Chabahar, which is about 3450 square kilometer wide in total, was studied. Research on the evolution of landforms in different sectors shows that the features of the region have come to their current form by orogenic and epeirogenic processes ...
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An area of 2900 square kilometers of the Dashtiari district of Chabahar, which is about 3450 square kilometer wide in total, was studied. Research on the evolution of landforms in different sectors shows that the features of the region have come to their current form by orogenic and epeirogenic processes as well as external processes. However, these processes exhibit dry characteristics of Dashtiar. The oldest rocks in the north are related to the late Cretaceous and the north of colored mélange, and the oldest deposits are in Dashtiari, belonging to late Miocene, and consisting of a set of rocks and fine-grained marl-conglomerate. The coastal landscapes of the Omani coast include Hezar-Darreh (a thousand valleys), muddy flows of the marl, hills of the tafoni caverns, deep watercourses of coastal plains, two sandy beach lanes, sandy hills, desert zones of clay marl. The geomorphologic phenomena of the Omani coast include mud volcanos, sea terraces, coastal, foothill and alluvial plains, alluvial cones and hills. In the glacial period and the period between glacial periods, water and wind are the dominant factor of erosion respectively, and the laminated terraces and exploratory and mechanical erosion are evidences of rainy periods in this region.
Hakimeh Ghanbari; Mohsen Ahadnejad
Volume 18, Issue 72 , February 2010, Pages 52-57
Abstract
Geographic information systems (GIS), with the management of transport information sources and the establishment of interconnection with them, facilitate access to traffic and service information. In fact, the goal of creating a GIS for the transportation system is to create a database linking transportation ...
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Geographic information systems (GIS), with the management of transport information sources and the establishment of interconnection with them, facilitate access to traffic and service information. In fact, the goal of creating a GIS for the transportation system is to create a database linking transportation information and GIS. In this paper, we aimed to explain and clarify the practical applications of GIS software in the field of transportation using descriptive-analytical method, and to analyze the locating process of vital facilities and equipment as well as some important uses in East Azarbaijan province relative to the route factor. In this research, the Network Analysis model has been considered as one of the most suitable methods for determining the shortest route for access to facilities or users, and has been implemented in the GIS software to provide access to the use of public parking lots in Tabriz city. The results indicate that GIS is one of the very suitable tools in optimal transportation planning and that Network Analysis model can be employed to determine the shortest and best route in terms of service and availability in transportation planning.
Kamal Nowzari; Masud Rajabdust
Volume 18, Issue 72 , February 2010, Pages 58-62
Abstract
The old regions of our cities must be modernized and take on today's functions in order to come out of the current state of stagnation. This requires a purposeful and continuous plan over time.
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The old regions of our cities must be modernized and take on today's functions in order to come out of the current state of stagnation. This requires a purposeful and continuous plan over time.
Hossein Kalantari Khalilabad
Volume 18, Issue 72 , February 2010, Pages 63-70
Abstract
The main feature of crises is their worldwide and uncontrollable character. An important part of accidents and transportation crises are irreparable and unnatural. Nowadays, road accidents have found an unnatural as well as their natural aspect due to the high human control over the environment and the ...
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The main feature of crises is their worldwide and uncontrollable character. An important part of accidents and transportation crises are irreparable and unnatural. Nowadays, road accidents have found an unnatural as well as their natural aspect due to the high human control over the environment and the deterrence of nature’s violence on the one hand, and the expansion of the technological and man-made environment on the other. Iran is on the path to both natural and unnatural disasters. Firstly, due to its geographic-climatic position, it is one of the first disaster-prone countries in the world. Secondly, it is also in close contact with other countries of the world geographically, politically, economically and culturally. Iran is not separated from the international community, and any natural and unnatural event in the world and the region will directly or indirectly affect it. Therefore, in this article, road crises are classified with different approaches to fulfil their comprehensive recognition and to devise different courses of action to counteract it.
Mojtaba Fathi; Alireza Ma'manpush
Volume 18, Issue 72 , February 2010, Pages 71-74
Abstract
Achieving stable agricultural production with proper profitability and, at the same time, preserving the environment from destructive effects of chemical fertilizers is not possible without taking the changes in farm’s soil and plant growth into account. The division of the farm into management ...
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Achieving stable agricultural production with proper profitability and, at the same time, preserving the environment from destructive effects of chemical fertilizers is not possible without taking the changes in farm’s soil and plant growth into account. The division of the farm into management sections is carried out in a variety of ways. Concentrated sampling of plants and soil, preparation of contour line maps of its features, and the use of aerial (installed on airplanes) and satellite sensors are among these methods. In developing countries, access to high resolution satellite data is not feasible due to economic and security reasons. However, satellite data with smaller scale is partially able to make the division of the management sections in the farm according to the state of plant growth possible. In this study, the possibility of dividing in-farm management sections based on the NDVI index calculated from the reflection intensity at Landsat 7 satellite wavelengths has been investigated. The NDVI map provides the possibility of dividing farm sections, calculation of the cropping area of each product, and the division of sections with different growth. The coefficient of variation of the NDVI growth index in the 10 hectare farm scale was about 11.5% and was significant. The observable growth rate of the field and the growth rate estimated according to the NDVI index field show agreement.
Fereshteh Tavakkoli
Volume 18, Issue 72 , February 2010, Pages 75-79
Abstract
At the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century, natural resources around the world have been severely damaged due to extensive industrial efforts to achieve a better economy. This type of development, which has reached its peak in the last century, is unstable because ...
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At the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first century, natural resources around the world have been severely damaged due to extensive industrial efforts to achieve a better economy. This type of development, which has reached its peak in the last century, is unstable because it has violated its goals, which are more comfort and better economy for human beings. Environmental contamination, whether in important issues such as weather and soil or in other matters, has led to various illnesses and diseases, and has seriously threatened the healthy life and comfort of humans. The result of these industrial efforts and the unbridled consumption of fossil fuels has not only contributed to environmental pollution in the world's cities, but also the issue of climate change and global warming has shown the worldwide scale of environmental issues. The haphazard and limitless growth of industry and environment threatens our lives and our children’s, and it is evident that the destruction of the environment does not affect only one country, but it will have global effects. This is why the International Standard Organization ISO, along with other relevant global and regional organizations, is committed to protecting the environment. The necessity of maintaining the cleanliness of the environment and preventing its further contamination is nowadays considered as a global goal and is followed by international institutions and various human societies at the global level, and each society takes measures in different dimensions and in various fields where there is a risk of environmental pollution, and all of these activities are for the aim of protecting the environment for today’s human being as well as for the future.
Seyyed Kazem Alavi Panah
Volume 18, Issue 72 , February 2010, Pages 80-80
