فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی اطلاعات جغرافیایی « سپهر»

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پیش بینی آلودگی هوای ناشی از حمل ونقل شهری کلانشهر تهران با بهره گیری از تلفیق GIS با مدلLUR وشبکه عصبی مصنوعی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

دانشیار جغرافیا و برنامهریزی شهری، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

تاکنون طرح‌هایی چند در جهت کاهش آلودگی هوای شهر تهران به مرحله اجراگذاشته شده است. اما مسئله این است که در کنار سایر کاستی‌ها، این طرح‌ها اغلب با تبعیت از مدیریت بحران به جای مدیریت ریسک،در واقع عکس‌العملی منفعلانه ومقطعی در مقابل افزایش آلودگی هوا بوده ودر تصمیمات مدیریتی مبتنی بر این طرح‌ها از سامانه پشتیبانی تصمیم‌گیری استفاده نشده است. لذا این پژوهش به سبب اهمیت موضوع با روشی تحلیلی-کاربردی وبا استفاده از داده‌های ساعتی، غلظت منوکسید کربن 12 ایستگاه از مجموعه ایستگاه‌های سنجش آلودگی هوا متعلق به شرکت کنترل کیفیت هوا وهمچنین داده‌های هواشناسی سرعت باد، جهت باد ودما مربوط به ایستگاه مهرآباد، همگی مربوط به سال1389، و داده‌های حجم همسنگ سواری معابر شهر تهران با هدف پیش‌بینی زمانی-مکانی آلودگی هوای ناشی از حمل ونقل شهری کلانشهر تهران در راستای کاربرد در سامانه پشتیبانی تصمیم‌گیری فضایی مدیریت کیفیت هوا و با هدف نهایی مدیریت بهینه حمل و نقل شهری کلانشهر تهران به تحقیق پرداخت. در این راستا، از آنجا که هدف غایی تحقیق حاضر، بهره‌گیری از نتایج آن در کنترل بهینه حمل و نقل شهری به عنوان منبع مهم آلاینده هوا است؛ از روش LUR برای سنجش شاخص منوکسید کربن در حمل و نقل کلانشهر تهران در کنار سایر آلاینده‌ها استفاده گردید.سپس از شبکه عصبی مصنوعی برای پیش‌بینی زمانی احتمال وقوع آلودگی هوا البته با تأکید بر مدیریت ریسک بهره گرفته شد؛ و سپس بر پایه پیش‌بینی‌های زمانی حاصل از شبکه عصبی مصنوعی، با استفاده از شاخص کریجینگ مناطقی که احتمال وقوع آلودگی هوا در آنها بالاست، شناسایی گردید. براساس یافته‌های تحقیق، نتایج مناسب تشخیص داده شد به گونه‌ای که می‌توان از این الگو در سامانه پشتیبانی مدیریت کیفیت هوا به هدف نهایی مدیریت بهینه حمل و نقل شهری کلانشهر تهران استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Prediction of Air Pollution caused by Urban Transport in Tehran Metropolis using the Combination of GIS with LUR Model and Artificial Neural Network

نویسنده [English]

  • Nahid Sajadian

Associate Professore in geography and urban planning Shahid Chamran University

چکیده [English]

To date, a number of plans have been implemented to reduce air pollution in the city of Tehran.But the problem is that, along with other shortcomings,these planshave often been a passive and temporaryreaction to the increase of air pollution with adherence to crisis management rather than risk management, and no decision-making support system has been used in management decisions based on these plans.Therefore, due to the importance of the subject, this research was carried out by an analytical-applied method using hourly data, carbon monoxide density of 12 stations from a collection of air pollution measurement stations belonging to the air quality company, as well as meteorological dataof wind speed, wind direction and the temperature at the Mehrabad station, all related to the year 1389, and the number of the cars on the highways and streets of city of Tehran with the aim of predicting the temporal-spatial air pollution caused by the urban transport of Tehran Metropolis in line with the application of the spatial decision- making of the air quality management and with the ultimate goal of optimal management of urban transport of Tehran Metropolis. In this regard, since the ultimate goal of the present study is to use its results in controlling the optimal urban transportation as an important source of air pollutants, the LUR method was used to measure carbon monoxide index in the transportationof Tehran metropolis along with other pollutants. An artificial neural network was then used to predict the time of the possible occurrence of air pollution with emphasis on using risk management, and then, based on time predictions resulted from the artificial neural network, the regions with high possibility of air pollution occurrence were identified using the Kriging index.According to the findings of this research,the results were appropriate, so that this model could be used in the air quality management support system to reach the ultimate goal of optimal urban transport management in Tehran Metropolis.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Air pollution
  • City transport
  • Artificial neural network
  • Spatial decision-making support system
  • GIS
  • LUR Model
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فصلنامه علمی- پژوهشی اطلاعات جغرافیایی « سپهر»
دوره 24، شماره 95 - شماره پیاپی 95
آذر 1394
صفحه 108-120
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