نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• علی صادقی ¹
• امیررضا خاوریان گرمسیر ¹
• مریم زارعی ²

¹ استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشکده جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی دانشگاه اصفهان، اصفهان ، ایران

² کارشناس ارشد جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه اصفهان ، اصفهان ، ایران

چکیده

شهرها با چالش های بسیاری مواجه هستند، اما می توان گفت مهمترین مشکلی که آنها را تهدید می کند، فقر است. وجود فقر در شهرها منجر به بروز مسائل اجتماعی، اقتصادی و کالبدی شده و پایداری و توسعه این شهرها را با مشکلاتی مواجه نموده است. فقر می تواند منجر به بیکاری، بی خانمانی، جرم و جنایت و افزایش نرخ بیماری ها شود. بنابراین، رفع فقر در شهرها نقش بسیار مهمی در ایجاد جوامع سالم و پایدار بازی می کند. هدف از پژوهش حاضر تحلیل پراکنش فضایی شاخص ­های فقر شهری در منطقه 11 شهرداری اصفهان و آشکارسازی شکاف اجتماعی در میان ساکنان این منطقه است. پژوهش ازنظر هدف کاربردی و از لحاظ ماهیت و روش توصیفی- تحلیلی است. بر اساس داده های بلوک آماری منطقه 11 شهرداری اصفهان، تحلیل های هات اسپات و خودهمبستگی فضایی موران در محیط جی آی اس انجام گرفت. برای استخراج شاخص‌های فقر شهری از نرم‌افزار اکسل استفاده شد. برای تحلیل عاملی شاخص ­های تعریف شده از نرم‌افزار اس پی اس اس استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد فقر در منطقه 11 شهرداری اصفهان الگوی توزیع خوشه ­ای و خود­همبستگی فضایی دارد. بنا بر پهنه ­بندی­ های صورت گرفته، قسمت ­های مرکز، شرق، شمال­ شرق و قسمت­ هایی از جنوب­ شرق و جنوب­ غرب را بلوک­ های فقیر و خیلی فقیر در برمی­ گیرد و در قسمت­ های شمال و شمال­ غرب و غرب منطقه 11 بلوک­ های خیلی مرفه و مرفه دیده ­می­ شود. با این ‌وجود در منطقه 11 شهرداری اصفهان شاهد شکاف طبقاتی هستیم. از طرفی، می­ توان بیان نمود که توزیع فضایی فقر در منطقه 11 شهر اصفهان از الگوی خاصی پیروی می­ کند، به­ گونه ­ای که هر چه از سمت جنوب به شمال و از سمت شرق به سمت غرب نزدیک می­ شویم فقر کاهش پیدا می­ کند. این تحقیق در توسعه دانش در زمینه فقر شهری و برنامه ریزی اجتماعی شهری مشارکت می نماید. نتایج آن می تواند اطلاعات لازم برای تصمیم گیری در پرداختن به مسئله فقر شهری ارائه دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• فقر شهری؛ فقر شهری
• شکاف طبقاتی
• عدالت فضایی
• منطقه 11 شهرداری اصفهان
• اصفهان

موضوعات

• اطلاعات جغرافیایی

عنوان مقاله [English]

Spatial analysis of poverty and social gap in metropolitan areas of Iran - Case study: District 11 of Isfahan Municipality

نویسندگان [English]

• Ali Sadeghi ¹
• Amir Reza Khavarian-Garmsir ¹
• Maryam Zareei ²

¹ Assistant professor, Department of geography and urban planning, Faculty of geography and planning, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran

² Master of geography and urban planning, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran

چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Introduction: Cities have many challenges, but it can be said that the problem that threatens them is weak. The existence of poverty in cities leads to the occurrence of social and economic issues and causes the stability and development of these cities to be created with problems. For example, poverty can lead to unemployment, homelessness, crime, and increased disease rates. Therefore, eliminating poverty in cities plays a very important role in creating healthy and sustainable societies. Due to population growth and the influx of Afghan immigrants in recent years, some neighborhoods in District 11 of Isfahan municipality have experienced poverty due to inequality and unfair distribution of services and facilities. In order to organize the current situation and overcome the existing conditions, the spatial distribution of poverty spots must first be identified and then, with regular planning, this problem can be solved to prevent the consequences of poverty at the regional level. The aim of the current research is to analyze the spatial distribution of urban poverty indicators in the 11th district of the municipality and the social gap among the residents of this neighborhood.
Materials & Methods: The research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Based on the data of the statistical block of the 11th district of Isfahan municipality, hotspot analysis and Moran's spatial autocorrelation were performed in the GIS environment. Excel software was used for urban poverty indicators. SPS software is used for the factor analysis of the defined indicators.
Results & Discussion: The results showed that weak in the 11th region of Isfahan municipality has a cluster distribution pattern and spatial autocorrelation. According to the zoning, the parts of the center, east, northeast, and parts of the southeast and south. The west is surrounded by poor and very poor blocks, and in the north, northwest and west parts of region 11, there are very prosperous and prosperous blocks. However, in district 11 of Isfahan municipality, we see a class divide. On the other hand, I can say that having poor space in the 11th district of Isfahan city follows the characteristic pattern, in such a way that as we approach from the south to the north and from the east to the west, the poverty be decreases.
Conclusion: Some social and cultural values can perpetuate poverty and social inequality, and people in poverty may have different beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors that exacerbate their economic problems. In addition to individual and social factors, institutional factors such as housing policies, zoning laws, and land use regulations can also play a role in the spatial distribution of poverty and social inequality in urban areas. For example, discriminatory housing policies can lead to the concentration of low-income individuals in specific areas, while deprivation zoning policies can limit their access to affordable housing and employment opportunities. Today, poverty exists in various dimensions of human life and has brought with it problems and challenges. Therefore, in order to reduce poverty and implement human and sustainable development, it is essential to identify scientific and specialized methods, the geography of poverty-stricken areas, and important indicators in this field. The successful implementation of strategies and policies to reduce poverty requires the identification of all factors and needs of residents in the geographical area affected by this problem, so that programs can be developed to reduce poverty and improve conditions. This research contributes to the development of knowledge in the field of poverty and urban social planning. Its results can provide the necessary information to make decisions in addressing the urban poor problem.
Finally, the following recommendations are proposed to improve the current conditions in District 11 of Isfahan city:

Implementing neighborhood-based projects to achieve sustainable urban redevelopment with people's participation.
Establishing neighborhood development offices to identify the specific problems of each neighborhood and provide solutions.
Conducting research on poverty with the support and participation of organizations such as the Imam Khomeini Relief Committee and municipal authorities to align their results and find the best solution to address urban poverty.
Considering that the main reason for the migration of native residents of District 11 is the presence of Afghan immigrants in this area, and as a result, many social problems have arisen, it is essential to address this issue with appropriate policies; otherwise, we will face more serious problems between native residents and Afghan immigrants in the future.
Providing facilities and loans for renovation and reconstruction in the area, especially in the central, eastern, and northeast parts.
Creating social justice for the use of facilities.
Improving environmental conditions in District 11 of Isfahan, especially in the Sajjad Square neighborhood, which has an unfavorable situation. Municipal officials can address the environmental problems of this area by creating parks and green spaces, paving the streets, removing environmental pollution, collecting garbage, and organizing the vacant lands.
Creating a space for the education of working children, supporting them, and providing suitable employment opportunities for them.
Improving the physical condition of the area through redevelopment programs, and more.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Urban poverty
• Class gap
• Spatial justice
• District 11 of Isfahan Municipality
• Isfahan