نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• علیرضا دربان آستانه ¹
• سجاد فردوسی ²
• حمید رضا شاه محمدی ³

¹ استادیاردانشکده جغرافیا دانشگاه تهران

² دانشجوی دکتری گردشگری، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران

³ کارشناس جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی شهری، دانشگاه پیام نور، ایران

چکیده

گردشگری دریایی یکی از جذاب‌ترین و پرطرفدارترین شاخه‌های گردشگری به شمار می‌آید که در دهه‌های اخیر رونق بسیاری یافته و بخش قابل توجهی از اقتصاد گردشگری را به خود اختصاص داده است. در این میان کشور ایران با وجود برخورداری از مرزهای ساحلی وسیع در شمال و جنوب تاکنون نتوانسته خدمات مطلوبی را در ارتباط با گردشگری دریایی به گردشگران ارائه نماید. از جمله اقداماتی که می‌توان در این زمینه انجام داد احداث سایت‌های گردشگری دریایی در مناطق ساحلی است. به منظور مکانیابی چنین سایت‌هایی در نظر گرفتن معیارهایی بدین شرح ضروری است: فاصله از دریا، دید نسبت به دریا، آفتاب‌گیری، کاربری اراضی، فاصله از مخاطرات طبیعی همچون گسل، سیلاب، فرسایش، فاصله از سکونتگاه‌ها، فاصله از رودخانه و دریاچه، فاصله از شبکه معابر، فاصله از مناطق حفاظت شده و درصد شیب. بر این اساس پژوهش حاضر به روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و با هدف شناسایی مطلوب‌ترین نقاط به منظور احداث سایت گردشگری دریایی تدوین گردیده است. اطلاعاتموردنیاز به روش کتابخانه‌ایجمع‌آوری گردیده است. جهت وزن دهی به معیارهای مورد بررسی از طریق نظرخواهی از 32 کارشناس و متخصص و از روش AHP استفاده شده است. پس از تعین وزن هر یک از معیارها، لایه‌های اطلاعاتی هر یک از معیارها در محیط GIS ایجاد گردیده و در نهایت با روی هم‌گذاری لایه‌های اطلاعاتی، مناسب‌ترین مکان‌ها جهت ایجاد سایت گردشگری دریایی معرفی گردیده است. بر این اساس چهار محدوده در شهرستان تنکابن به منظور جانمایی سایت گردشگری دریایی نسبت به سایر نقاط، مطلوب تشخیص داده شده است. بنابراین برنامه‌ریزی مناسب برای ایجاد سایت‌های گردشگری دریایی در مکان‌های پیشنهاد شده به ترتیب اولویت، توسعه پایدار گردشگری و متقابلاً توسعه اقتصادی منطقه را به همراه خواهد داشت.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

• گردشگری دریایی
• مکانیابی
• دریای خزر
• GIS
• AHP

20.1001.1.25883860.1397.27.106.16.0

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying the most desirable locations for the construction of Marine Tourism Sites Case study: Tonekabon

نویسندگان [English]

• Alireaza Darbane Astaneh ¹
• sajad ferdowsi ²
• Hamid Reza Shahmohammadi ³

¹ Assistant professor, Faculty of geography, the University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran

² PhD Student of Tourism, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran

³ BSc, Geography and urban planning, the University of Payame Noor, Iran

چکیده [English]

Extended Abstract
Introduction
Marine tourism is one of the most attractive and most popular tourist branches that has flourished much in recent decades and has attracted a significant part of tourism economy. In the meantime, despite having extensive coastal borders in the north and south, Iran has not yet been able to provide tourists with desirable services in relation to marine tourism. The constructing of marine tourism sites in coastal areas is one of the measures that can be taken in this regard. In order to locate such sites, it is needed to take the following criteria into consideration: distance from the sea, view of the sea, exposing to the sun, land use, distance from natural hazards such as faults, floods, erosion, distance from the residential areas, distance from the rivers and lakes, distance from road networks, distance from protected areas and percentage of slope. In this regard, the present paper aims to determine the most appropriate places for the construction of marine tourism sites in the city of Tonekabon, considering the importance of quantitative and qualitative identification and assessment of the characteristics of the areas. It is hoped that managers and planners can provide the ground for developing marine tourism on the southern margin of the Caspian Sea in accordance with the available capacities, by assessing and analyzing this process in the coastal areas of this Sea. The present research seeks to answer the following question: Where are the most suitable places to build a marine tourism site in the city of Tonekabon?
 Materials & Methods
The present research with descriptive-analytical method aims to identify the most desirable locations for the construction of marine tourism sites. The required information was collected by a library method. In order to weight the criteria under study, the opinions of 32 experts were surveyed and the AHP method was used. After determining the weight of each criterion, the information layers of each of the criteria were prepared in the GIS environment and finally, with overlaying of the information layers, the most suitable locations for the marine tourism sites were introduced.
 Results & Discussion
 According to the experts, the criteria of exposing to the sun, slope percentage, sea view, land use, severity of erosion in the area, and the criteria of distance from the sea, distance from the road networks, distance from the faults, distance from the protected areas, distance from the rivers, distance from the residential areas and distance from the areas subject to flood, were scored based on the distance (Table-1). Then, the information layers were created based on each of the criteria in the GIS environment and rated according to the weight of each criterion. Accordingly, four areas in the city of Tonekabon have been identified as more desirable compared to other points in order to locate the marine tourism sites.
 Conclusion
 The correct location of the various land uses by using tools, techniques, and scientific models and in accordance with the principles and rules of planning can be efficient in solving land use problems. Therefore, proper planning for the creation of marine tourism sites in the proposed places, in order of priority, will provide sustainable tourism development and mutually the economic development of the region. Accordingly, based on the analyses and the results of the research, the following suggestions are presented for the construction of a marine tourism site in general:
- Accurate and complete identification of facilities and services available in neighboring settlements with the proposed location.
- A detailed study of the proposed location for the construction of a marine tourism site
- Investigation and feasibility of the deployment of activities related to the marine tourism in the proposed location.
- Studying and identifying the facilities needed by tourists visiting the sea within the desired range.
- Advertising and introducing the capabilities of marine tourism at national and regional levels.
- Encouraging investors and local people to invest in the construction of tourism sites.
- Allocating sufficient funds and credits to build the primary infrastructure.
- Strengthening and improving roads and communication paths to the proposed location
- Familiarizing people and authorities with the benefits of marine tourism and trying to attract their participation
- Improving and enhancing the safety and security conditions within areas of interest.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Marine Tourism
• Location
• Caspian Sea
• GIS
• AHP